Charles Comiskey

Charles Comiskey
First baseman / Manager / Owner
Born: (1859-08-15)August 15, 1859 Chicago, Illinois
Died: October 26, 1931(1931-10-26) (aged 72) Eagle River, Wisconsin
Batted: Right Threw: Right
MLB debut
May 2, 1882, for the St. Louis Brown Stockings
Last MLB appearance
September 12, 1894, for the Cincinnati Reds
MLB statistics
Batting average	.264
Hits	1,530
Runs	994
Stolen bases	416
Teams
As player St. Louis Brown Stockings/Browns (1882–1889) Chicago Pirates (1890) St. Louis Browns (1891) Cincinnati Reds (1892–1894) As manager St. Louis Browns (1883–1889, 1891) Chicago Pirates (1890) Cincinnati Reds (1892–1894) As Owner Chicago White Sox (1901–1931)
Career highlights and awards
World Series champion (1906, 1917) American League pennant (1901, 1919) American Association pennant (1885, 1886, 1887, 1888) Career managerial record: 840–541
Member of the National
Baseball Hall of Fame
Induction	1939
Election method	Veteran's Committee

Charles Albert "Charlie" Comiskey (August 15, 1859 – October 26, 1931), also nicknamed "Commy" or "The Old Roman", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and team owner. He was a key person in the formation of the American League, and was also founding owner of the Chicago White Sox. Comiskey Park, the White Sox' storied baseball stadium, was built under his guidance and named for him.

Comiskey's reputation was permanently tarnished by his team's involvement in the Black Sox Scandal, a conspiracy to "throw" the 1919 World Series which some have excused by allegations that his poor treatment of White Sox players fueled the conspiracy. Comiskey was inducted as an executive into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.

Early life

Comiskey was born on August 15, 1859, in Chicago, the son of Illinois politician John Comiskey. He attended public and parochial schools in Chicago, St. Ignatius College Prep, and St. Mary's College in Kansas. He played baseball at St. Mary's, and played for several professional teams in Chicago while apprenticed to a plumber and working at construction jobs including driving a brick delivery wagon for the construction crews building the fifth Chicago City Hall, which stood from 1873 to 1885.

Baseball career

Playing and managing career

An 1888 baseball card showing Comiskey as a St. Louis Brown.

Charles Comiskey's 1887 baseball card from the St. Louis Browns

Comiskey started his playing career as a pitcher, and moved to first base after developing arm trouble. He is credited with being the first to play hitters off of first base, allowing him to cover balls hit to more of the infield. He entered the American Association in 1882 with the St. Louis Brown Stockings. He managed the team during parts of its first seasons and took over full-time in 1885, leading the Browns to four consecutive American Association championships and a close second in 1889. He also played and managed for the Chicago Pirates in the Players' League (1890), the Browns again (1891), and the Cincinnati Reds in the National League (1892–94).

Managerial record

Team	From	To	Record
			W	L	Win %
St. Louis Browns	1883	1883	12	7	.632
St. Louis Browns	1884	1889	465	214	.685
Chicago Pirates	1890	1890	75	62	.547
St. Louis Browns	1891	1891	86	52	.623
Cincinnati Reds	1892	1894	202	206	.495
Total			840	541	.608
Ref.:

As an owner

Comiskey left Cincinnati and the majors in fall 1894 to purchase the Western League club in Sioux City, Iowa and move it to Saint Paul, Minnesota. He had compiled a .264 batting average with 29 home runs, 883 RBI and 419 stolen bases. As a manager, he posted an 839-542 record.

After five seasons of sharing the Twin Cities with another Western League club in Minneapolis, Comiskey and his colleagues arranged to share Chicago with the National League, whose club (the Chicago Cubs today) played on the West Side. The St. Paul Saints moved to the South Side as the White Stockings of the renamed American League for the 1900 season. The American League then declared itself a major league starting in 1901.

Charles Comiskey, circa 1910

As owner of the White Sox from 1900 until his death in 1931, Comiskey oversaw building Comiskey Park in 1910 and winning five American League pennants (1900, 1901, 1906, 1917, 1919) and two World Series (1906, 1917). He lost popularity with his players, whose views of him became hateful, and that is seen as a factor in the Black Sox scandal, when eight players on the AL champions conspired to "throw" the 1919 World Series to the NL champion Cincinnati Reds. Comiskey was notoriously stingy (his defenders called him "frugal"), even forcing his players to pay to launder their own uniforms. Traci Peterson notes that, in an era when professional athletes lacked free agency, the White Sox's formidable players had little choice but to accept Comiskey's substandard wages. She writes: "Charles Risberg and Claude Williams made less than $3,000 a year ($52,722 today). Joe Jackson and George Weaver made only $6,000 a year ($105,443 today). Eddie Cicotte had been promised a $10,000 ($175,739 today) bonus if he could win 30 games in a season. When Cicotte closed in on the 30-game goal, Comiskey had him benched to keep him from reaching the mark." Comiskey's stated reason for having manager Kid Gleason bench Cicotte was that with the Sox headed for the World Series he had to protect his star pitcher's arm (Cicotte ended up with a 29-7 record for the 1919 season). In one incident, he promised his players a bonus for winning the 1919 pennant — the "bonus" turned out to be a case of flat champagne.

When the scandal broke late in the 1920 season, Comiskey suspended the suspected players, while admitting in the telegram he sent to them that he knew this action cost the White Sox a second straight pennant. However, he initially defended the accused players and, in an unusual display of largesse, provided them with expensive legal representation. He ultimately supported baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis' decision to ban the implicated White Sox players from further participation in professional baseball, knowing full well that Landis' action would permanently sideline the core of his team. Indeed, the White Sox promptly tumbled into seventh place and would not be a factor in a pennant race again until 1936, five years after Comiskey's death.

Legacy

Comiskey is sometimes credited with the innovation of playing the first base position behind first base or inside the foul line, a practice which has since become common. Later he had played a large role in the dissolution of the National Commission, baseball's former body of authority, following a quarrel with Ban Johnson. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.

Comiskey died in Eagle River, Wisconsin in 1931. Comiskey's son J. Louis inherited the team but died a few years later. The trustees of his estate were going to sell the team, but J. Louis' widow Grace was able to gain control of the team and avoid a sale. Her two children, Dorothy Comiskey Rigney and Charles Albert Comiskey II (who served in the White Sox front office in the 1940s and 1950s before he became owner), became co-owners of the team following Grace's death in the 1950s. Dorothy sold controlling interest in the team to Bill Veeck in 1958, but Chuck remained a minority owner until 1962.

See also

• List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
• List of professional sports team owners
• List of Major League Baseball player-managers
• List of St. Louis Cardinals team records

Further reading

• Riehle, Dave, "Say it Ain't So, Charlie:The 1897 Dispute Between Charles Comiskey and the St. Paul Labor Trades", Ramsey County History Quarterly V39 #2, Ramsey County Historical Society, St Paul, Minnesota, 2004.
• Axelson, Gustaf W. (1919). ""Commy": the life story of Charles A. Comiskey, the "Grand old Roman" of baseball and for nineteen years president and owner of the American league baseball team "The White Sox,"". Chicago: Reilly & Lee Co. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help).

External links

• Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors)
• Charles Comiskey managerial career statistics at Baseball-Reference.com

Charles Comiskey at the Baseball Hall of Fame