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→‎Nuclear Waste in St. Louis, Missouri: added the section and cites to Mallinckrodt's nuclear mess in St. Louis
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===Early history===
===Early history===
In 1867, the Mallinckrodt brothers, Gustav, Otto and Edward, founded G. Mallinckrodt & Co. in St. Louis, Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = SHSMO-St. Louis s0452 MALLINCKRODT, EDWARD, JR. (1878-1967) | url = http://www.umsl.edu/~whmc/guides/whm0452.htm | publisher = | date = | accessdate = 3 April 2013 }}</ref> Mallinckrodt Chemical Works was incorporated 15 years later. By 1898, the company had established itself as a pharmaceuticals supplier and in 1913 became the first to introduce [[barium sulfate]] as a contrast media for x-rays. The [[Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center]] received contributions from [[Edward C. Mallinckrodt, Jr.]], who headed the firm in the 1940s.
In 1867, the Mallinckrodt brothers, Gustav, Otto and Edward, founded G. Mallinckrodt & Co. in St. Louis, Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = SHSMO-St. Louis s0452 MALLINCKRODT, EDWARD, JR. (1878-1967) | url = http://www.umsl.edu/~whmc/guides/whm0452.htm | publisher = | date = | accessdate = 3 April 2013 }}</ref> Mallinckrodt Chemical Works was incorporated 15 years later. By 1898, the company had established itself as a pharmaceuticals supplier and in 1913 became the first to introduce [[barium sulfate]] as a contrast media for x-rays. The [[Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center]] received contributions from [[Edward C. Mallinckrodt, Jr.]], who headed the firm in the 1940s.

===Nuclear Waste in St. Louis, Missouri===
The company developed a chemical process for purifying large quantities of uranium. Uranium purified by Mallinckrodt was used at the University of Chicago [[Chicago Pile-1]], the first nuclear chain reaction. Mallinckrodt also contributed uranium to the [[Manhattan Project]], producing fissionables used in the atomic weapons detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. From 1942 to 1957, Mallinckrodt purified 50,000 tons of uranium products at various locations in and around the city of [[St. Louis, Missouri]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Schneider|first1=Keith|title=Mountain of Nuclear Waste Splits St. Louis and Suburbs|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/24/us/mountain-of-nuclear-waste-splits-st-louis-and-suburbs-888.html|website=New York Times|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=5 January 2015}}</ref> The waste was secretly and illegally dumped in various St. Louis suburbs, including [[Berkeley, Missouri]], [[Hazelwood, Missouri]], [[Bridgeton, Missouri]], and [[Weldon Spring, Missouri]].

Cleanup efforts are now underway by the Army Corps of Engineers.<ref>{{cite web|title=US Army Corps of Engineers FUSRAP|url=http://www.mvs.usace.army.mil/Missions/CentersofExpertise/FormerlyUtilizedSitesRemedialActionProgram.aspx|website=US Army Corps of Engineers - St. Louis Region|accessdate=5 January 2015}}</ref> Cleanup sites include the St. Louis Downtown Site (SLDS), where uranium was refined; the St. Louis Airport Site (SLAPS), where waste produced at SLDS was stored; the Hazelwood Interim Storage Site (HISS), where waste from SLAPS was improperly relocated; and the St. Louis Airport Site Vicinity Properties (SLAPS VPs), areas where contamination was caused by relocation of waste. Additional nuclear waste was also deposited at the [[West Lake Landfill]], which has now been designated a Superfund site. Various buildings have been decontaminated and demolished and nuclear material has been excavated and shipped out of St. Louis by covered rail as part of the cleanup process, yet more nuclear waste remains in and around St. Louis.


===Recent history===
===Recent history===

Revision as of 22:01, 5 January 2015

Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, based in Dublin, Ireland with U.S. headquarters in St. Louis, Missouri, produces specialty pharmaceutical products including generic drugs and imaging agents.[1]

Mallinckrodt manufactures and distributes products used in diagnostic procedures and in the treatment of pain and related conditions. This includes the development, manufacture and distribution of specialty pharmaceuticals, active pharmaceutical ingredients, contrast products and radiopharmaceuticals. The company employs 5,500 at 47 locations around the world. Net sales were $2 billion in 2011.[2]

Separation from Covidien

In 2011, Covidien announced plans to spin off its pharmaceuticals business into a standalone public company.[3] Mallinckrodt Plc was officially separated as of June 28, 2013. Trading of regular shares of the company’s stock on the New York Stock Exchange began on July 1, 2013, under the ticker symbol MNK.[1]

History

Early history

In 1867, the Mallinckrodt brothers, Gustav, Otto and Edward, founded G. Mallinckrodt & Co. in St. Louis, Missouri.[4] Mallinckrodt Chemical Works was incorporated 15 years later. By 1898, the company had established itself as a pharmaceuticals supplier and in 1913 became the first to introduce barium sulfate as a contrast media for x-rays. The Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center received contributions from Edward C. Mallinckrodt, Jr., who headed the firm in the 1940s.

