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Woodward continued to work for ''The Washington Post'' after his reporting on Watergate. He has since written over a dozen books on American politics, most of which have topped bestsellers lists.
Woodward continued to work for ''The Washington Post'' after his reporting on Watergate. He has since written over a dozen books on American politics, most of which have topped bestsellers lists.

In early 2013, Woodward became involved in a public dispute with the Obama administration regarding the [[2013 Sequestration]] and Woodward's subsequent characterization of being told by an administration official that he would "regret" taking his viewpoint.<ref name="WAPOSEQUESTER">{{cite web |url= http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/bob-woodward-obamas-sequester-deal-changer/2013/02/22/c0b65b5e-7ce1-11e2-9a75-dab0201670da_story_1.html|title= Obama’s sequester deal-changer|last1=Woodward |first1= Bob|date=2/22/13 |work=The Washington Post |publisher=The Washington Post |accessdate=February 28, 2013}} </ref> <ref name = "CNNTICKER" />


==Early life and career==
==Early life and career==

Revision as of 05:58, 2 March 2013

For other people named Robert Woodward, see Robert Woodward (disambiguation).
Bob Woodward
Bob Woodward (Jim Wallace, 2002)
Born
Robert Upshur Woodward

(1943-03-26) March 26, 1943 (age 81)
Geneva, Illinois, U.S.
Statusmarried
EducationYale University, B.A., 1965
OccupationJournalist
Notable creditThe Washington Post
SpouseElsa Walsh
ChildrenTwo daughters: Tali (age 35) and Diana (age 16).
RelativesHas one granddaughter named Zadie.
Websitehttp://www.bobwoodward.com/

Robert Upshur “Bob” Woodward (born March 26, 1943) is an American investigative journalist and non-fiction author. He has worked for The Washington Post since 1971 as a reporter, and is now an associate editor of the Post.

While a young reporter for The Washington Post in 1972, Woodward was teamed up with Carl Bernstein; the two did much of the original news reporting on the Watergate scandal. These scandals led to numerous government investigations and the eventual resignation of President Richard Nixon. Gene Roberts, the former executive editor of The Philadelphia Inquirer and former managing editor of The New York Times, has called the work of Woodward and Bernstein "maybe the single greatest reporting effort of all time."[1]

Woodward continued to work for The Washington Post after his reporting on Watergate. He has since written over a dozen books on American politics, most of which have topped bestsellers lists.

Early life and career

Watergate scandal
The Watergate complex in 2006
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People
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Woodward was born in Geneva, Illinois, the son of Jane (née Upshur) and Alfred Enos Woodward II, chief judge of the 18th Judicial Circuit Court. He was a resident of Wheaton, Illinois. He enrolled in Yale University with an NROTC scholarship, and studied history and English literature. While at Yale, Woodward joined the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity.[2] He received his B.A. degree in 1965, and began a five-year tour of duty in the United States Navy. After being discharged as a lieutenant in August 1970, Woodward considered attending law school but applied for a job as a reporter for The Washington Post, while taking graduate courses at The George Washington University. Harry M. Rosenfeld, the Post's metropolitan editor, gave him a two-week trial but did not hire him because of his lack of journalistic experience. After a year at the Montgomery Sentinel, a weekly newspaper in the Washington, D.C., suburbs, Woodward was hired as a Post reporter in September 1971.[citation needed]

Woodward has authored or coauthored 16 nonfiction books in the last 35 years. All 16 have been national bestsellers and 12 of them have been No. 1 national nonfiction bestsellers—more No. 1 national nonfiction bestsellers than any contemporary author. He has written multiple No. 1 national nonfiction bestsellers on a wide range of subjects in each of the four decades he has been active as an author, from 1974 to 2009.

