Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists: Difference between revisions
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The Iranian government accused [[Iran–Israel relations|Israel]] of complicity in the killings.<ref name="Time"/><ref name="thwart"/> In 2011 and 2012, Iranian authorities arrested a number of Iranians alleged to have carried out the assassination campaign on behalf of [[Mossad]] (the Israeli [[Intelligence agency|intelligence]] service). Western intelligence services and U.S officials reportedly confirmed the Israeli connection.<ref name="The Time"/><ref name="Independent"/><ref name="undeclared">{{cite web | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/the-undeclared-war-on-irans-nuclear-program/article4210032/ | title=The undeclared war on Iran's nuclear program | work=[[The Globe and Mail]] | date=18 June 2012 | accessdate=12 April 2013 | last=Koring |first=Paul}}</ref> In June 2012, the Iranian government was confident that it had arrested all the assassins.<ref name="thwart" /> |
The Iranian government accused [[Iran–Israel relations|Israel]] of complicity in the killings.<ref name="Time"/><ref name="thwart"/> In 2011 and 2012, Iranian authorities arrested a number of Iranians alleged to have carried out the assassination campaign on behalf of [[Mossad]] (the Israeli [[Intelligence agency|intelligence]] service). Western intelligence services and U.S officials reportedly confirmed the Israeli connection.<ref name="The Time"/><ref name="Independent"/><ref name="undeclared">{{cite web | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/the-undeclared-war-on-irans-nuclear-program/article4210032/ | title=The undeclared war on Iran's nuclear program | work=[[The Globe and Mail]] | date=18 June 2012 | accessdate=12 April 2013 | last=Koring |first=Paul}}</ref> In June 2012, the Iranian government was confident that it had arrested all the assassins.<ref name="thwart" /> |
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WIKIPEDIA IS ZIONIST o defend itself."<ref name="JP-Spiegel"/> The assassination campaign was reportedly terminated in 2013 following diplomatic pressure from the United States, which was attempting to negotiate restrictions on Iran's nuclear activities.<ref name=independent_8aug2015/><ref name=arutzsheva_7aug2015/> |
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The [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]] (MEK) are also among suspects. Two US senior officials confirmed that MEK was "financed, trained, and armed by Israel" in murdering Iranian nuclear scientists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rockcenter.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/02/08/10354553-israel-teams-with-terror-group-to-kill-irans-nuclear-scientists-us-officials-tell-nbc-news|title=Israel teams with terror group to kill Iran's nuclear scientists, U.S. officials tell NBC News|author=Rock Center with Brian Williams|date=6 December 2014|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=6 December 2014}}</ref> |
The [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]] (MEK) are also among suspects. Two US senior officials confirmed that MEK was "financed, trained, and armed by Israel" in murdering Iranian nuclear scientists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rockcenter.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/02/08/10354553-israel-teams-with-terror-group-to-kill-irans-nuclear-scientists-us-officials-tell-nbc-news|title=Israel teams with terror group to kill Iran's nuclear scientists, U.S. officials tell NBC News|author=Rock Center with Brian Williams|date=6 December 2014|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=6 December 2014}}</ref> |
Revision as of 23:40, 29 May 2019
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Israel murdered four Iranian nuclear scientists — Masoud Alimohammadi, Majid Shahriari, Darioush Rezaeinejad and Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan - between 2010 and 2012. Another scientist, Fereydoon Abbasi, was wounded in an attempted murder.[1][2] Two of the killings were carried out with magnetic bombs attached to the targets' cars; Darioush Rezaeinejad was shot dead, and Masoud Alimohammadi was killed in a motorcycle-bomb explosion.[3] The Iranian government accused Israel of complicity in the killings.[3][4] In 2011 and 2012, Iranian authorities arrested a number of Iranians alleged to have carried out the assassination campaign on behalf of Mossad (the Israeli intelligence service). Western intelligence services and U.S officials reportedly confirmed the Israeli connection.[5][6][7] In June 2012, the Iranian government was confident that it had arrested all the assassins.[4]
