List of armed factions in the Syrian Civil War: Difference between revisions
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| 15,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ar.pukcc.org/index.php/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86/item/12512-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7-15-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9 |title=صالح مسلم: لدينا 15 الف مقاتل من وحدات الحماية الشعبية |publisher=Ar.pukcc.org |date= |accessdate=2013-11-04}}</ref>–40,000<ref>[http://www.iede.co.uk/news/2013_3209/kurds-build-bridges-last Kurds Build Bridges At Last]</ref> |
| 15,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ar.pukcc.org/index.php/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86/item/12512-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7-15-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9 |title=صالح مسلم: لدينا 15 الف مقاتل من وحدات الحماية الشعبية |publisher=Ar.pukcc.org |date= |accessdate=2013-11-04}}</ref>–40,000<ref>[http://www.iede.co.uk/news/2013_3209/kurds-build-bridges-last Kurds Build Bridges At Last]</ref> |
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| Kurdish group |
| Main Kurdish group |
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| [[Democratic socialism]]<br>[[Kurdish nationalism]]<br>Kurdish [[autonomy]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Davies, Wyre|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-19021766|title=Crisis in Syria emboldens country's Kurds|work=BBC|date=27 July 2012|accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref> |
| [[Democratic socialism]]<br>[[Kurdish nationalism]]<br>Kurdish [[autonomy]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Davies, Wyre|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-19021766|title=Crisis in Syria emboldens country's Kurds|work=BBC|date=27 July 2012|accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref> |
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| 1,500<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/07/world/middleeast/syrias-kurds-try-to-balance-security-and-alliances.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1& Syria's Kurds Try to Balance Security and Alliances]</ref> |
| 1,500<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/07/world/middleeast/syrias-kurds-try-to-balance-security-and-alliances.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1& Syria's Kurds Try to Balance Security and Alliances]</ref> |
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| Alliance of Kurdish groups |
| Alliance of Kurdish groups led by [[Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria|KDP-S]] |
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| [[Kurdish nationalism]]<br>Kurdish [[autonomy]]<br>[[Liberal democracy]] |
| [[Kurdish nationalism]]<br>Kurdish [[autonomy]]<br>[[Liberal democracy]] |
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| 7,000<ref>[http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/11082013 Kurdish Commander: Jihadi Groups in Syria Have Hijacked FSA - See more at: http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/11082013#sthash.CxfldRgp.dpuf]</ref> |
| 7,000<ref>[http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/11082013 Kurdish Commander: Jihadi Groups in Syria Have Hijacked FSA - See more at: http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/11082013#sthash.CxfldRgp.dpuf]</ref> |
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| Ex-Free Syrian Army |
| Ex-Free Syrian Army brigade |
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|Sunni [[Islamism]] |
|Sunni [[Islamism]] |
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Pro-Kurdish rights |
Pro-Kurdish rights |
Revision as of 14:55, 7 November 2013
This article is missing information about Error: you must specify what information is missing..(July 2013) |
This is a list of armed groups in the Syrian civil war.
Generic list
Main confict (2011-present)
Note:
- The United States, the United Kingdom and France allegedly attempt to avoid providing military support to groups with allegiance to al-Qaeda or who subscribe to jihadist ideology. Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, however, support the rebels and jihadists.
- Al-Qaeda in this conflict usually refers to the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (which is a direct branch of al-Qaeda) and the Al-Nusra Front (which has sworn allegiance to Ayman al-Zawahiri, the leader of al-Qaeda).
- None of the rebel groups are known to be at war with other rebel groups - except for the Kurdish rebels, which are at war with the main opposition. However, there have been clashes between some groups. Ghuraba al-Sham (moderate) has clashed with Al-Nusra Front and Al-Tawhid Brigade of the Syrian Islamic Liberation Front.[39][40] The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria has clashed with the Free Syrian Army.[33] The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria has fought the Nusra Front.[62] The Syrian Kurdish Democratic Union has clashed with the People's Protection Units.[63]
- The Free Syrian Army is often an umbrella term, meaning many sub-groups claim to be part of a larger group (such as the Syrian Islamic Liberation Front) as well as part of the Free Syrian Army.