In his 1995 memoir, A Good Life, former Post executive editor Ben Bradlee singled out Woodward in the foreword. "It would be hard to overestimate the contributions to my newspaper and to my time as editor of that extraordinary reporter, Bob Woodward—surely the best of his generation at investigative reporting, the best I've ever seen.... And Woodward has maintained the same position on top of journalism's ladder ever since Watergate."[3]

David Gergen, who had worked in the White House during the Richard Nixon and three subsequent administrations said in his 2000 memoir, Eyewitness to Power, of Woodward's reporting, "I don't accept everything he writes as gospel—he can get details wrong—but generally, his accounts in both his books and in the Post are remarkably reliable and demand serious attention. I am convinced he writes only what he believes to be true or has been reliably told to be true. And he is certainly a force for keeping the government honest."[4]

Career recognition and awards

Woodward made crucial contributions to two Pulitzer Prizes won by The Washington Post. First he and Bernstein were the lead reporters on Watergate and the Post won the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service in 1973.[5]

Woodward also was the main reporter for the Post's coverage of the September 11 attacks in 2001. Ten stories won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting[6] – "six carrying the familiar byline of Bob Woodward," noted the New York Times article announcing the awards.[7]

He has been a recipient of nearly every other major American journalism award, including the Heywood Broun award (1972), Worth Bingham Prize for Investigative Reporting (1972 and 1986), Sigma Delta Chi Award (1973), George Polk Award (1972), William Allen White Medal (2000), and the Gerald R. Ford Prize for Reporting on the Presidency (2002). In 2012, Colby College presented Woodward with the Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award for courageous journalism as well as an honorary doctorate.[8]

Fred Barnes of the Weekly Standard called Woodward "the best pure reporter of his generation, perhaps ever."[9] In 2003, Albert Hunt of The Wall Street Journal called Woodward "the most celebrated journalist of our age." In 2004, Bob Schieffer of CBS News said, "Woodward has established himself as the best reporter of our time. He may be the best reporter of all time."[10]

Career

Watergate

Main article: Watergate scandal

Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein were assigned to report on the June 17, 1972, burglary of the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee in a Washington, D.C., office building called Watergate. Their work, under editor Benjamin C. Bradlee, became known for being the first to report on a number of political "dirty tricks" used by the Nixon re-election committee during his campaign for reelection. Their book about the scandal, All the President's Men, became a No. 1 bestseller and was later turned into a movie. The 1976 film, starring Robert Redford as Woodward and Dustin Hoffman as Bernstein, transformed the reporters into celebrities and inspired a wave of interest in investigative journalism.

The book and movie also led to one of Washington, D.C.'s, most famous mysteries: the identity of Woodward's secret Watergate informant known as Deep Throat, a reference to the title of a popular pornographic movie at the time. Woodward said he would protect Deep Throat's identity until the man died or allowed his name to be revealed. For over 30 years, only Woodward, Bernstein, and a handful of others knew the informant's identity until it was claimed by his family to Vanity Fair magazine to be former Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director W. Mark Felt in May 2005. Woodward has confirmed this claim and published a book, titled The Secret Man, that detailed his relationship with Felt.

Woodward and Bernstein followed up with a second successful book on Watergate, entitled The Final Days (Simon and Schuster 1976), covering in extensive depth the period from November 1973 until President Nixon resigned in August 1974.

The Woodward and Bernstein Watergate Papers are housed at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin.

George W. Bush administration

Woodward spent more time than any other journalist with former president George W. Bush, interviewing him six times for close to 11 hours total.[11] Woodward's four books, Bush at War (2002), Plan of Attack (2004), State of Denial (2006), and The War Within: A Secret White House History (2006–2008) (2008) are detailed accounts of the Bush presidency, including the response to the September 11 attacks and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. In a series of articles published in January 2002, he and Dan Balz described the events at Camp David in the aftermath of September 11 and discussed the Worldwide Attack Matrix.

Woodward believed the Bush administration's claims of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction prior to the war. During an appearance on Larry King Live, he was asked by a telephone caller, "Suppose we go to war and go into Iraq and there are no weapons of mass destruction," Woodward responded "I think the chance of that happening is about zero. There's just too much there." Woodward later admitted his error saying, "I think I dropped the ball here. I should have pushed much, much harder on the skepticism about the reality of WMD; in other words, [I should have] said, 'Hey, look, the evidence is not as strong as they were claiming.'"[12]

On February 1, 2008, as a part of the Authors @ Google series, Woodward, who was interviewed by Google CEO Eric Schmidt, said that he had a fourth book in his Bush at War series in the making. He then added jokingly that his wife told him that she would kill him if he decides to write a fifth in the series.[13]

