Hy (programming language): Difference between revisions

Hy
	Hy logo - Cuddles the cuttlefish
Paradigm	Multi-paradigm: procedural, functional, object-oriented, meta, reflective, generic
Family	Lisp
Designed by	Paul Tagliamonte
Developers	Core team
First appeared	2013; 11 years ago
Preview release	0.18.0 / 2 February 2020; 4 years ago
Scope	lexical, optionally dynamic[citation needed]
Platform	IA-32, x86-64
OS	Cross-platform
License	MIT-style
Filename extensions	.hy
Website	hylang.org
Influenced by
	Lisp, Kawa, Clojure, Common Lisp

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Revision as of 14:41, 14 February 2020

Hy (alternately, Hylang) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp designed to interact with the language Python by translating expressions into Python's abstract syntax tree (AST).^[1] Hy was introduced at Python Conference (PyCon) 2013 by Paul Tagliamonte.^[2]

Similar to Kawa's and Clojure's mapping of s-expressions onto the Java virtual machine (JVM),^[3] Hy is meant to operate as a transparent Lisp front end to Python's abstract syntax.^[4] Lisp allows operating on code as data (metaprogramming). Thus, Hy can be used to write domain-specific languages.^[5] Hy also allows Python libraries, including the standard library, to be imported and accessed alongside Hy code with a compiling^{[note 1]} step converting the data structure of both into Python's AST.^{[note 2]}^[6]^[7]^[8]

From the language documentation:^[9]

=> (print "Hy!")
Hy!
=> (defn salutationsnm [name] (print (+ "Hy " name "!")))
=> (salutationsnm "YourName")
Hy YourName!

^ "Compiled" is a term which may apply to expressing Hy code in Python's AST or converting that AST into bytecode, the latter being dependent on the specific Python interpreter used and not Hy.
^ Hy is tested on Python 2.7, 3.4 through 3.6, and PyPy.

^ Danjou, Julien (2018). Serious Python: black-belt advice on deployment, scalability, testing, and more. San Francisco, CA: No Starch Press. pp. 145–149. ISBN 9781593278793. OCLC 1057729260.
^ Tagliamonte, Paul (2 April 2013). PyCon lightning talk (Speech). Python Conference (PyCon). Santa Clara. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
^ Turto, Tuukka (14 February 2014). "Programming Can Be Fun with Hy". Open Source For You. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
^ Edge, Jake (30 April 2014). "Getting Hy on Python". LWN.net. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
^ Tagliamonte, Paul (11 April 2014). Getting Hy on Python: How to implement a Lisp front-end to Python (Speech). PyCon. Montreal. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
^ "Hy Documentation". hylang.org. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
^ Danjou, Julien (26 March 2014). "The AST". The Hacker's Guide to Python. pp. 165–172.
^ Kitchin, John (31 March 2016). "More on Hy and why I think it is a big deal". The Kitchin Research Group. Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
^ "Quickstart". Hylang.org. 15 May 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.

Timeline of Lisp dialects
v
t
e
1958	1965	1970	1975	1980	1985	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2020
LISP 1, 1.5, LISP 2^(abandoned)
	Maclisp
		Interlisp
		MDL
			Lisp Machine Lisp
			Scheme				R5RS		R6RS	R7RS small
			NIL
				ZIL (Zork Implementation Language)
				Franz Lisp
				Common Lisp		ANSI standard
				Le Lisp
				MIT Scheme
				XLISP
					T
					Chez Scheme
					Emacs Lisp
					AutoLISP
					PicoLisp
					Gambit
						EuLisp
						ISLISP
						OpenLisp
						PLT Scheme				Racket
						newLISP
						GNU Guile
								Visual LISP
									Clojure
									Arc
									LFE
										Hy
											Chialisp

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 | latest release version =
 | latest release date = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=yes/no}} -->
-| latest preview version = 0.17.0
+| latest preview version = 0.18.0
-| latest preview date = {{Start date and age|2019|05|20|df=yes}}
+| latest preview date = {{Start date and age|2020|02|02|df=yes}}
 | typing =
 | scope = lexical, optionally dynamic{{citation needed |date=July 2017}}