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|[[David Caminer]]{{undue inline|reason=unclear achievements merit inclusion. Definitely notable in a British context, globally unclear. Had a notable business career, but inclusion here is perhaps a stretch|date=October 2017}}
|[[David Caminer]]{{undue inline|reason=unclear achievements merit inclusion. Definitely notable in a British context, globally unclear. Had a notable business career, but inclusion here is perhaps a stretch|date=October 2017}}
| With [[John Pinkerton (computer designer)|John Pinkerton]], developed the [[LEO computer]] the first business computer, for [[J. Lyons and Co]]
| With [[John Pinkerton (computer designer)|John Pinkerton]], developed the [[LEO computer]], the first business computer, for [[J. Lyons and Co]]
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| 1978
| 1978
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| 1934<br />1938
| 1934<br />1938


| Akira Nakashima
| [[Akira Nakashima]]
| [[NEC]] engineer introduced [[switching circuit theory]] in papers from 1934 to 1936, laying the foundations for [[digital circuit]] design, in [[digital computer]]s and other areas of modern technology.
| [[NEC]] engineer introduced [[switching circuit theory]] in papers from 1934 to 1936,<ref>[https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ieejfms/124/8/124_8_720/_article History of Research on Switching Theory in Japan], ''IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials'', Vol. 124 (2004) No. 8, pp. 720–726, [[Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/dawn/0002.html|title=Switching Theory/Relay Circuit Network Theory/Theory of Logical Mathematics – IPSJ Computer Museum|first=Information Processing Society of|last=Japan|website=museum.ipsj.or.jp|accessdate=25 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="historical">Radomir S. Stanković ([[University of Niš]]), Jaakko T. Astola ([[Tampere University of Technology]]), Mark G. Karpovsky ([[Boston University]]), [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.66.1248 Some Historical Remarks on Switching Theory], 2007, DOI 10.1.1.66.1248</ref><ref name="nakashima">Radomir S. Stanković, Jaakko Astola (2008), [http://ticsp.cs.tut.fi/reports/reprint-nakashima-rr.pdf Reprints from the Early Days of Information Sciences: TICSP Series On the Contributions of Akira Nakashima to Switching Theory], TICSP Series #40, Tampere International Center for Signal Processing, [[Tampere University of Technology]]</ref> laying the foundations for [[digital circuit]] design, in [[digital computer]]s and other areas of modern technology.<ref name="nakashima" />
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| 1960
| 1960

Revision as of 04:30, 2 November 2017

Template:Systemic bias

This article presents a list of individuals who helped in the creation, development and imagining of what computers and electronics could do.

