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|birth_date= September 20, 1891
|birth_date= September 20, 1891
|birth_place={{flagicon|Sicily}} [[Bagheria]], [[Sicily]], [[Italy]]
|birth_place=[[Bagheria]], [[Sicily]], [[Italy]]
|death_date={{death date|1930|10|23|mf=y}}
|death_date={{death date|1930|10|23|mf=y}}
|death_place={{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], [[United States|U.S.]]
|death_place=[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], [[United States|U.S.]]
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Revision as of 20:45, 18 December 2014

Giuseppe Aiello
BornSeptember 20, 1891
Bagheria, Sicily, Italy
Died(1930-10-23)October 23, 1930
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.

Giuseppe "Joe" Aiello (1891 – October 23, 1930) was a Chicago bootlegger and organized crime leader during the Prohibition era. The leader of his own Sicilian Mafia family, he was best known for his long and bloody feud with Chicago Outfit boss Al Capone. Aiello masterminded several unsuccessful attempts to assassinate Capone, and fought against his former business partner Antonio Lombardo, a Capone ally, for control of the Chicago branch of the Unione Siciliana benevolent society.

Aiello and fellow gangster Bugs Moran are believed to have arranged the murder of Lombardo, which directly led Capone to organize the St. Valentine's Day Massacre in retaliation. Aiello took control of the Unione Siciliana in 1929, and the next year ranked seventh[citation needed] on the Chicago Crime Commission's list of top "public enemies". He was killed after Capone gunmen ambushed him as he exited a Chicago apartment building, shooting him 59 times.

Early life

Born in Bagheria, Sicily to father Carlo Sr., Aiello was part of a large and impoverished family of at least nine other brothers and multiple cousins. His mother died when he was a child.[1] Aiello is an ancestor of Bonanno crime family mobster Antonino Aiello and Bonanno crime family street soldier Anthony Aiello.[citation needed] In July 1907, at age 17,[2] Aiello immigrated to the United States to join family members already residing there. After arriving New York City by boat, Aiello worked a series of menial jobs in Buffalo and Utica, New York, before connecting with his father, brothers and cousins in Chicago. The family set up several businesses in both New York and Chicago, including the financially successful Aiello Brothers Bakery, and they become importers of such groceries as olive oil, cheeses, and sugar.[1]

Aiello was the co-owner of a cheese importing business alongside a fellow Sicilian, Anthony "Tony the Scourge" Lombardo, an ally of organized crime figure Al Capone. With the enactment of Prohibition and startup of bootlegging, the sugar import business brought Aiello into contact with organized crime, along with his brothers Dominick, Antonio, Andrew,[3] and Carlo.[4] In Chicago, they made a small fortune selling sugar and other home-cooked alcohol components to the Genna crime family,[1] and Aiello earned enough money to buy a three-story mansion in Rogers Park. But Aiello craved recognition and prestige in addition to money,[1] something he was gaining as he was becoming known as the organized crime boss of Chicago.[3] When the Genna family lost power in Chicago following gang wars, the Aiellos believed themselves the successors of their territory.[4][5]

Feud begins with Al Capone

In November 1925, Lombardo was named head of the Unione Siciliana, a Sicilian-American benevolent society that had been corrupted by gangsters. An infuriated Aiello, who had wanted the position himself, believed Capone was responsible for Lombardo's ascension, and he resented the non-Sicilian Capone's attempts to manipulate affairs within the Unione.[1][6] Aiello severed all personal and business ties with Lombardo and entered into a feud with him and Capone,[1][7] essentially ending a Chicago gang peace treaty that had been achieved since the 1926 murder of Capone rival Hymie Weiss came to an end.[7] Aiello allied himself with several other Capone enemies, including Dean O'Banion,[8][9] and the trio of Billy Skidmore, Barney Bertsche and Jack Zuta, who ran vice and gambling houses together,[10][11] although they became less receptive to Aiello after Capone personally approached and threatened Skidmore.[1] While newspapers falsely reported that Aiello had also entered into an active alliance with George "Bugs" Moran and his North Side Gang at this time, Moran in fact pledged no specific support to Aiello until later,[1][12] and instead privately supported Aiello from the sidelines without actively participating.[13]