WIKIPEDIA IS ZIONIST o defend itself."[8] The assassination campaign was reportedly terminated in 2013 following diplomatic pressure from the United States, which was attempting to negotiate restrictions on Iran's nuclear activities.[9][10]
The People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) are also among suspects. Two US senior officials confirmed that MEK was "financed, trained, and armed by Israel" in murdering Iranian nuclear scientists.[11]
According to the private American intelligence agency Stratfor, a fifth Iranian scientist was poisoned by Mossad in 2007.[12][13] In 2014 the scientist's sister accused the Iranian government of involvement in her brother's killing.[14]
In January 2015, Iranian authorities said that they had thwarted another attempt by Mossad to murder an Iranian nuclear scientist.[4]
Timeline
Date | Target | Place [15] | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|
15 January 2007[16] | Ardeshir Hosseinpour | Died | |
12 January 2010[17] | Masoud Alimohammadi | Gheytariah Street, in front of Alimohammadi's house | Assassinated |
29 November 2010[18] | Majid Shahriari | Near Artesh Boulevard | Assassinated |
29 November 2010[19] | Fereydoon Abbasi | Velenjak, in front of Shahid Beheshti University | Survived |
23 July 2011[20] | Darioush Rezaeinejad | In front of his house[21] | Assassinated |
11 January 2012[3] | Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan | Ketabi Sqare, Golnabi Street | Assassinated |
3 January 2015[4] | Unknown | Unknown | Thwarted[4] |
Events
15 January 2007
Ardeshir Hosseinpour was initially reported to have died of "gas poisoning from a faulty heater. "[12] Later reports indicated foul play. American, private, intelligence company Stratfor released a report on 2 February 2007 in which the claim was made, based on "sources very close to Israeli intelligence," that the victim was "in fact a long-time Mossad target."[22][23]
In 2014, Ardeshir's sister, Mahboobeh Hosseinpour, interviewed from Turkey in a conversation arranged by "The New Iran" opposition group, claimed that her brother was murdered by Iran's Revolutionary Guards rather than by Israel, for refusing to participate in "Iran’s nuclear enrichment program whose use was for atomic [weapons] purposes."[16][24] According to Stratfor, Hosseinpour died of radiation poisoning.[25]
12 January 2010
At 7:58 am "a remote-controlled bomb attached to a motorcycle", parked near the car of Masoud Alimohammadi, exploded as he left his home in the Gheytariyeh neighbourhood of northern Tehran to go to a university.[17] Windows of houses around the scientist's home were shattered by the force of the blast, and two more people were reportedly injured. According to the BBC, the jolt made neighbors think that an earthquake had struck.[17]
The assassination was reportedly carried out by Majid Jamali Fashi,[26][27][28] who stated in a televised confession, [3] confirmed as genuine by Western intelligence officials,[27] that he'd acted on the instructions of Mossad and had been trained in Tel Aviv. "I woke up at 4 and made a call, the plan had not changed. I parked the motorbike near the tree," Fashi said in his confession. Alimohammadi's wife said, "I heard the explosion just when I closed the door."[19]
According to Maziyar Ebrahimi, a perpetrator code-named Amiryal (Persian: "امیریل"), three teams were involved in the Alimohammadi assassination. "Some of them were on their cars watching the situation and covering the area and I was in my car in a further place from the incident place waiting to take them away after the explosion was done," Ebrahimi reportedly said under interrogation.[19] "They told me that he was getting out of the parking lot and I pressed the remote button when I saw him, and moved toward the car waiting for me in the alley. Then we moved away," said Arash Kerhadkish (code-named Farshid, Behzad, and Aran) under interrogation, as reported by the Mehr News Agency.[19]
29 November 2010
Majid Shahriari, a professor at Shahid Beheshti University was killed from a bomb launched from a motorbike.[18] The assassins had attached a carbomb, detonating it from a distance.[29] Shariari's wife, Ghasemi, was a passenger in the car and was injured in the explosion.[19]
"I attached the bomb to the right front door and moved away quickly," said Arash Kerhadkish, who was convicted of assassinating Shahriari. One member of the assassination team was knocked from his motorcycle by the force of the blast. "The motorcycle fell down and one of the riders was injured. We helped him," said Maryam Izadi, a convicted member of the team, under interrogation.
