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Coordinates: 52°26′07″N 173°34′32″E / 52.43528°N 173.57556°E / 52.43528; 173.57556
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'''Agattu''' ({{lang-ale|Angatux̂}}<ref name="Bergsland">{{cite book | first=K. | last=Bergsland | authorlink=Knut Bergsland | year=1994 | title=Aleut Dictionary |publisher=Alaska Native Language Center |location=Fairbanks }}</ref>) is an [[island]] in the [[Near Islands]] in the western end of the [[Aleutian Islands]]. With a land area of {{convert|85.558|sqmi}} Agattu is one of the largest uninhabited islands in the Aleutians. It is the second largest of the Near Islands, after [[Attu Island]]. It is volcanic and considerably mountainous. The treeless island has a [[tundra]]-like terrain which reaches a peak of {{convert|2073|ft}} above sea level. Its length is {{convert|19.7|km|mi|disp=flip}} and width is {{convert|30|km|mi|disp=flip}}.
'''Agattu''' ({{lang-ale|Angatux̂}}<ref name="Bergsland">{{cite book | first=K. | last=Bergsland | authorlink=Knut Bergsland | year=1994 | title=Aleut Dictionary |publisher=Alaska Native Language Center |location=Fairbanks }}</ref>) is an [[island]] in the [[Near Islands]] in the western end of the [[Aleutian Islands]]. With a land area of {{convert|85.558|sqmi}} Agattu is one of the largest uninhabited islands in the Aleutians. It is the second largest of the Near Islands, after [[Attu Island]]. It is volcanic and considerably mountainous. The treeless island has a [[tundra]]-like terrain which reaches a peak of {{convert|2073|ft}} above sea level. Its length is {{convert|19.7|km|mi|disp=flip}} and width is {{convert|30|km|mi|disp=flip}}.


Agattu has seven large seabird colonies, and an estimated population of 66,000 birds. About 1% of the global population of [[red-faced cormorant]]s and [[tufted puffin]]s nest on the island. Other inhabitants include [[rock sandpiper]], [[red-necked phalarope]], [[gray-crowned rosy finch]] and [[snow bunting]].<ref>[http://iba.audubon.org/iba/viewSiteProfile.do?siteId=1008&navSite=state Audubon: Birds & Science<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Aleutian cackling geese]] were reintroduced to the island after foxes were eliminated from the island in the 1970s.<ref>[http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF17/1705.html Ptarmigan pioneers island-hop in Aleutians, Alaska Science Forum<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The elimination of the foxes on the island also made it possible for conservationists to reintroduce the [[Evermann's rock ptarmigan]]. In 2006 there were reports of at least 25 breeding pairs of the ptarmigan on the island.<ref>[http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF18/1830.html Biological clock turned back in western Aleutians<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Agattu has seven large seabird colonies, and an estimated population of 66,000 birds. About 1% of the global population of [[red-faced cormorant]]s and [[tufted puffin]]s nest on the island. Other inhabitants include [[rock sandpiper]], [[red-necked phalarope]], [[gray-crowned rosy finch]] and [[snow bunting]].<ref>[http://iba.audubon.org/iba/viewSiteProfile.do?siteId=1008&navSite=state Audubon: Birds & Science<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{wayback|url=http://iba.audubon.org/iba/viewSiteProfile.do?siteId=1008&navSite=state |date=20070927015333 }}</ref> [[Aleutian cackling geese]] were reintroduced to the island after foxes were eliminated from the island in the 1970s.<ref>[http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF17/1705.html Ptarmigan pioneers island-hop in Aleutians, Alaska Science Forum<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The elimination of the foxes on the island also made it possible for conservationists to reintroduce the [[Evermann's rock ptarmigan]]. In 2006 there were reports of at least 25 breeding pairs of the ptarmigan on the island.<ref>[http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF18/1830.html Biological clock turned back in western Aleutians<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