Aiello plotted to eliminate both Lombardo and Capone, and starting in the spring of 1927 made several unsuccessful attempts to assassinate Capone.[7] On one occasion, Aiello offered money to the chef of Diamond Joe Esposito's Bella Napoli Café, Capone's favorite restaurant, to put prussic acid in Capone's and Lombardo's soup; reports indicated he offered anywhere between $10,000 and $35,000.[1][3] Instead, the chef exposed the plot to Capone,[7][14] who responded by dispatching men to destroy one of Aiello's stores on West Division Street with machine gun fire.[7] More than 200 bullets were fired into the Aiello Brothers Bakery on May 28, 1927, wounding Joe's brother Antonio.[1] During the summer and autumn of 1927, a number of hitmen hired by Aiello to murder Capone were themselves slain. Among them were Anthony Russo and Vincent Spicuzza, who Aiello had offered $25,000 each to kill Capone and Lombardo.[7] Aiello eventually offered a $50,000 reward to anyone who killed Capone.[3][7] At least 10 gunman tried to collect on Aiello's bounty but ended up dead.[1] Capone ally Ralph Sheldon attempted to kill both Capone and Lombardo for Aiello's reward, but Capone henchman Frank Nitti's intelligence network learned of the transaction and had Sheldon non-fatally shot in front of a West Side hotel.[10]

Gang war with Capone escalates

In November 1927, Aiello organized machine gun ambushes across from Lombardo's home and a cigar store frequented by Capone, but those plans were foiled after an anonymous tip led police to raid several addresses and arrest Milwaukee gunman Angelo La Mantio and four other Aiello gunmen. After the police discovered receipts for the apartments in La Mantio's pockets, he confessed that Aiello had hired him to kill Capone and Lombardo, La Mantio, leading the police to arrest Aiello himself and bring him to the South Clark Street police station.[10][15] Upon learning of the arrest, Capone dispatched nearly two dozen gunmen to stand guard outside the station and await Aiello's release.[10][16] The men made no attempt to publicly conceal their purpose there, and reporters and photographers rushed to the scene to observe Aiello's expected murder.[14] Capone gunmen Frank Perry, Sam Marcus and Louis "Little New York" Campagna, were arrested as they tried to enter the front of the station and were placed in the cell next to Aiello, who Campagna told, "You're dead, friend, dead. You won't get up to the end of the street still walking".[15][16] Aiello pleaded for mercy and promised to sell his possessions and leave Chicago with his family if they let him go, but Campagna refused the request.[10][16] When released, Aiello was given a police escort out of the station, and he later failed to make a court appearance after his attorney claimed he suffered a nervous breakdown.[10] Aiello disappeared with some of family members to Trenton, New Jersey, where he continued his campaign against Capone and Lombardo.[15]

Aiello's brother Dominick returned to Chicago in January 1928 to attend to family matters while his brother remained in New Jersey. One day he received a telephone call warning him to leave town,[15] after which the Aiello Brothers Bakery was shot up by gunmen.[15][11] Aiello briefly allied himself with former Capone employer and friend Frankie Yale, meeting with him regularly in New York City and plotting Capone's overthrow, until Yale was murdered.[17] Aiello was said to have fled to Wisconsin under the protection of the Milwaukee crime family,[18] and also briefly took refuge in Buffalo with his ally there, crime family boss Stefano Magaddino.[19] With Aiello still in hiding, Capone started targeting Aiello's men and killed several over the next few years,[20][21] including his brother Dominick.[20] Aiello returned to Chicago in the summer of 1928 and once again approached Moran, whose relationship with Capone had degenerated even further, making him much more receptive to an active alliance with Aiello.[22] They conspired to eliminate Lombardo, a task they assigned to hitmen Frank "Tight Lips" and Peter Gusenberg. Lombardo was shot to death on a busy Chicago street on September 7, 1928, and although never arrested, the Gusenberg brothers remain suspects in the killing.[citation needed] After Lombardo's death, Aiello attempted to elevate his ally Peter Rizzito to the Unione Siciliana position, but Rizzito was killed by shotgun blasts outside his home.[23] Aiello was later due to discuss the Unione position a mob meeting at the Statler Hotel in Cleveland on December 5, 1928, but instead, Aiello allegedly informed the police of the meeting, leading to the arrest of 23 apparent mob figures, including such notables as Joe Profaci and Joseph Magliocco.[citation needed]