Pioneers

Ach. Date Person Achievement
0830~ Al-Khwārizmī[1][2][3] The term "algorithm" is derived from the algorism, the technique of performing arithmetic with Arabic numerals developed by al-Khwarizmi.
1944 Howard Aiken Conceived and codesigned the Harvard Mark I.
1970 Frances E. Allen Developed bit vector notation and program control flow graphs.
1939 John Atanasoff Built the first electronic digital computer, the Atanasoff–Berry Computer, though it was neither programmable nor Turing-complete.
1815
1852 		Ada Lovelace An English mathematician and writer, chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. She was the first to recognize that the machine had applications beyond pure calculation, and created the first algorithm intended to be carried out by such a machine. As a result, she is often regarded as the first to recognize the full potential of a "computing machine" and the first computer programmer.
1822
1837 		Charles Babbage Originated the concept of a programmable general-purpose computer. Designed the Analytical Engine and built a prototype for a less powerful mechanical calculator.
1954
1963 		John Backus Led the team that created FORTRAN (Formula Translation), the first practical high-level programming language, and he formulated the Backus–Naur form that described the formal language syntax.
1989
1990 		Tim Berners-Lee Invented worldwide web. With Robert Cailliau, sent first HTTP communication between client and server.
1966 Corrado Böhm Theorized of the concept of structured programming.
1847
1854 		George Boole Formalized Boolean algebra, the basis for digital logic and computer science.
1947 Kathleen Booth Invented the first assembly language.
1969
1978 		Per Brinch Hansen Developed the RC 4000 multiprogramming system which introduced the concept of an operating system kernel and the separation of policy and mechanism, effectively the first microkernel architecture.[4] Co-developed the monitor with Tony Hoare, and created the first monitor implementation.[5] Implemented the first form of remote procedure call in the RC 4000,[4] and was first to propose remote procedure calls as a structuring concept for distributed computing.[6]
1959
1995 		Fred Brooks Manager of IBM System/360 and OS/360 projects; author of The Mythical Man-Month.
1930 Vannevar Bush Analogue computing pioneer. Originator of the Memex concept, which led to the development of Hypertext.
1951 David Caminer[undue weight? – discuss] With John Pinkerton, developed the LEO computer, the first business computer, for J. Lyons and Co
1978 Vint Cerf With Bob Kahn, designed the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), the primary data communication protocols of the Internet and other computer networks.
1972 Karen Spärck Jones [undue weight? – discuss] Was one of the pioneers of information retrieval and natural language processing.
1974 Elizabeth Feinler Her team defined a simple text file format for Internet host names.[29] The list evolved into the Domain Name System and her group became the naming authority for the top-level domains of .mil, .gov, .edu, .org, and .com.
1985 Radia Perlman Invented the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), which is fundamental to the operation of network bridges, while working for Digital Equipment Corporation. Has done extensive and innovative research, particularly on encryption and networking. She received the USENIX Lifetime Achievement Award in 2007, among numerous others.
1989 Frances E. Allen Became the first female IBM Fellow in 1989. In 2006, she became the first female recipient of the ACM's Turing Award.
1956 Noam Chomsky Made contributions to computer science with his work in linguistics. He developed Chomsky hierarchy, a discovery which has directly impacted programming language theory and other branches of computer science.
1936 Alonzo Church Founded contributions to theoretical computer science, specifically for the development of the lambda calculus and the discovery of the undecidability problem within it.
1962 Wesley A. Clark Designed LINC, the first functional computer scaled down and priced for the individual user. Put in service in 1963, many of its features are seen as prototypes of what were to be essential elements of personal computers.
1981 Edmund M. Clarke Developed model checking and formal verification of software and hardware together with E. Allen Emerson.
1970 Edgar F. Codd Proposed and formalized the relational model of data management, the theoretical basis of relational databases.
1971 Stephen Cook Formalized the notion of NP-completeness, inspiring a great deal of research in computational complexity theory.
1965 James Cooley With John W. Tukey, created the fast Fourier transform.
1962 Ole-Johan Dahl With Kristen Nygaard, invented the proto-object oriented language SIMULA.
1968 Edsger Dijkstra Made advances in algorithms, pioneered and coined the term structured programming, invented the semaphore, and famously suggested that the GOTO statement should be considered harmful.
1943
1951 		J. Presper Eckert With John Mauchly, designed and built the ENIAC, the first modern (all electronic, Turing-complete) computer, and the UNIVAC I, the first commercially available computer.
1981 E. Allen Emerson Developed model checking and formal verification of software and hardware together with Edmund M. Clarke.
1963 Douglas Engelbart Best known for inventing the computer mouse (in a joint effort with Bill English); as a pioneer of human-computer interaction whose Augment team developed hypertext, networked computers, and precursors to GUIs.
1943 Tommy Flowers Designed and built the Mark 1 and the ten improved Mark 2 Colossus computers, the world's first programmable, digital, electronic, computing devices.
1879 Gottlob Frege Developed first-order predicate calculus, which was a crucial precursor requirement to developing computation theory.
1958
1961
1967 		Seymour Ginsburg Proved "don't-care" circuit minimization does not necessarily yield optimal results, proved that the ALGOL programming language is context-free (thus linking formal language theory to the problem of compiler writing), and invented AFL Theory.
1931 Kurt Gödel Proved that Peano axiomatized arithmetic could not be both logically consistent and complete in first-order predicate calculus. Church, Kleene, and Turing developed the foundations of computation theory based on corollaries to Gödel's work.
1974
2005 		Jim Gray Innovator in database systems and transaction processing implementation.
1986
1990 		Barbara Grosz[undue weight? – discuss] Created the first computational model of discourse, which established the field of research and influenced language-processing technologies. Also developed SharedPlans model for collaboration in multi-agent systems.
1971 Margaret Hamilton Credited with coining the phrase "Software engineering" and developed the concepts of asynchronous software, priority scheduling, end-to-end testing, and human-in-the-loop decision capability, such as priority displays which then became the foundation for ultra reliable software design.
1972 1973 André Truong Trong Thi and François Gernelle [undue weight? – discuss] Invention of the Micral N, the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computer based on a microprocessor
1960
1978 		C.A.R. Hoare Developed the formal language communicating sequential processes (CSP) and Quicksort.
1968 Betty Holberton Wrote the first mainframe sort merge on the Univac
1889 Herman Hollerith Widely regarded as the father of modern machine data processing. His invention of the punched card evaluating machine marks the beginning of the era of automatic data processing systems.
1952 Grace Hopper Pioneered work on the necessity for high-level programming languages, which she termed automatic programming, and wrote the A-O compiler, which heavily influenced the COBOL language.