In an almost simultaneous bomb attack, Fereydoon Abbasi, a professor at Shahid Beheshti University, where Shahriari also taught, and his wife were injured.[18] "I had a meeting with Dr. Shahriari at the early morning. ... The bomb was attached to my car at 7:42. We were around the university square and I heard the sound of something colliding with my car and looked back and saw a motorbike. I concluded that that thing colliding with the car was [a] bomb. I stopped at once and told my wife to get out." According to his wife, Abbasi sustained facial and hand injuries.[19]
23 July 2011
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Armita_Rezaeinejad_worship_celebration_%281%29.jpg/260px-Armita_Rezaeinejad_worship_celebration_%281%29.jpg)
Darioush Rezaeinejad was shot five times and killed by motorcycle-riding gunmen in front of his home while he was with his wife after they picked up their daughter from kindergarten. His wife was also wounded in the attack.[30][7][20]
The attack was described by an Israeli intelligence interviewed by Der Spiegel as "the first public operation by new Mossad chief Tamir Pardo".[20][31] Rezaeinejad's wife, Shohreh Pirani, was also wounded in the attack.[32] "I got off quickly and followed the shooter. After running several meters, I realized that they were shooting at me. I fell down and heard the motorcycle go away," she later said.[19]
Initial reports said the gunmen had killed 35-year-old "Darioush Rezaei," a physics professor whose area of expertise was neutron transport, and who was linked to Iran's nuclear program. The victim was subsequently identified as Rezaeinejad, a postgraduate electrical engineering student at Tehran's K.N.Toosi University of Technology, who was expected to defend his thesis[33][34] and working at a "national security research facility."[35][36][37]
After the assassination, the speaker of Iran's parliament Ali Larijani stated that the United States and Israel had killed Rezaeinejad. The U.S. government, through State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland, rejected the accusation."[38]
11 January 2012
Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan was assassinated with a "magnetized explosive" attached to the side of his car on his way to work on the second anniversary of Masoud Alimohammadi's murder at 8:30 am in Shahid Golnabi Street, Seyed Khandan, eastern Tehran.[39]
According to Western intelligence sources, Ahmadi Roshan was "a victim of Israel's Mossad."[3] "In this location, we reached the car and attached the bomb to the car and the bomb exploded near the white fence," said Arash Kerhadkish, under interrogation, as reported by the Mehr News Agency.[19]
January 2015
Iranian authorities claimed they had thwarted another Mossad attempt to assassinate an Iranian nuclear scientist.[4]
Responsibility
While the assassinations were being carried out, there was speculation about the identity of their perpetrators. Although the Israeli Mossad intelligence service was seen as the most likely candidate, other suspects included Iranian opposition groups such as MEK, intelligence operatives from Arab countries opposed to the Iranian regime, and the United States.[6][40][41]
Iran blamed Israel and the U.S. for the assassinations.[3] Secretary of State Hillary Clinton categorically denied any U.S. role in the killings, a denial called "plausible" by analysts given the reported lack of U.S. intelligence assets in Iran.[41] Israel neither confirmed nor denied its role in the killings.[9][10]
In early 2011 Majid Fashi confessed to the killing of Masoud Alimohammadi on Iranian state television, saying that he had trained for the operation at a Mossad facility near Tel Aviv. Fashi was executed in May 2012. That month, Iranian authorities announced the arrest of another 14 Iranians – eight men and six women – described as an Israeli-trained terror cell responsible for five of the attacks on Iranian scientists.[5] Iran's IRTV Channel 1 broadcast a half-hour documentary, Terror Club, which included "the televised confessions of the 12 suspects allegedly involved in the killings of Ali-Mohammadi, Shahriari, Rezaeinejad, and Roshan, and the attempted killing of Abbasi."[3][42][43] According to Time, Western intelligence officials confirmed the cracking of two Mossad-backed espionage rings by Iranian intelligence.[5] Officials in the Obama administration also reportedly confirmed Israeli involvement.[6][7] According to Dan Raviv, Mossad officials were "pissed off and shocked" to see their intelligence assets paraded on Iranian television.[44] After the arrests, Iran said it was confident it had arrested all those responsible for the attacks.[4] Time said that Iran attempted to retaliate against Israel for the assassinations by launching up to 20 hastily-organized attacks on Israeli diplomatic missions around the world in 2012, none of which were successful.[5]
Israel has never publicly confirmed or denied responsibility for the assassinations, and Israeli officials have expressed readiness to employ all necessary means in the nation's defence.[4][45] Israeli defence minister Moshe Ya'alon said in an interview with Der Spiegel, "Ultimately it is very clear, one way or another, Iran's military nuclear programme must be stopped ... We will act in any way and are not willing to tolerate a nuclear-armed Iran. We prefer that this be done by means of sanctions, but in the end, Israel should be able to defend itself." Ya'alon added that he was not responsible "for the life expectancy of Iranian scientists."[8]