Rise to Unione Siciliana leader

Aiello was also believed to have masterminded the murder of Pasqualino "Patsy" Lolordo, Lombardo's successor as head of the Unione, who was killed on January 8, 1929. With Aiello's position still unknown, Capone focused his retaliation against Moran by organizing the St. Valentine's Day Massacre,[24] a hit that wiped out the Gusenberg brothers, decimated Moran's forces and resulted in the loss of significant amount of Aiello's support. Shortly afterward, Aiello persuaded Capone killers Albert Anselmi and John Scalise to betray their employer, and convinced Joseph "Hop Toad" Giunta, the new head of the Unione Siciliana, Joseph "Hop Toad" Giunta, to support Aiello in eliminating Capone and taking control of the North Side of Chicago following the departure of Bugs Moran. But Capone learned of Aiello's plot in April 1929 and killed all three men.[25][26]

The violent retaliation against Aiello indirectly led him to finally become head of the Unione.[26][27] During a conference in Atlantic City, numerous mob bosses supported Aiello's promotion with the hopes of restoring order in Chicago, and Capone apparently accepted the decision, at least temporarily.[26] Retired Chicago mob boss Johnny Torrio was said to have mediated a peace agreement between Capone, Aiello and Moran, in which they agreed to end the gang warfare and murders.[26][28] But Aiello's accession coincided with Capone serving a year in prison for carrying a concealed weapon, which Aiello saw as an opportunity to take control of some of Capone's territory and scheme yet again for his assassination.[5][29] Aiello gained a measure of nationwide notoriety around this time after ranking seventh[citation needed] on Chicago Crime Commission Chairman Frank J. Loesch's "public enemies" list, released in April 1930, which identified the top 28 people he saw as corrupting Chicago.[30]

Through his Mafia boss allies Magaddino and Gaspar Milazzo, Aiello arranged a meeting with Joe Masseria, the capo di tutti capi based in New York City, seeking support in Aiello's efforts against Capone.[8] During the meeting, Masseria offered to support Aiello in exchange for control of the east side of Chicago, which would allow Aiello to keep the city's west side. The offer infuriated Aiello, who threatened Masseria and ordered him to leave the city. In turn, Masseria spread false rumors that Aiello attempted to kill Masseria, giving him a pretext to support Capone in retaliation.[31] Mafioso Joseph Bonanno later described as a key incident in starting the Castellammarese War in New York City.[31][32] Masseria openly supported Capone, requiring a strong alliance with him following the death of Masseria ally Giuseppe Morello.[8] He also offered territory to Milazzo if he betrayed Aiello, an offer Milazzo rebuffed and considered insulting.[31][32] As a result, Aiello backed Salvatore Maranzano in the Castellammarese War, providing the Maranzano forces with $5,000 a week for their war chest.[3][33]

During the early months of 1930, Aiello arranged several unsuccessful assassination attempts against Capone bodyguards, including Jack McGurn, Phil D'Andrea and Rocco De Grazia. Aiello hoped to leave Capone vulnerable by depleting his security, and Capone began to suspect Aiello had spies within the Chicago Outfit because he seemed to have inside knowledge about where his targets would be and when.[34]

Death

In 1930, upon learning of Aiello's continued plotting against him, Capone resolved to finally eliminate him.[3] In the weeks before Aiello's death, Capone's men tracked him to Rochester, New York, where he had connections through Magaddino, and plotted to murder him there, but Aiello returned to Chicago before the plot could be executed.[18] Aiello, angst-ridden from the constant need to hide out and the killings of several of his men,[35] had set up residence in the Chicago apartment of Unione Siciliana treasurer Pasquale "Presto" Prestogiacomo at 205 North Kolmar Avenue.[3][36] He rarely left the apartment, but his wife and child occasionally visited him, and Frank Nitti biographer Mars Eghigian Jr. theorized that Capone's forces located Aiello by tracking his family members.[35] Men who gave the names Morris Friend and Henry Jacobson rented rooms in an apartment across the street overlooking Prestogiacomo's apartment building and began observing Aiello.[35] On October 23, Aiello made plans to permanently leave Chicago and apparently move to Mexico.[3][35] Upon leaving Prestogiacomo's building to enter a taxicab, a gunman in a second-floor window across the street started firing at Aiello with a submachine gun.[3][36] Aiello was said to have been shot at least 13 times before toppled off the building steps and moving around the corner,[37] out of the line of fire. But he moved directly into the range of a second submachine gun nest on the third floor of another apartment block.[3][36] Aiello was gunned down, and later taken to Garfield Park Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. The coroner eventually removed 59 bullets, weighing over a pound, from the body.[3] He was shot more times than any single victim of the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.[35] A third machine gun nest, which was ultimately not used, was later discovered by police in another nearby building, whih had been rented a week before the murder by a man who gave the name Lon Celespe.[36]

