Isotopes of magnesium: Difference between revisions

Isotopes of magnesium (₁₂Mg)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Mg)
	[24.304, 24.307]; 24.305±0.002 (abridged);
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Magnesium (₁₂Mg) naturally occurs in three stable isotopes, ²⁴Mg, ²⁵Mg, and ²⁶Mg. There are 19 radioisotopes that have been discovered, ranging from ¹⁹Mg to ⁴⁰Mg. The longest-lived radioisotope is ²⁸Mg with a half-life of 20.915 hours. The lighter isotopes mostly decay to isotopes of sodium while the heavier isotopes decay to isotopes of aluminium. The shortest-lived is ³⁹Mg with a half-life shorter than 180 nanoseconds, or possibly ⁴⁰Mg, with a half-life longer than 170 nanoseconds (the half-life of ¹⁹Mg is unknown).

List of isotopes

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	decay mode(s)^[4]	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 1]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
¹⁹Mg	12	7	19.03547(27)	4×10⁻¹² s	2p	¹⁷Ne	1/2−#
²⁰Mg	12	8	20.018863(29)	90.8(24) ms	β⁺ (97%)	²⁰Na	0+
²⁰Mg	12	8	20.018863(29)	90.8(24) ms	β⁺, p (3%)	¹⁹Ne	0+
²¹Mg	12	9	21.011713(18)	122(2) ms	β⁺ (66.9%)	²¹Na	(5/2,3/2)+
					β⁺, p (32.6%)	²⁰Ne
					β⁺, α (0.5%)	¹⁷F
²²Mg	12	10	21.9995738(14)	3.8755(12) s	β⁺	²²Na	0+
²³Mg	12	11	22.9941237(14)	11.317(11) s	β⁺	²³Na	3/2+
²⁴Mg	12	12	23.985041700(14)	Stable			0+	0.7899(4)	0.78958–0.79017
²⁵Mg	12	13	24.98583692(3)	Stable			5/2+	0.1000(1)	0.09996–0.10012
²⁶Mg^{[n 2]}	12	14	25.982592929(30)	Stable			0+	0.1101(3)	0.10987–0.11030
²⁷Mg	12	15	26.98434059(5)	9.458(12) min	β⁻	²⁷Al	1/2+
²⁸Mg	12	16	27.9838768(22)	20.915(9) h	β⁻	²⁸Al	0+
²⁹Mg	12	17	28.988600(15)	1.30(12) s	β⁻	²⁹Al	3/2+
³⁰Mg	12	18	29.990434(9)	335(17) ms	β⁻ (99.94%)	³⁰Al	0+
³⁰Mg	12	18	29.990434(9)	335(17) ms	β⁻, n (.06%)	²⁹Al	0+
³¹Mg	12	19	30.996546(13)	230(20) ms	β⁻ (98.3%)	³¹Al	3/2+
³¹Mg	12	19	30.996546(13)	230(20) ms	β⁻, n (1.7%)	³⁰Al	3/2+
³²Mg	12	20	31.998975(19)	86(5) ms	β⁻ (97.6%)	³²Al	0+
³²Mg	12	20	31.998975(19)	86(5) ms	β⁻, n (2.4%)	³¹Al	0+
³³Mg	12	21	33.005254(21)	90.5(16) ms	β⁻ (83%)	³³Al	7/2−#
³³Mg	12	21	33.005254(21)	90.5(16) ms	β⁻, n (17%)	³²Al	7/2−#
³⁴Mg	12	22	34.00946(25)	20(10) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	³⁴Al	0+
³⁴Mg	12	22	34.00946(25)	20(10) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	³³Al	0+
³⁵Mg	12	23	35.01734(43)#	70(40) ms	β⁻, n (52%)	³⁴Al	(7/2−)#
³⁵Mg	12	23	35.01734(43)#	70(40) ms	β⁻ (48%)	³⁵Al	(7/2−)#
³⁶Mg	12	24	36.02300(54)#	3.9(13) ms	β⁻	³⁶Al	0+
³⁷Mg	12	25	37.03140(97)#	40# ms [>260 ns]	β⁻	³⁷Al	7/2−#
³⁷Mg	12	25	37.03140(97)#	40# ms [>260 ns]	β⁻, n	³⁶Al	7/2−#
³⁸Mg	12	26	38.03757(54)#	1# ms [>260 ns]			0+
³⁹Mg	12	27	39.04677(55)#	<260 ns			7/2−#
⁴⁰Mg	12	28	40.05393(97)#	1# ms			0+

^ Bold for stable isotopes
^ Used in radiodating events early in the Solar System's history

References

Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
- N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |nopp= ignored (|no-pp= suggested) (help)

External links

Magnesium isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's

^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Magnesium". CIAAW. 2011.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |registration= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

[5] Bold for stable isotopes

[6] Used in radiodating events early in the Solar System's history

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Magnesium". CIAAW. 2011.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[4] "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |registration= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[n 1]

[n 2]

@@ Line 287: / Line 287: @@
 == References ==
 * Isotope masses from:
-**{{cite journal |author=G. Audi |author2=A. H. Wapstra |author3=C. Thibault |author4=J. Blachot |author5=O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A}}
+**{{cite journal|author=G. Audi |author2=A. H. Wapstra |author3=C. Thibault |author4=J. Blachot |author5=O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923135135/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-23 |df= }}
 * Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
 **{{cite journal |author=J. R. de Laeter |author2=J. K. Böhlke |author3=P. De Bièvre |author4=H. Hidaka |author5=H. S. Peiser |author6=K. J. R. Rosman |author7=P. D. P. Taylor |year=2003 |title=Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) |url=http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/75/6/0683/pdf/ |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=683–800 |doi=10.1351/pac200375060683}}
 **{{cite journal |author=M. E. Wieser |year=2006 |title=Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report) |url=http://iupac.org/publications/pac/78/11/2051/pdf/ |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] |volume=78 |issue=11 |pages=2051–2066 |doi=10.1351/pac200678112051 |laysummary=http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html}}
 * Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on [[Talk:Isotopes of magnesium|this article's talk page]].
-**{{cite journal |author=G. Audi |author2=A. H. Wapstra |author3=C. Thibault |author4=J. Blachot |author5=O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A}}
+**{{cite journal|author=G. Audi |author2=A. H. Wapstra |author3=C. Thibault |author4=J. Blachot |author5=O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923135135/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-23 |df= }}
 **{{cite web |author=[[National Nuclear Data Center]] |year= |title=NuDat 2.1 database |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ |publisher=[[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] |accessdate=September 2005}}
 **{{cite book |author=N. E. Holden |year=2004 |editor=D. R. Lide |chapter=Table of the Isotopes |title=[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] |page=Section 11 |nopp=yes |edition=85th |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-0-8493-0485-9}}