==Inhabitants==
==Inhabitants==
Archeological excavations have discovered evidence and remains of Aleuts living on Agattu Island as early as 760 BCE.<ref name="D.G. Corbett, D. Causey 2008">D.G. Corbett, D. Causey, M. Clemente, P.L. Koch, A. Doroff, C. Lefavre, D. West (2008) "Aleut Hunters, Sea Otters, and Sea Cows", ''Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems'', University of California Press</ref> Based on the number of simultaneously inhabited archeological sites on the island, experts have estimate that the pre-contact population may have reached 500-1000 individuals.<ref name="D.G. Corbett, D. Causey 2008"/> After Russian contact with the Aleutians in 1751, the population on Agattu declined precipitously. Russian traders would stay multiple years at a time in the Near islands hunting sea otter. Interactions with the [[Aleut people|Aleuts]] were sometimes violent. A veteran Russian navigator was killed by the locals on Agattu in 1761.<ref name="Black">{{cite book|first=Lydia|last=Black|authorlink=Lydia T. Black|year=2004|title=Russians in Alaska |publisher=University of Alaska Press |location=Fairbanks|isbn=1-889963-05-4}}</ref> By the 1760s, all Near Islanders had moved into a single village on [[Attu Island]]. During World War II, the villagers of Attu were interned in Japan and at war's end the survivors were resettled on [[Atka Island]].<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/nagpra/fed_notices/nagpradir/nic1171.html National Park Service]</ref>
Archeological excavations have discovered evidence and remains of Aleuts living on Agattu Island as early as 760 BCE.<ref name="D.G. Corbett, D. Causey 2008">D.G. Corbett, D. Causey, M. Clemente, P.L. Koch, A. Doroff, C. Lefavre, D. West (2008) "Aleut Hunters, Sea Otters, and Sea Cows", ''Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems'', University of California Press</ref> Based on the number of simultaneously inhabited archeological sites on the island, experts have estimate that the pre-contact population may have reached 500-1000 individuals.<ref name="D.G. Corbett, D. Causey 2008"/> After Russian contact with the Aleutians in 1751, the population on Agattu declined precipitously. Russian traders would stay multiple years at a time in the Near islands hunting sea otter. Interactions with the [[Aleut people|Aleuts]] were sometimes violent. A veteran Russian navigator was killed by the locals on Agattu in 1761.<ref name="Black">{{cite book|first=Lydia|last=Black|authorlink=Lydia T. Black|year=2004|title=Russians in Alaska |publisher=University of Alaska Press |location=Fairbanks|isbn=1-889963-05-4}}</ref> By the 1760s, all Near Islanders had moved into a single village on [[Attu Island]]. During World War II, the villagers of Attu were interned in Japan and at war's end the survivors were resettled on [[Atka Island]].<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/nagpra/fed_notices/nagpradir/nic1171.html National Park Service] {{wayback|url=http://www.nps.gov/nagpra/fed_notices/nagpradir/nic1171.html |date=20110606185312 }}</ref>


==Geology==
==Geology==
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
*[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=dt&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_P001&-tree_id=4001&-transpose=N&-redoLog=true&-all_geo_types=N&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=100$10000US020160001001149&-search_results=100$10000US021500001002007&-format=&-_lang=en&-show_geoid=Y Agattu Island: Block 1149, Census Tract 1, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska] United States Census Bureau
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110607213843/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=dt&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_P001&-tree_id=4001&-transpose=N&-redoLog=true&-all_geo_types=N&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=100$10000US020160001001149&-search_results=100$10000US021500001002007&-format=&-_lang=en&-show_geoid=Y Agattu Island: Block 1149, Census Tract 1, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska] United States Census Bureau
*[http://xpda.com/nauticalcharts/16434%20AGATTU%20ISLAND.png Agattu Island Nautical Chart] NOAA Nautical Chart 16434 Agattu Island, 6th Edition, May 2004
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110616145344/http://xpda.com/nauticalcharts/16434%20AGATTU%20ISLAND.png Agattu Island Nautical Chart] NOAA Nautical Chart 16434 Agattu Island, 6th Edition, May 2004
*[http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/nsd/coastpilot/files/cp9/CP9-27ed-Ch07_9.pdf U.S. Coast Pilot 9, Chapter 7, Aleutian Islands]
*[http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/nsd/coastpilot/files/cp9/CP9-27ed-Ch07_9.pdf U.S. Coast Pilot 9, Chapter 7, Aleutian Islands]
* Archaeological Investigations on Agattu, Aleutian Islands, By A.C. Spaulding, 1962, Cushing-Malloy, Inc.
* Archaeological Investigations on Agattu, Aleutian Islands, By A.C. Spaulding, 1962, Cushing-Malloy, Inc.