- It is estimated[by whom?] that there are 100,000 rebel fighters.[3] The Islamic coalition estimates that its forces represent 75% of the rebels.[1]
- The Kurdish National Council has joined the Syrian National Coalition —though without officially committing any military forces to the opposition— while simultaneously retaining its membership in the Kurdish Supreme Council alongside the PYD.[64]
Spillover in Lebanon (2011-present)
See: Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon, Lebanese–Syrian border clashes and Battle of Sidon (2013)
Turkish clashes (2011-2013)
See: 2012 Syrian–Turkish border clashes, 2013 Reyhanlı bombings and June 2012 interception of Turkish aircraft
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Spillover in the Israeli occupied areas of Syria and alleged Israeli airstrikes (2012-present)
See: Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–present), January 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrike, May 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrikes and July 2013 Latakia explosion
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Spillover in Jordan (2012)
See: October 2012 Jordanian–Syrian border clash
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Spillover in Iraq (2013)
See: Akashat ambush and Operation al-Shabah
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Detailed list
Syrian government and allies
Name | Leader | Involved since | Strength | Description | Ideology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Syrian Armed Forces | Bashar al-Assad | March 2011 | 200,000 (by Nov 2011) 110,000 (by April 2013) |
Government's primary military force. | Ba'athism |
Shabiha | Fawaz al-Assad Munzer al-Assad[67] |
March 2011 | 10,000 | Pro-government Alawite militia, designated by the US as a terrorist group. | |
Hezbollah | Hassan Nasrallah | April 2013 | 2,000[68] | Militant group based in Lebanon, designated by the US as a terrorist group. | Ideology of Hezbollah |
Free Syrian Army, allies and co-belligerents
Name | Leader | Involved since | Strength | Description | Ideology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Free Syrian Army | Salim Idris | July 2011 | 80,000[69] | Main opposition group. Initially an umbrella term for defected Syrian soldiers, later became more organized. | Unclear; diverse |
Al-Nusra Front | Abu Mohammad al-Golani[70] | January 2012 | 7,000[71]-15,000[72] | Designated by the US as a terrorist group. Pledged allegiance to Al-Qaeda. | Sunni Islamism Salafist jihadism Islamic fundamentalism |
Fatah al-Islam | April 2012 | 200 | Lebanese al-Qaeda affiliate. | Islamism Takfiri Salafist Jihadism | |
Ahfad al-Rasul Brigade | Ziad Haj Obaid[31] | July 2012 | 15,000[73] | An independent brigade. | |
Syrian Islamic Liberation Front | Ahmed Eissa al-Sheikh[37] | September 2012 | 35,000–40,000[69] | A coalition of Islamist rebel brigades. | Sunni Islamism |
Syrian Islamic Front | Hassan Aboud [74] | December 2012 | 13,000[73]–25,000[69] | A Salafist umbrella organisation of Islamist rebel groups. | Salafism Jihadism Sunni Islamism |
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria | Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi | Spring 2013 | 2,500[75] | Al-Qaeda's branch in Iraq, provided significant support for Al-Nusra Front, designated by the US as a terrorist group. | Sunni Islamism Salafist Jihadism Takfiri |
Ghuraba al-Sham (moderate) | Sheikh Omar | 2011 | 100 | Secular rebel group, all but destroyed by Jihadists. Has no allies; at war with Islamists. | Secularism |
Kurdish Supreme Committee and allies
Name | Leader | Involved since | Strength | Description | Ideology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Union Party | Salih Muslim Muhammad | 2012 | 15,000[76]–40,000[77] | Main Kurdish group | Democratic socialism Kurdish nationalism Kurdish autonomy[78] |
Kurdish National Council | Feysel Yusuf | 2012 | 1,500[79] | Alliance of Kurdish groups led by KDP-S | Kurdish nationalism Kurdish autonomy Liberal democracy |
Jabhat al-Akrad | Hajji Ahmed Kurdi | 2012 | 7,000[80] | Ex-Free Syrian Army brigade | Sunni Islamism
Pro-Kurdish rights |
Rebel coalitions
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Sub-groups
Location and strength in brackets
Shabiha branches
Free Syrian Army branches
Note: The Free Syrian Army is an umbrella term, consisting mostly of groups that have allegiance to the Syrian National Council. This list contains only groups that have only claimed to be part of the Free Syrian Army. If they have allegiance to another group, as well as being in the Free Syrian Army, they are listed in the other group's branches.