1997 Feng-hsiung Hsu Work led to the creation of the Deep Thought chess computer, and the architect and the principal designer of the IBM Deep Blue chess computer which defeated the reigning World Chess Champion, Garry Kasparov, in 1997.
1952 Cuthbert Hurd Helped the International Business Machines Corporation develop its first general-purpose computer, the IBM 701.
1954; 1962 Kenneth E. Iverson Assisted in establishing the first graduate course in computer science (at Harvard) and taught that course; invented the APL programming language and made contribution to interactive computing.
1801 Joseph Marie Jacquard Built and demonstrated the Jacquard loom, a programmable mechanized loom controlled by punch cards.
1206 Al-Jazari Invented programmable machines, including programmable humanoid robots,[7] and the castle clock, an astronomical clock considered the first programmable analog computer.[8]
1953
1953 		Maurice Karnaugh Inventor of the Karnaugh map, used for logic function minimization.
1973 Jacek Karpinski Developed the first differential analyzer that used transistors, and developed one of the first machine learning algorithms for character and image recognition. Also was the inventor of one of the first minicomputers, the K-202.
1970~ Alan Kay Pioneered many of the ideas at the root of object-oriented programming languages, led the team that developed Smalltalk, and made fundamental contributions to personal computing.
1936 Stephen Cole Kleene Pioneered work with Alonzo Church on the Lambda Calculus that first laid down the foundations of computation theory.
1968
1989 		Donald Knuth Wrote The Art of Computer Programming and created TeX. Coined the term "analysis of algorithms" and made major contributions to that field, including popularizing Big O notation.
1974
1978 		Leslie Lamport Formulated algorithms to solve many fundamental problems in distributed systems (e.g. the bakery algorithm).
Developed the concept of a logical clock, enabling synchronization between distributed entities based on the events through which they communicate. Created LaTeX.
1951 Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev Independently designed the first electronic computer in the Soviet Union, MESM, in Kiev, Ukraine.
1670~ Gottfried Leibniz Made advances in symbolic logic, such as the Calculus ratiocinator, that were heavily influential on Gottlob Frege. Made developments in first-order predicate calculus that were crucial for the theoretical foundations of computer science.
1960 J. C. R. Licklider Began the investigation of human-computer interaction, leading to many advances in computer interfaces as well as in cybernetics and artificial intelligence.
1987 Barbara Liskov Developed the Liskov substitution principle, which guarantees semantic interoperability of data types in a hierarchy.
1300~ Ramon Llull Designed multiple symbolic representations machines, and pioneered notions of symbolic representation and manipulation to produce knowledge—both of which were major influences on Leibniz.
1962 Jean E. Sammet Developed the FORMAC programming language. She was also the first to write extensively about the history and categorization of programming languages in 1969, and became the first female president of the Association for Computing Machinery in 1974.
1943
1951 		John Mauchly With J. Presper Eckert, designed and built the ENIAC, the first modern (all electronic, Turing-complete) computer, and the UNIVAC I, the first commercially available computer. Also worked on BINAC(1949), EDVAC(1949), UNIVAC(1951) with Grace Hopper and Jean Bartik, to develop early stored program computers.
1955 John McCarthy Invented LISP, a functional programming language.
1963 Marvin Minsky Co-founder of Artificial Intelligence Lab at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, author of several texts on AI and philosophy.
0850~ Banū Mūsā The Banū Mūsā brothers wrote the Book of Ingenious Devices, where they described what appears to be the first programmable machine, an automatic flute player.[9]
1950
1960 		Yoshiro Nakamatsu Invented the first floppy disk at Tokyo Imperial University in 1950,[10][11] receiving a 1952 Japanese patent[12][13] and 1958 US patent for his floppy magnetic disk sheet invention,[14] and licensed to Nippon Columbia in 1960[15] and IBM in the 1970s.[12][10]
1934
1938 		Akira Nakashima NEC engineer introduced switching circuit theory in papers from 1934 to 1936, laying the foundations for digital circuit design, in digital computers and other areas of modern technology.
1960 Peter Naur Edited the ALGOL 60 Revised Report, introducing Backus-Naur form
1943 Max Newman Instigated the production of the Colossus computers at Bletchley Park. After the war he established the Computing Machine Laboratory at the University of Manchester where the world's first stored-program computer, the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine was invented.
1945 John von Neumann Formulated the von Neumann architecture upon which most modern computers are based.
1962 Kristen Nygaard With Ole-Johan Dahl, invented the proto-object oriented language SIMULA.
0500 BC ~ Pāṇini Ashtadhyayi Sanskrit grammar was systematised and technical, using metarules, transformations, and recursions, a forerunner to formal language theory and basis for Panini-Backus form used to describe programming languages.
1642 Blaise Pascal Invented the mechanical calculator.
1952 Alan Perlis On Project Whirlwind, member of the team that developed the ALGOL programming language, and the first recipient of the Turing Award
1964 Pier Giorgio Perotto[undue weight? – discuss] Designer of Olivetti Programma 101, the first personal computer.
1932 Rózsa Péter Published a series of papers grounding recursion theory as a separate area of mathematical research, setting the foundation for theoretical computer science.
1995 Rosalind Picard [undue weight? – discuss] Founded Affective Computing, and laid the foundations for giving computers skills of emotional intelligence.
1936 Emil L. Post Developed the Post machine as a model of computation, independently of Turing. Known also for developing truth tables, the Post correspondence problem used in recursion theory as well as proving what is known as Post's theorem.
1967 Dennis Ritchie With Ken Thompson, pioneered the C programming language and the Unix computer operating system at Bell Labs.
1967 Ken Thompson Created the Unix operating system, the B programming language, Plan 9 operating system, the first computer chess game and the UTF-8 encoding at Bell Labs and the Go programming language at Google.
1958–1960 Saul Rosen Designed the software of the first transistor-based computer. Also influenced the ALGOL programming language.
1910 Bertrand Russell Made contributions to computer science with his work on mathematical logic (example: truth function). Introduced the notion of type theory. He also introduced type system (along with Alfred North Whitehead) in his work, Principia Mathematica.
1975 Gerard Salton[undue weight? – discuss] A pioneer of automatic information retrieval, who proposed the vector space model and the inverted index.
1963
1973 		Tadashi Sasaki[undue weight? – discuss] Sharp engineer who conceived a single-chip microprocessor CPU, presenting the idea to Busicom and Intel in 1968, influencing the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004. He also developed LCD calculators at Sharp.[16]
1937
1948 		Claude Shannon Founded information theory, and laid foundations for practical digital circuit design.
1968
1980 		Masatoshi Shima Designed the Intel 4004, the first commercial microprocessor,[17][18] as well as the Intel 8080, Zilog Z80 and Zilog Z8000 microprocessors, and the Intel 8259, 8255, 8253, 8257 and 8251 chips.[19]