Nuclear Waste in St. Louis, Missouri

The company developed a chemical process for purifying large quantities of uranium. Uranium purified by Mallinckrodt was used at the University of Chicago Chicago Pile-1, the first nuclear chain reaction. Mallinckrodt also contributed uranium to the Manhattan Project, producing fissionables used in the atomic weapons detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. From 1942 to 1957, Mallinckrodt purified 50,000 tons of uranium products at various locations in and around the city of St. Louis, Missouri.[5] The waste was secretly and illegally dumped in various St. Louis suburbs, including Berkeley, Missouri, Hazelwood, Missouri, Bridgeton, Missouri, and Weldon Spring, Missouri.

Cleanup efforts are now underway by the Army Corps of Engineers.[6] Cleanup sites include the St. Louis Downtown Site (SLDS), where uranium was refined; the St. Louis Airport Site (SLAPS), where waste produced at SLDS was stored; the Hazelwood Interim Storage Site (HISS), where waste from SLAPS was improperly relocated; and the St. Louis Airport Site Vicinity Properties (SLAPS VPs), areas where contamination was caused by relocation of waste. Additional nuclear waste was also deposited at the West Lake Landfill, which has now been designated a Superfund site. Various buildings have been decontaminated and demolished and nuclear material has been excavated and shipped out of St. Louis by covered rail as part of the cleanup process, yet more nuclear waste remains in and around St. Louis.

Recent history

  • 1981 – Mallinckrodt is listed among Fortune 500 companies [7]
  • 1982 – Avon Products, Inc. acquires Mallinckrodt
  • 1986 – International Minerals and Chemical Corporation (IMCERA Group Inc.) acquires Mallinckrodt from Avon
  • 1995 – Mallinckrodt establishes generic pharmaceuticals business
  • 1996 – Mallinckrodt Inc. acquires maker of urology imaging systems and injectors, Liebel-Flarsheim Co.[8]
  • 2000 – Tyco International acquires Mallinckrodt [9]
  • 2007 – Tyco Healthcare spins off and becomes Covidien, an independent company [10] The healthcare business units were spun off under the name Covidien.[11]
  • 2011 – Covidien closes plant in Chesterfield, UK which makes para-aminophenol, with the loss of 64 jobs. This is a former Mallinckrodt site, now owned by Covidien.[citation needed]
  • 2011 – Covidien announces plans to spin off Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals as a standalone public company [12]
  • 2012 – Mallinckrodt announces acquisition of CNS Therapeutics for $100 million [13]
  • 2013 - Mallinckrodt spins off from Covidien and begins trading under ticker symbol MNK [1]
  • 2014 - Acquires Cadence Pharmaceuticals[14] and Questcor Pharmaceuticals;[15] Joins S&P 500[16]

Market

Mallinckrodt markets its products to major wholesalers and retail drug store chains. Imaging products are marketed primarily to physicians, technologists and hospitals, imaging centers, cardiology clinics and radiopharmacies.[2]

Products

Mallinckrodt is the largest U.S. supplier, by prescription, of opioid pain medications and the largest U.S. supplier of the medical isotope technetium-99m. The company is among the top 10 generic pharmaceuticals manufacturers in the United States.[17] The company is also the largest producer of bulk acetaminophen.[18]


References

  1. ^ a b c "http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/cov/profile". Wall Street Journal. 1 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  2. ^ a b "Form 10-K". Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  3. ^ "Covidien to Spin Off Drug Unit - WSJ.com". Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  4. ^ "SHSMO-St. Louis s0452 MALLINCKRODT, EDWARD, JR. (1878-1967)". Retrieved 3 April 2013.
  5. ^ Schneider, Keith. "Mountain of Nuclear Waste Splits St. Louis and Suburbs". New York Times. New York Times. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  6. ^ "US Army Corps of Engineers FUSRAP". US Army Corps of Engineers - St. Louis Region. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  7. ^ "Mallinckrodt: a timeline : Business". Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  8. ^ "TIMELINE: Mallinckrodt over the years - St. Louis Business Journal". Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  9. ^ "Tyco to Buy Mallinckrodt for $3.2 Billion - Los Angeles Times". Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  10. ^ "Tyco Healthcare completes spin-off as Covidien - St. Louis Business Journal". Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  11. ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/reutersEdge/idUSN0237854220070702%7C Reuters press release Mon Jul 2, 2007 4:29pm EDT
  12. ^ "Covidien Spinning Off Drugs Unit to Focus on Pain Management - Bloomberg". Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  13. ^ "Covidien completes $100M CNS Therapeutics deal - Businessweek". Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  14. ^ "http://finance.yahoo.com/news/mallinckrodt-plc-completes-1-4-131200062.html". Yahoo Finance. 19 March. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); External link in |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  15. ^ "http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-07/mallinckrodt-to-buy-questcor-for-5-6-billion.html". Bloomberg. 7 April. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); External link in |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  16. ^ . Yahoo Finance. 14 August. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help); Text "title http://finance.yahoo.com/news/mallinckrodt-set-join-p-500-220700983.html" ignored (help)
  17. ^ "Covidien to spin off pharmaceuticals business - St. Louis Business Journal". Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  18. ^ "Trudeau leads Covidien spinoff, expansion - St. Louis Business Journal". Retrieved 3 April 2013.
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