The assassination campaign against Iranian nuclear scientists reportedly ended in 2013 following pressure on Israel from the Obama administration to stop the attacks during negotiations with Iran to restrict its nuclear programme.[44][9][10] Mossad officials also reportedly concluded that the attacks were "too dangerous" for valuable intelligence operatives in Iran.[44] The organisation has since reportedly instructed its Iranian spy network to concentrate on finding evidence of Iranian breaches of its nuclear-restriction agreements.[44]
Although Israel is responsible for the 2010–2012 murder campaign against Iranian nuclear scientists, uncertainty surrounds the 2007 death of Iranian scientist Ardeshir Hosseinpour. Hosseinpour was reported by Iranian authorities to have died from gas poisoning caused by a faulty heater,[12] but a six-day delay in their announcement raised suspicions outside Iran. According to Stratfor, Hosseinpour was assassinated by Mossad using radiation poisoning; Iranian officials denied this, calling their scientists "safe."[12] In 2014 Hosseinpour's sister, Mahboobeh, accused the Iranian Revolutionary Guard of killing him for his alleged refusal to work on Iran's nuclear-enrichment program. Mahboobeh said that she obtained the information from Ardeshir's widow.[46][47][25]
Reactions
![Indoor memorial, with photos and an Iranian flag](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Memorial_of_Iranian_Murdered_scientists.jpg/220px-Memorial_of_Iranian_Murdered_scientists.jpg)
The U.S. government condemned the murders without implicating any party.[14] However, some American politicians took a different, sadistic and bloodthirsty view. Former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich supported "taking out [Iranian] scientists," and presidential candidate Rick Santorum called the killings "a wonderful thing."[14]
Israel Defense Forces spokesman General Yoav Mordechai said that he had "no idea who targeted [Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan] but I certainly don't shed a tear."[14] Mehdi Hasan wrote in The Guardian, "These 'men on motorbikes' have been described as 'assassins'. But assassination is just a more-polite word for murder ... How many more of our values will we shred in the name of security? Once we have allowed our governments to order the killing of ... fellow human beings, in secret, without oversight or accountability, what other powers will we dare deny them?"[1]
Historian Michael Burleigh compared the murders to the Allied bombing of Nazi V2 rocket sites during World War II, noting that the bombers "were not unduly concerned whether scientists and engineers were killed too, nor foreign slave labourers, provided the V2s ceased raining down on London." According to Burleigh, scientists are not abstract researchers; there are "real world" consequences of their actions, and he "shall not shed any tears whenever one of these [Iranian] scientists encounters one of the unforgiving men on motorbikes ... Except that if Israel ventures down this road, I cannot think of much of an argument to prevent Iran following them, and then anyone else who decides to follow."[41]
Mossad's murders have reportedly had a "chilling impact" on the Iranian scientific community, making it "more difficult for the regime to recruit anyone [for] national-security research efforts".[7] Paul Koring wrote that the assassinations, regardless of their effectiveness, "left a real trail of grief". Koring cited Shorheh Pirani, the widow of Darioush Rezaeinejad, who was gunned down in front of his wife and five-year-old daughter. A year after the murder, he wrote that Armita "still draws pictures of her father. In them, she and her mother always have their mouths open in terrified screams. 'Every day', Mrs Pirani said, 'she makes that painting.'"[7] Supreme Leader of Iran Ali Khamenei condemned the attacks, saying that they aimed to hinder the Iranian scientific movement.[48]
See also
- Assassination and terrorism in Iran
- Chain murders of Iran
- Targeted killings by Israel Defense Forces
References
- ^ a b Hasan, Mehdi (12 January 2012). "Iran's nuclear scientists are not being assassinated. They are being murdered". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- ^ Meikle, James (12 January 2012). "Iran: timeline of attacks". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g Vick, Karl; Klein, Aaron J. (13 January 2012). "Who Assassinated an Iranian Nuclear Scientist? Israel Isn't Telling". Time. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Staff writers (4 January 2015). "Iran 'thwarts Mossad attempt to assassinate nuclear scientist'". Russia Today. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
- ^ a b c d Vick, Kar (13 February 2013). "Spy Fail: Why Iran Is Losing Its Covert War with Israel". Time. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ a b c Cockburn, Patrick (6 October 2013). "Just who has been killing Iran's nuclear scientists?". The Independent. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Koring, Paul (18 June 2012). "The undeclared war on Iran's nuclear program". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
- ^ a b Staff writers. "Israel behind assassinations of Iran nuclear scientists, Ya'alon hints". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
- ^ a b c Buchanan, Rose Troup (8 August 2015). "Israeli defence minister says he is 'not responsible' for lives of Iranian nuclear scientists following historic US-Iran deal". Independent. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ a b c "Israel to Resume Assassinations of Iranian Nuclear Scientists?". ArutzSheva. 7 August 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ Rock Center with Brian Williams (6 December 2014). "Israel teams with terror group to kill Iran's nuclear scientists, U.S. officials tell NBC News". NBC News. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Tehran denies reports on scientist's "assassination"". Xinhua News Agency. 5 February 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2007.