Revision as of 11:02, 5 October 2016

Map of the western Aleutian islands, Agattu is marked 2.
Nautical Chart of Agattu Island
Agattu Island, refuge cabin, Aleutians 1988. Courtesy: USFWS

Agattu (Aleut: Angatux̂[1]) is an island in the Near Islands in the western end of the Aleutian Islands. With a land area of 85.558 square miles (221.59 km2) Agattu is one of the largest uninhabited islands in the Aleutians. It is the second largest of the Near Islands, after Attu Island. It is volcanic and considerably mountainous. The treeless island has a tundra-like terrain which reaches a peak of 2,073 feet (632 m) above sea level. Its length is 12.2 miles (19.7 km) and width is 19 miles (30 km).

Agattu has seven large seabird colonies, and an estimated population of 66,000 birds. About 1% of the global population of red-faced cormorants and tufted puffins nest on the island. Other inhabitants include rock sandpiper, red-necked phalarope, gray-crowned rosy finch and snow bunting.[2] Aleutian cackling geese were reintroduced to the island after foxes were eliminated from the island in the 1970s.[3] The elimination of the foxes on the island also made it possible for conservationists to reintroduce the Evermann's rock ptarmigan. In 2006 there were reports of at least 25 breeding pairs of the ptarmigan on the island.[4]

Inhabitants

Archeological excavations have discovered evidence and remains of Aleuts living on Agattu Island as early as 760 BCE.[5] Based on the number of simultaneously inhabited archeological sites on the island, experts have estimate that the pre-contact population may have reached 500-1000 individuals.[5] After Russian contact with the Aleutians in 1751, the population on Agattu declined precipitously. Russian traders would stay multiple years at a time in the Near islands hunting sea otter. Interactions with the Aleuts were sometimes violent. A veteran Russian navigator was killed by the locals on Agattu in 1761.[6] By the 1760s, all Near Islanders had moved into a single village on Attu Island. During World War II, the villagers of Attu were interned in Japan and at war's end the survivors were resettled on Atka Island.[7]

Geology

Agattu is unique among the volcanic Aleutian Islands in being composed almost entirely of well-bedded sedimentary rocks. These rocks were clearly deposited in water and are composed chiefly of amorphous silica and fine detritus derived from a volcanic terrain. Igneous rocks are sparsely represented by intrusions of porphyry, diabase, and trap. The entire island has been heavily glaciated.[8]

References

  1. ^ Bergsland, K. (1994). Aleut Dictionary. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center.
  2. ^ Audubon: Birds & Science Template:Wayback
  3. ^ Ptarmigan pioneers island-hop in Aleutians, Alaska Science Forum
  4. ^ Biological clock turned back in western Aleutians
  5. ^ a b D.G. Corbett, D. Causey, M. Clemente, P.L. Koch, A. Doroff, C. Lefavre, D. West (2008) "Aleut Hunters, Sea Otters, and Sea Cows", Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems, University of California Press
  6. ^ Black, Lydia (2004). Russians in Alaska. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press. ISBN 1-889963-05-4.
  7. ^ National Park Service Template:Wayback
  8. ^ Note on the Geology of Agattu, an Aleutian Island, Robert P. Sharp, The Journal of Geology, Vol. 54, No. 3 (May, 1946), pp. 193-199

52°26′07″N 173°34′32″E / 52.43528°N 173.57556°E / 52.43528; 173.57556

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