1956
1957 		Herbert A. Simon A political scientist and economist who pioneered artificial intelligence. Co-creator of the Logic Theory Machine and the General Problem Solver programs.
1970
1990 		Richard Stallman Stallman launched the GNU Project in September 1983 to create a Unix-like computer operating system composed entirely of free software. With this, he also launched the free software movement.
1982 Michael Stonebraker Researcher at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) who revolutionized the field of database management systems (DBMSs) and founded multiple successful database companies
1963 Ivan Sutherland Author of Sketchpad, the ancestor of modern computer-aided drafting (CAD) programs and one of the early examples of object-oriented programming.
1965 John W. Tukey With James Cooley, created the fast Fourier transform.
1936 Alan Turing Made several founding contributions to computer science, including the Turing machine computational model, the conceiving of the stored program concept and the designing of the high-speed ACE design. Widely considered as the father of computer science and artificial intelligence.
1968 Noriko Umeda His team at Japan's Electrotechnical Laboratory developed the first text-to-speech synthesis system.[20]
1950~ An Wang Made key contributions to the development of magnetic core memory.
1955
1960s
1974 		Willis Ware Co-designer of JOHNNIAC. Chaired committee that developed the Code of Fair Information Practice and led to the Privacy Act of 1974. Vice-chair of the Privacy Protection Study Commission.
1968 Adriaan van Wijngaarden Developer of the W-grammar first used in the definition of ALGOL 68
1994 Sally Floyd Is known for her work on Transmission Control Protocol.
1949 Maurice Wilkes Built the first practical stored program computer (EDSAC) to be completed and for being credited with the ideas of several high-level programming language constructs.
1970
1978 		Niklaus Wirth Designed the Pascal, Modula-2 and Oberon programming languages.
1938
1945 		Konrad Zuse Built the first digital freely programmable computer, the Z1. Built the first functional program-controlled computer, the Z3.[21] The Z3 was proven to be Turing-complete in 1998. Produced the world's first commercial computer, the Z4. Designed the first high-level programming language, Plankalkül.
2011 Susan L. Graham Awarded the 2009 IEEE John von Neumann Medal for "contributions to programming language design and implementation and for exemplary service to the discipline of computer science".