- ^ Borger, Julia; Kamali Dehghan, Saeed (5 December 2010). "Covert war against Iran's nuclear aims takes chilling turn". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- ^ a b c d Levs, Josh (11 January 2012). "Who's killing Iranian nuclear scientists?". CNN. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
- ^ "Terror table of Iranian nuclear scientists within last two years". Hamshahri Online. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ^ a b Friedson, Felice (30 September 2014). "Iranian Nuclear Physicist Killed by Revolutionary Guard, Not Israel: Sister". The Media Line. Archived from the original on 30 September 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Cowell, Alan (12 January 2010). "Blast Kills Physics Professor in Tehran". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
- ^ a b c Staff writers (29 November 2010). "Iranian nuclear scientist killed in motorbike attack". BBC News.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Broadcast of the details of the terror operations". Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 5 August 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ^ a b c "Israel behind killing of Iranian scientist - report". DAWN.COM. 2 August 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ^ "Precise details of assassination of Rezaeinejad". Mashregnews (in Persian). Retrieved 13 February 2017.
- ^ "Geopolitical Diary: Israeli Covert Operations in Iran". Stratfor. 2 February 2007. Archived from the original on 10 October 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2007.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) (requires premium subscription) - ^ Melman, Yossi (4 February 2007). "U.S. website: Mossad killed Iranian nuclear physicist". Haaretz. Retrieved 5 February 2007.
- ^ "Iranian nuclear physicist killed by Revolutionary Guard, not Israel, relative claims". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ^ a b "Iran accused of assassinating its own nuclear scientist". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ^ "Iran death penalty for 'Israeli spy' Majid Jamali Fashi". 28 August 2011 – via www.bbc.com.
- ^ a b Vick, Karl. "Mossad Cutting Back on Covert Operations Inside Iran, Officials Say". Time. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ^ "Iran hangs 'Mossad spy' Majid Jamali Fashi for killing scientist". The Independent. 16 May 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ^ Yong, William; Worth, Robert F. (29 November 2010). "Bombings Hit Atomic Experts in Iran Streets". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
- ^ "Iran: Scientist shot dead in Tehran", BBC, 23 July 2011
- ^ "Der Spiegel: Mossad behind Iran hit". Ynetnews. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ^ "Iran: Scientist shot dead in Tehran". 23 July 2011 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "Iran denies assassinated academic worked on nuclear projects" by Saeed Kamali Dehghan, The Guardian, 25 July 2011
- ^ "Photo of the Day": Funeral of Darioush Rezaeinejad, Yahoo News
- ^ Koring, Paul (18 June 2012). "The undeclared war on Iran's nuclear program". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help) - ^ AP Photo (24 July 2011). "Photo of the Day". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
Iranians carry coffin of Darioush Rezaeinejad, in a funeral ceremony, on Sunday, 24 July 2011, in Tehran, Iran, after he was killed in a deadly shooting on Saturday. Iran said the victim was a university student _ not a physicist involved in the disputed nuclear program as state media first reported. Initial reports said a pair of gunmen firing from motorcycles killed 35-year-old Darioush Rezaei, a physics professor whose area of expertise was neutron transport. Several news reports, including by the semi-official ISNA news agency, linked him to the country's nuclear program. But an investigation later determined the slain man was Darioush Rezaeinejad, an electronics student at Khajeh Nasir University in Tehran.
- ^ "Iran media: Wrong man killed".
- ^ "US denies killing scientist, presses Iran", AF, 25 July 2011
- ^ Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (11 January 2012). "Iran nuclear scientist killed in Tehran motorbike bomb attack". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ^ Staff writers (9 February 2012). "Israel's Mossad Trained Assassins of Iran Nuclear Scientists, Report Says". Haaretz. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
- ^ a b c Burleigh, Michael (12 January 2012). "An informal addition to the laws of physics – don't work for Iran". The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
- ^ Torbati, Yeganeh (6 August 2012). "Iran airs "confessions" in killings of nuclear scientists". Reuters. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ Staff writers (22 February 2013). "Iran: Guarantee Rights of 'Terror' Suspects". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ a b c d Raviv, Dan (1 March 2014). "U.S. pushing Israel to stop assassinating Iranian nuclear scientists". CBS News. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ^ Staff writers (1 April 2015). "Iran accuses Israel of killing nuclear scientists". i24news. Archived from the original on 1 March 2016. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Haaretz (2 October 2014). "Sister of Murdered Iranian Nuclear Scientist Blames Revolutionary Guards – Not Israel". Haaretz. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ^ Friedson, Felice. "Israel didn't assassinate Iranian physicist in 2007 — Revolutionary Guard did, sister says". National Post. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ^ "10 sentences by Supreme leader of Iran regarding the Nuclear martyrs". Khamenei. 7 January 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2016.