Involvement in the Plame scandal

Main article: Plame affair

On November 14, 2005, Woodward gave a two-hour deposition to Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald. He testified that a senior administration official told him in June 2003 that Iraq war critic Joe Wilson’s wife (later identified as Valerie Plame), worked for the CIA. Woodward appears to have been the first reporter to learn about her employment (albeit not her name) from a government source. The deposition was reported in The Washington Post on November 16, 2005, and was the first time Woodward revealed publicly that he had any special knowledge about the case. Woodward testified the information was given to him in a “casual” and “offhand” manner, and said that he does not believe it was part of any coordinated effort to “out” Plame as a CIA employee.[14] Later, Woodward's source identified himself. It was Richard Armitage, Colin Powell's deputy and an internal critic of the Iraq War and the White House inner circle.

Woodward said the revelation came at the end of a long, confidential background interview for his 2004 book Plan of Attack. He did not reveal the official’s disclosure at the time because it did not strike him as important. Later, he kept it to himself because it came as part of a confidential conversation with a source.

In his deposition, Woodward also said that he had conversations with Scooter Libby after the June 2003 conversation with his confidential administration source, and testified that it is possible that he might have asked Libby further questions about Joe Wilson’s wife before her employment at the CIA and her identity were publicly known.

Woodward apologized to Leonard Downie Jr., editor of The Washington Post, for not informing him earlier of the June 2003 conversation. Downie accepted the apology and said even had the paper known it would not have changed its reporting.

New York University professor Jay Rosen severely criticized Woodward for allegedly being co-opted by the Bush White House and also for not telling the truth about his role in the Plame affair, writing: "Not only is Woodward not in the hunt, but he is slowly turning into the hunted. Part of what remains to be uncovered is how Woodward was played by the Bush team, and what they thought they were doing by leaking to him, as well as what he did with the dubious information he got."[15]

Other professional activities

Woodward has continued to write books and report stories for The Washington Post, and serves as an associate editor at the paper. He focuses on the presidency, intelligence, and Washington institutions such as the U.S. Supreme Court, The Pentagon, and the Federal Reserve. He also wrote the book Wired, about the Hollywood drug culture and the death of comic John Belushi.

2013 Dispute with the Obama Administration

In early 2013, Woodward became involved in a public dispute with the Obama administration regarding Obama's claim that "The sequester is not something that I’ve proposed. It is something that Congress has proposed." In response to this claim, Woodward wrote in the Washington Post that Obama had personally approved the plan on July 27, 2011, as part of a deal to raise the debt limit. Though administration officials initially objected to this characterization of events, White House press secretary Jay Carney later stated that the sequester "was an idea that the White House put forward".[16] Woodward also reported that since the 2011 sequestration deal had involved an agreement by the Obama administration that the sequestration would include no tax increases, Obama's later demand that the sequestration be replaced with a package that included tax increases amounted to "moving the goal posts".[16]

In subsequent interviews, Woodward said that the White House had threatened him to try to prevent him from publishing the story.[17] Woodward stated that when he had contacted a White House official to warn that he would be publicly questioning Obama's account of how the sequestration came about and that sequestration was never about tax increases,[18] the official "yelled at [him] for about a half-hour", and then made a vague threat, saying in a follow-up email that Woodward would "regret" publishing the report.[19][20][21]

In response, the unnamed White House official, who Woodward refused to name, but was later identified as economic advisor Gene Sperling,[22] insisted that the email had been intended as an apology to Woodward for the tone of the prior conversation. The unnamed official also stated that, in warning Woodward that he would "regret" the claim that Obama had changed the terms of the deal, the author of the email had only intended to say that the claim was inaccurate though the Obama Administration had in fact signed and was involved in the negotiations that crafted the deficit reduction bill. "Of course no threat was intended," the official said.[20] After seeing the full e-mail correspondance, conservative commentators who had initially reported Woodward's allegations subsequently agreed with the interpretation of the White House email as not being an explicit threat towards Woodward. [23] Woodward did receive support from Washington Post columnist Jennifer Rubin and National Journal editorial director Ron Fournier, who each referenced similar stories of conflict with White House officials[24] [25]}}