Free Syrian Army
Syrian Martyrs' Brigade (Idlib province)[85] (7,000-12,000)
- File:Syrian Turkmen Brigades flag.png Syrian Turkmen Brigades[86] (10,000)
National Unity Brigades (Kataib al-Wihda al-Wataniya)[87] (2,000) [88]
Ammar bin Yassir battalion (Idlib province)[89]
Hamzah Al-Khateeb battalion (Idlib city)
Al-Furqan battalion (Idlib province)[90]
Harmoush battalion (Idlib province)[91]
Martyrs Ma'arat Nu'man battalion (Idlib province)[92]
Shield of Islam battalion (Idlib province)[93]
Salaheddine Al-Ayoubi battalion (Jisr ash-Shugur)
Qashoush battalion (Hama city)[94]
Aboul Fidaa battalion (Hama province)
Saad Bin Moaz battalion (Hama province)
Ahrar Souriya (Free Men of Syria) Brigade [88]
Moawiyah Bin Abi Sufian (Damascus city)
Houriyeh battalion (Aleppo city)
Ababeel battalion (Aleppo province)
Lions of Shahba battalion (Aleppo province)[95]
Saad Allah Al-Jabiri battalion (Aleppo province)[96]
Omari battalion (Daraa/Hauran)
Sultan Pasha Al-Atrash battalion (As-Suwayda)
Qassam battalion (Jableh)
Suqur battalion (Latakia)
Samer Nunu battalion (Baniyas)
Mishaal Tammo battalion (Qamishli)
Odai Al-Tayi battalion (Hasakah)
Omar Ibn al-Khattab battalion (Deir ez-Zor city)[97]
Moaz Al-Raqad battalion (Deir ez-Zor province)
Osoud al Sunna Brigade (Deir ez-Zor province)
Zi Qar Brigade (Deir ez-Zor province)
Al Moata Brigade (Deir ez-Zor province)
Allahu Akbar battalion (Abu Kamal)
Dawn of Freedom battalion (Homs province)
Bakkour battalion (Homs province)[98]
Ramy Al-Sayeed battalion (Homs province)[99]
Rijal al Umma Brigade (Homs province)
Tel Kalakh Martyrs’ battalion (Homs province)
Ahmad Nayif Al-Sukhni battalion (Ar-Raqqah)
Abu Obeidah bin Al-Jarrah battalion (Damascus province)
Souqour Dimashq battalion (Damascus city)
Jesus Christ brigade[102]
Saint George battalion[103]
Liwaa al-Umma
Ansar Brigade
19th Division
Northern Storm Brigade
Syrian Islamic Liberation Front branches
Syrian Islamic Liberation Front
Farouq Brigades (14,000-20,000)
Suqour al-Sham Brigade[104] (9,000-12,000) [88] (more fundamentalist than other SILF brigades, cooperates closely with SIF and al-Qaida groups)[105]
Liwa al-Islam (10,000)
Al-Tawhid Brigade (3,500-10,000)
Liwa al-Fath, Battalion of Conquest, (Aleppo) [88]
Deir ez-Zor Revolutionary Council
Tajamo Ansar al-Islam
Amr Ibn al-Aas Brigade
al-Naser Salaheddin Brigade[109]
Liwa Dawud[110]
Hawks Sham brigades
Farouq Islamic Brigades
Banner of Islam
Unification Brigade
Council Rebels of Deir ez-Zor
Furqan Brigade (Damascus)
Al-Quneitra Furqan Brigade
Hamza al-Ansar Brigade
Ahrar al-Shamal Brigades (Idlib province, Hama province)[111][112]
Ebad Idlib Ma'arrat of Rahman al-Nu'man Brigade
Open Brigade (Aleppo)
Brigade of Homs (Homs)
Mohammed bin Abdullah Brigade (Homs)
Return of the Martyr Ahmed Battalion (Homs)
National Liberation Movement (Homs)
Household Brigade (Hama)
Brigades of God (Lattakia)
Izz ibn Abd al-Salam Brigades (Lattakia)
Council of Banias (Tartous)
Tartous Military (Tartous)[113]
Syrian Islamic Front branches
Ahrar ash-Sham (10,000-20,000)
Al-Haqq Brigade
Al-Fajr Islamic Movement
Ansar al-Sham
Jaysh al-Tawhid
Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib Brigade
Haqq Battalions Gathering
Islamic Vanguard Group
Islamic Dawn Movement
Fighting Faith Battalions
Moussaab bin Omeir Battalion
Suqour al-Islam Battalions
Special Assignments Companies[114]
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria branches
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
Al-Qaeda in Iraq[115][116] (2,500)
Jaish al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar[117] (1,000)
Jeish al-Taiifa al-Mansoura
Authenticity and Development Front branches
Authenticity and Development Front
Southern Front
Northern Front
Western Front
First Brigade
Brigade of the Martyr Hamza al-Khatib
Brigade of the Martyr Riyad Abdeen
Central Front
Eastern Front
Independent or non-affiliated groups
Ahfad al-Rasul Brigade (7,000-9,000) [29][88]
Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade [88]
See also
- Syrian civil war
- Foreign rebel fighters in the Syrian civil war
- Russia's role in the Syrian civil war
- Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
References
- ^ a b "Largest Syrian rebel groups form Islamic alliance, in possible blow to U.S. influence". Washington Post. 25 September 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Insight: Saudi Arabia boosts Salafist rivals to al Qaeda in Syria". Reuters. 1 October 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ^ a b Kelley, Michael (19 September 2013). "A full extremist-to-moderate spectrum of the 100,000 Syrian rebels". Business Insider. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ^ Saeed Kamali Dehghan (28 May 2012). "Syrian army being aided by Iranian forces". The Guardian.