~ Items marked with a tilde are circa dates.

See also

References

  1. ^ Mario Tokoro, ed. (2010). "9". e: From Understanding Principles to Solving Problems. pp. 223–224. ISBN 978-1-60750-468-9.
  2. ^ The Nature of Computation. Oxford University Press. 2011. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-162080-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  3. ^ A. P. Ershov, Donald Ervin Knuth, ed. (1981). Algorithms in modern mathematics and computer science: proceedings, Urgench, Uzbek SSR, September 16–22, 1979. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-11157-3.
  4. ^ a b "Per Brinch Hansen • IEEE Computer Society". Computer.org. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
  5. ^ Brinch Hansen, Per (April 1993). "Monitors and Concurrent Pascal: a personal history" (PDF). 2nd ACM Conference on the History of Programming Languages.
  6. ^ Brinch Hansen, Per (November 1978). "Distributed processes: a concurrent programming concept" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. doi:10.1145/359642.359651.
  7. ^ "articles58". Shef.ac.uk. 29 June 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  8. ^ "Ancient Discoveries, Episode 11: Ancient Robots". History Channel. Retrieved 2008-09-06. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ Koetsier, Teun (2001). "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators". Mechanism and Machine Theory. 36 (5). Elsevier: 589–603. doi:10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2.
  10. ^ a b G. W. A. Dummer (1997), Electronic Inventions and Discoveries, page 164, Institute of Physics
  11. ^ Valerie-Anne Giscard d'Estaing (1990), The Book of Inventions and Discoveries, page 124, Queen Anne Press
  12. ^ a b Lazarus, David (April 10, 1995). "'Japan's Edison' Is Country's Gadget King : Japanese Inventor Holds Record for Patent". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
  13. ^ YOSHIRO NAKAMATSU – THE THOMAS EDISON OF JAPAN, Stellarix Consultancy Services, 2015
  14. ^ Magnetic record sheet, Patent US3131937
  15. ^ Graphic Arts Japan, Volume 2 (1960), pages 20–22
  16. ^ Aspray, William (1994-05-25). "Oral-History: Tadashi Sasaki". Interview #211 for the Center for the History of Electrical Engineering. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
  17. ^ Nigel Tout. "The Busicom 141-PF calculator and the Intel 4004 microprocessor". Retrieved November 15, 2009.
  18. ^ Federico Faggin, The Making of the First Microprocessor, IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine, Winter 2009, IEEE Xplore
  19. ^ Japan, Information Processing Society of. "Shima Masatoshi-Computer Museum". museum.ipsj.or.jp. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  20. ^ Klatt, D (1987). "Review of text-to-speech conversion for English". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 82 (3): 737–93. doi:10.1121/1.395275.
  21. ^ Copeland, B. Jack (25 October 2017). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 25 October 2017 – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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