In response to criticism of his perceived characterization of the exchange as conveying a threat, Woodward noted that he had not actually called it a threat or said that he felt threatened, and said that it was Politico that had characterized the exchange as a threat, but then added, "When someone says ‘you’ll regret something,’ they can use their power any way they want." in regard to the Obama Administration cabinet member's message. [26] During a February 28, 2013 interview with Sean Hannity, Woodward stated that he took "you will regret it" as a warning that "you better watch out!", because "it immediately followed the half-hour of being yelled at" by the same White House official.[27]

Criticism

Criticisms of style

Woodward often uses unnamed sources in his reporting for the Post and in his books. Using extensive interviews with firsthand witnesses, documents, meeting notes, diaries, calendars, and other documentation, Woodward attempts to construct a seamless narrative of events, most often told through the eyes of the key participants.

Nicholas von Hoffman has made the criticism that "arrestingly irrelevant detail is [often] used,"[28] while Michael Massing believes Woodward's books are "filled with long, at times tedious passages with no evident direction."[29]

Joan Didion has leveled the most comprehensive criticism of Woodward, in a lengthy September 1996 essay in The New York Review of Books.[30] Though "Woodward is a widely trusted reporter, even an American icon," she says that he assembles reams of often irrelevant detail, fails to draw conclusions, and make judgments. "Measurable cerebral activity is virtually absent" from his books after Watergate from 1979 to 1996, she said. She said the books are notable for "a scrupulous passivity, an agreement to cover the story not as it is occurring but as it is presented, which is to say as it is manufactured." She ridicules "fairness" as "a familiar newsroom piety, the excuse in practice for a good deal of autopilot reporting and lazy thinking." All this focus on what people said and thought—their "decent intentions"—circumscribes "possible discussion or speculation," resulting in what she called "political pornography."

The Post's Richard Harwood defended Woodward in a September 6, 1996, column, arguing that Woodward's method is that of a reporter—"talking to people you write about, checking and cross-checking their versions of contemporary history," and collecting documentary evidence in notes, letters, and records."[31]

Criticisms of content

  • Woodward has been accused of exaggeration and fabrication, most notably regarding "Deep Throat," his famous Watergate informant. Even since W. Mark Felt was announced as the true identity behind Deep Throat, John Dean[32] and Ed Gray,[33] in separate publications, have used Woodward's book All The President's Men and his published notes on his meetings with Deep Throat to show that Deep Throat could not have been only Mark Felt. They argued that Deep Throat was a fictional composite made up of several Woodward sources, only one of whom was Felt. Gray, in his book In Nixon's Web, even goes so far as to publish an e-mail and telephone exchange he had with Donald Santarelli, a Washington lawyer who was a justice department official during Watergate, in which Santarelli confirmed to Gray that he was the source behind statements Woodward recorded in notes he has attributed to Deep Throat.[34]
  • J. Bradford DeLong has noticed strong inconsistencies between the accounts of the making of Clinton economic policy described both in Woodward's book Maestro and his book The Agenda.[35]
  • Some of Woodward's critics accuse him of abandoning critical inquiry to maintain his access to high-profile political actors. Anthony Lewis called the style "a trade in which the great grant access in return for glory."[36] Christopher Hitchens accused Woodward of acting as "stenographer to the rich and powerful."[37]
  • Woodward believed the Bush administration's claims of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction prior to the war, and the publication of the book At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA by former director of central intelligence George Tenet led Woodward to engage in a rather tortuous account of the extent of his pre-war conversations with Tenet in an article in The New Yorker Magazine in which he also chastised New York Times op-ed columnist Maureen Dowd for being critical of him.[38]
  • Woodward was also accused of fabricating his deathbed interview with CIA Director William Casey, as described in Veil; critics say the interview simply could not have taken place as written in the book.[39][40][41][42] Following Casey's death, President Ronald Reagan wrote: "[Woodward]'s a liar and he lied about what Casey is supposed to have thought of me."[43]

Commentator David Frum has said, perhaps partly tongue-in-cheek, that Washington officials can learn something about the way Washington works from Woodward's books: "From his books, you can draw a composite profile of the powerful Washington player. That person is highly circumspect, highly risk averse, eschews new ideas, flatters his colleagues to their face (while trashing them to Woodward behind their backs), and is always careful to avoid career-threatening confrontation. We all admire heroes, but Woodward's books teach us that those who rise to leadership are precisely those who take care to abjure heroism for themselves."[44]