- ^ Daftari, Lisa (28 August 2012). "Iranian general admits 'fighting every aspect of a war' in defending Syria's Assad". Fox News.
- ^ "State Dept. official: Iranian soldiers are fighting for Assad in Syria". Washington Post. 21 May 2013.
- ^ Neriah, Jacques (29 May 2013). "Iranian forces on the Golan?". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
- ^ Gold, Dore (9 June 2013). "The Arab world fears the 'Safavid'". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
- ^ Gordon, Michael R. & Myers, Steven Lee (21 May 2013). "Iran and Hezbollah support for Syria complicates peace-talk strategy". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Rockets hit south Beirut after Hezbollah vows Syria victory". Reuters. 26 May 2013 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ "Syria rebels clash with army, Palestinian fighters". Agence France-Presse. 31 October 2012.
- ^ "Report: Yemen Houthis fighting for Assad in Syria". Jerusalem Post. 31 May 2013 2012.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ al-Salhy, Suadad (10 April 2013). "Iraqi Shi'ite militants start to acknowledge role in Syria". Reuters. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ^ a b Omar al-Jaffal Contributor, Iraq Pulse. "Iraqi Shiites Join Syria War - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Liakos, Panagiotis (29 September 2013). "Syria: Greek Nationalist Socialists fighting with Assad's regime far more dangerous than Golden Dawn". Anarkismo. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Mujeeb, Ahmed Wali (12 July 2013). "Pakistan Taliban 'sets up a base in Syria'". BBC. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Holmes, Oliver & Dziadosz, Alexander (19 June 2013). "Special report: Syria's Islamists seize control as moderates dither". Reuters. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Warring Syrian rebel groups abduct each other's members". Times of Israel. 18 May 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
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{{cite news}}
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Syria conflict: UK to give extra £5m to opposition groups". BBC. 10 August 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
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- ^ "Clashes Break Out Between Kurdish Groups In Syria". Al Monitor. 04 April 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ "PYD Leader Skeptical of Kurdish Agreement With Syrian Opposition". Rudaw.net. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
- ^ "Tripoli clashes intensify as Eid declares all-out battle and Kabbara demands his arrest". Naharnet. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
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- ^ a b c "Freedom fighters? Cannibals? The truth about Syria's rebels". Independent. 17 June 2013.
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- ^ a b The Structure and Organization of the Syrian Opposition
- ^ "The crowning of the Syrian Islamic Front". Foreign Policy. 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2013-06-27.
- ^ Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Iraq, In depth, Continued armed conflict after USA's troop withdrawal from Iraq, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=77®ionSelect=10-Middle_East#
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- ^ Kurds Build Bridges At Last
- ^ Davies, Wyre (27 July 2012). "Crisis in Syria emboldens country's Kurds". BBC. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
- ^ Syria's Kurds Try to Balance Security and Alliances
- ^ Kurdish Commander: Jihadi Groups in Syria Have Hijacked FSA - See more at: http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/11082013#sthash.CxfldRgp.dpuf
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{{cite web}}
: External link in
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- ^ "Rebel groups work to contain Kurd-Arab, intra-Kurd tensions". November 1, 2012.
- ^ Williams, Lauren (1 November 2012). "Rebel groups work to contain Kurd-Arab, intra-Kurd tensions". Mesop. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
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- ^ Lund, Aron (5 October 2012). "Holy warriors". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
- ^ "Syria's moderate rebels wane as extremist forces dominate". 31 July 2013.
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- ^ DIY Weapons In Syria. Retrieved on 2013-10-29.
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- ^ Karouni, Mariam & Holmes, Oliver (12 July 2013). "New front opens in Syria as rebels say al-Qaeda attack means war". Reuters. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Roggio, Bill (28 May 2013). "Chechen commander forms 'Army of Emigrants,' integrates Syrian groups". Retrieved 19 June 2013.