Chicago detectives believed Capone was behind Aiello's killing and that the precision machine gun ambush was typical of his attacks, although at least one press story at the time speculated Moran could have been behind the hit.[35] Prestogiacomo was arrested as an accessory before the fact of Aiello's murder, and ordered that the same charge be filed against John Sorce, an employee of Aiello's importing company. Police detectives claimed Prestogiacomo was not cooperative with police and told lies about his relationship with Aiello.[36] Frank Nitti was wanted by police for questioning in connection with the murder.[38] Some historians later suggested Mafia forces outside of Chicago may have been behind the hit as part of the Castellammarese War, but Virgil Peterson, an expert on Chicago organized crime, believed the murder was strictly related to city gang warfare.[32] Aiello's family ordered an $11,000 coffin for him.[36] Before eventually being placed in Riverside Cemetery in Rochester, New York, Aiello was originally buried in Mount Carmel Cemetery in Chicago on October 29, 1930, close to former friend-turned-rival Lombardo. Aiello's funeral lacked the show of many organized crime funerals of the age, as the cars filled with mourners and police on motorcycles who started the trip from Aiello's home disappeared before reaching the cemetery. Besides the hearse, all that remained of the procession was a car containing Aiello's widow Catherine and three Ford Sedans containing flowers.[citation needed] Aiello's death left Capone effectively unchallenged in his control over Chicago, and brought 70 years of peace to the city in terms of the Chicago Outfit leadership.[39]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Keefe 2005, p. 216.
  2. ^ Critchley 2008, p. 204.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Sifakis 2005, p. 5.
  4. ^ a b "Carlo Aiello is Sought in Old Police Killing". Chicago Tribune. Chicago. June 14, 1928. p. 7.
  5. ^ a b Parr 2005, p. 244
  6. ^ Keefe 2005, p. 216.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Eghigian 2005, p. 135.
  8. ^ a b c Capeci 2005, p. 83
  9. ^ Parr 2005, p. 169
  10. ^ a b c d e f Eghigian 2005, p. 136.
  11. ^ a b "Gang Bullets Again Riddle the Aiello Brothers Bakery". Chicago Tribune. Chicago. January 5, 1928. p. 3.
  12. ^ Keefe 2005, p. 381.
  13. ^ Keefe 2005, p. 218.
  14. ^ a b Lyle, John H. (November 12, 1960). "Chicago in the Capone Era: a City in Chains". Chicago Tribune. Chicago. p. 11.
  15. ^ a b c d e Keefe 2005, p. 217.
  16. ^ a b c Sifakis 2005, p. 77.
  17. ^ Keefe 2005, p. 227.
  18. ^ a b Critchley 2008, p. 295.
  19. ^ Bonanno 2003, p. 119–120
  20. ^ a b Eghigian 2005, p. 144.
  21. ^ Eghigian 2005, p. 167.
  22. ^ Keefe 2005, p. 228.
  23. ^ Eghigian 2005, p. 147.
  24. ^ Eghigian 2005, p. 153.
  25. ^ Sifakis 2005, p. 20.
  26. ^ a b c d Eghigian 2005, p. 155.
  27. ^ Keefe 2005, p. 247.
  28. ^ Critchley 2008, p. 142.
  29. ^ Eghigian 2005, p. 173.
  30. ^ Sifakis 2005, p. 370.
  31. ^ a b c Bonanno 2003, p. 87–88
  32. ^ a b c Critchley 2008, p. 171–172
  33. ^ Critchley 2008, p. 179.
  34. ^ Parr 2005, p. 245
  35. ^ a b c d e f Eghigian 2005, p. 174.
  36. ^ a b c d e f "3d [sic] Machine Gun Nest is Found in Aiello Killing". Chicago Tribune. Chicago. October 29, 1930. p. 8.
  37. ^ Parr 2005, p. 258
  38. ^ Eghigian 2005, p. 177.
  39. ^ Capeci 2005, p. 281

Bibliography

Preceded by Unione Siciliane Boss
1929-1930 		Succeeded by
Salvatore Loverde (1930–1931)

Template:Persondata

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