Despite these criticisms and challenges, Woodward has been praised as an authoritative and balanced journalist. The New York Times Book Review said in 2004 that "No reporter has more talent for getting Washington’s inside story and telling it cogently."[45]

Lecture circuit

Bob Woodward regularly gives speeches to industry lobbying groups, such as the American Bankruptcy Institute, the National Association of Chain Drug Stores, and the Mortgage Bankers Association.[46] Woodward commands speaking fees "rang[ing] from $15,000 to $60,000" and donates them to his personal foundation, the Woodward Walsh Foundation, which donates to charities including Sidwell Friends School.[47] Washington Post policy prohibits "speaking engagements without permission from department heads" but Woodward insists that the policy is "fuzzy and ambiguous."[48]

Personal

Woodward now lives in the Georgetown section of Washington, D.C.. He is married to Elsa Walsh, a writer for The New Yorker and the author of Divided Lives: The Public and Private Struggles of Three American Women. He has two daughters.

Woodward maintains a listed number in the Washington, D.C., phone directory.[49] He says this is because he wants any potential news source to be able to reach him.[citation needed]

Books

Woodward has co-authored or authored twelve No. 1 national bestselling nonfiction books,[citation needed] They are:

Other books, which have also been bestsellers but not No. 1, are

  • The Choice—about Bill Clinton's re-election bid; (1996) ISBN 0-684-81308-4
  • Maestro—about Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan; (2000) ISBN 0-7432-0412-3
  • The Secret Man—about Mark Felt's disclosure, after more than 30 years, that he was Deep Throat. The book was written before Felt admitted his title, as he was sickly and Bob expected that someway or another, it would come out; (2005) ISBN 0-7432-8715-0

Newsweek has excerpted five of Woodward's books in cover stories; 60 Minutes has done segments on five; and three have been made into movies.

His latest book, The Price of Politics, went on sale September 11, 2012. It shows how close President Barack Obama and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives John Boehner were to defying Washington odds and establishing a spending framework that included both new revenues and major changes to long-sacred entitlement programs.[50]

References

  1. ^ Roy J. Harris, Jr., Pulitzer's Gold, 2007, p. 233, Columbia: University of Missouri Press, ISBN 978-0-8262-4.
  2. ^ "Phi Gamma Delta – Famous Fijis – education". Phigam.org. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  3. ^ Ben Bradlee, A Good Life, 1995, pp. 12–13, New York: Simon and Schuster, ISBN 0-684-80894-3. See also pp. 324–384.
  4. ^ David Gergen, Eyewitness to Power, 2000, p. 71, New York: Simon and Schuster, ISBN 0-684-82663-1.
  5. ^ James Thomas Flexner. "The Pulitzer Prizes | Awards". Pulitzer.org. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  6. ^ "The Pulitzer Prizes | Citation". Pulitzer.org. March 3, 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  7. ^ Felicity Barringer, “Pulitzers Focus on Sept. 11, and The Times Wins 7”, The New York Times, April 9, 2002, p. A20., [1]
  8. ^ Strachota, Madeline. "Woodward to receive 2012 Lovejoy award". The Colby Echo. Retrieved Nove 11, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  9. ^ Fred Barnes, “The White House at War,” The Weekly Standard, December 12, 9002, [2]
  10. ^ Bob Schieffer, “The Best Reporter of All Time,” CBS News, April 18, 2004, [3]
  11. ^ "The War Within" page 443
  12. ^ "Interview with Bob Woodward". PBS Frontline. February 21, 2007. Retrieved September 16, 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  13. ^ YouTube – Authors@Google: Bob Woodward
  14. ^ "Testifying in the CIA Leak Case". washingtonpost.com. November 16, 2005. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  15. ^ Jay Rosen, "Murray Waas Is Our Woodward Now", PressThink (blog), April 9, 2006, accessed June 21, 2007
  16. ^ a b Woodward, Bob (2/22/13). "Obama's sequester deal-changer". The Washington Post. The Washington Post. Retrieved February 28, 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Blake, Aaron (2/28/13). "Bob Woodward: White House said I would 'regret' it if I pursued the story". The Washington Post. The Washington Post. Retrieved February 28, 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ Hannity Fox News 2/28/2013 transcript, timestamp 20:18 to 20:19
  19. ^ "Watergate journalist Bob Woodward 'threatened' by White House". The Telegraph. Reuters. 2/28/13. Retrieved February 28, 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ a b "Bob Woodward says he was threatened by White House". CNN Political Ticker. CNN. 2/27/13. Retrieved 28 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Allen, Mike; Vandehei, Jim (2/27/13). "Woodward at war". Behind The Curtain. Politico.com. Retrieved 28 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ http://www.politico.com/story/2013/02/woodward-at-war-88212.html?hp=t1_3
  23. ^ Conservatives Regret Taking Woodward’s ‘Threat’ Story Seriously
  24. ^ Fournier, Ron (February 28, 2013). "Why Bob Woodward's Fight With The White House Matters to You". National Journal. Retrieved 1 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  25. ^ Rubin, Jennifer (February 28, 2013). "The Obama White House and the media". Right Turn. The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  26. ^ Farhi, Paul (February 28, 2013). "Woodward vs. White House: Washington at its weirdest". Style. The Washington Post. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  27. ^ Hannity Fox News 2/28/2013 transcript, timestamp 20:18 to 20:19
  28. ^ Nicholas von Hoffman, “Unasked Questions,” The New York Review of Books, June 10, 1976, Vol. 23, Number 10.
  29. ^ Michael Massing, “Sitting on Top of the News,” The New York Review of Books, June 27, 1991, Vol. 38, Number 12.
  30. ^ Joan Didion, “The Deferential Spirit,” The New York Review of Books, September 19, 1996, Vol. 43, Number 14.
  31. ^ Richard Harwood, “Deconstructing Bob Woodward,” The Washington Post, September 6, 1996, P.A23.
  32. ^ "FindLaw's Writ – Dean: Why The Revelation of the Identity Of Deep Throat Has Only Created Another Mystery". Writ.news.findlaw.com. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  33. ^ http://www.lpatrickgrayiii.com/watergate.html
  34. ^ http://www.lpatrickgrayiii.com/watergate03.html
  35. ^ "Why Oh Why Can't We Have a Better Press Corps? (Yet Another New Republic Edition) – Grasping Reality with All Six Feet". Delong.typepad.com. October 1, 2006. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  36. ^ Frum, David (February 13, 2003). "On the West Wing – The New York Review of Books". Nybooks.com. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  37. ^ "Bob Woodward". Salon. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  38. ^ Letter From Washington: Woodward vs. Tenet: Reporting & Essays: The New Yorker
  39. ^ Roberts, Steven (October 1, 1987). "Reagan Sees 'Fiction' in Book on C.I.A. Chief". New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
  40. ^ McManus, Doyle (October 11, 1987). "Casey and Woodward: Who Used Whom?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
  41. ^ Kinkaid, Cliff (June 3, 2005). "Was Mark Felt Really Deep Throat?". Accuracy In Media. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
  42. ^ Black, Conrad (April 21, 2011). "The Long History of Media Bias". National Review Online. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
  43. ^ Kurtz, Howard (May 2, 2007). "Ronald Reagan, In His Own Words". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
  44. ^ [4] Frum, David, "David Frum's Diary" blog, at the National Review Online Web site, October 5, 2006, 11:07 a.m. post "Blogging Woodward (4)", accessed same day
  45. ^ Widmer, Ted (April 28, 2004). "'Plan of Attack': All the President's Mentors". The New York Times. Retrieved September 25, 2009. [dead link]
  46. ^ Bob Woodward’s Moonlighting – By Ken Silverstein (Harper's Magazine)
  47. ^ David Broder’s and Bob Woodward’s Lame Alibis – By Ken Silverstein (Harper's Magazine)
  48. ^ Howell, Deborah (June 22, 2008). "When Speech Isn't Free". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
  49. ^ http://www.whitepages.com/search/FindPerson?firstname_begins_with=1&firstname=Bob&name=Woodward&where=Washington,+D.C.
  50. ^ Green, Miranda. "Speed Read: Juiciest Bits From Bob Woodward's Book 'Price of Politics'". The Daily Beast. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
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