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The plural form of lira, as used on the currency, is either ''lirat'' (ليرات) or the same, whilst there were four forms for qirsh: the dual ''qirshān'' (قرشان), the plural ''qurush'' (قروش) used with numbers 3–10, the accusative singular ''qirshan'' (قرشا) used with 11–99, or the genitive singular ''qirshi'' (قرش) used with multiples of 100. In both cases, the number determines which plural form is used. Before the [[Second World War]], the Arabic spelling of the subdivision was غرش (''girsh''). All of Lebanon's coins and banknotes are bilingual in Arabic and French.
The plural form of lira, as used on the currency, is either ''lirat'' (ليرات) or the same, whilst there were four forms for qirsh: the dual ''qirshān'' (قرشان), the plural ''qurush'' (قروش) used with numbers 3–10, the accusative singular ''qirshan'' (قرشا) used with 11–99, or the genitive singular ''qirshi'' (قرش) used with multiples of 100. In both cases, the number determines which plural form is used. Before the [[Second World War]], the Arabic spelling of the subdivision was غرش (''girsh''). All of Lebanon's coins and banknotes are bilingual in Arabic and French.


Since December 1997 the rate of the pound has [[Fixed exchange rate system|been fixed at]] 1515.02 pounds per US$ (14/02/2020).<ref name="bankkofleb2"/>
Since December 1997 the rate of the pound has [[Fixed exchange rate system|been fixed at]] 1515.02 pounds per US$ (February 14th, 2020).<ref name="bankkofleb2"/>
Since August 2019, the pressure on the peg has started, creating a parallel rate in the market. The two-rate market is a textbook case of weakening Central Bank reserves that are not able to defend the official exchange rate. Continuous financial pressures driven by unsustainable sovereign debt, high trade deficit and deposit outflows due to loss of confidence are threatening the peg for the first time since 1992.
Since August 2019, the pressure on the peg has started, creating a parallel rate in the market. The two-rate market is a textbook case of weakening Central Bank reserves that are not able to defend the official exchange rate. Continuous financial pressures driven by unsustainable sovereign debt, high trade deficit and deposit outflows due to loss of confidence are threatening the peg for the first time since 1992.


Revision as of 16:36, 3 May 2020

Lebanese pound
ليرة لبنانية (Arabic)
livre libanaise (French)
Billet 1000 Lebanese pounds, written in Arabic on one side and French on the other side
ISO 4217
CodeLBP (numeric: 422)
Subunit0.01
Unit
SymbolTemplate:Rtl-lang
LL (international)‎
Denominations
Subunit
 1⁄100piastre
Banknotes1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, 100,000 pounds
Coins250, 500 pounds
Demographics
User(s) Lebanon
Issuance
Central bankBanque du Liban
 Websitewww.bdl.gov.lb
Valuation
Inflation4.5%
 SourceThe World Factbook, 2017 est.
Pegged withUS dollar
$1 US = 1507.5 LBP[1]

The Lebanese pound (Arabic: ليرة لبنانية lira libnaniyya; French: livre libanaise; sign: Template:Rtl-lang, ISO 4217: LBP) is the currency of Lebanon. It used to be divided into 100 piastres (or qirsh) but high inflation in the Lebanese Civil War has eliminated the need for subdivisions.

The plural form of lira, as used on the currency, is either lirat (ليرات) or the same, whilst there were four forms for qirsh: the dual qirshān (قرشان), the plural qurush (قروش) used with numbers 3–10, the accusative singular qirshan (قرشا) used with 11–99, or the genitive singular qirshi (قرش) used with multiples of 100. In both cases, the number determines which plural form is used. Before the Second World War, the Arabic spelling of the subdivision was غرش (girsh). All of Lebanon's coins and banknotes are bilingual in Arabic and French.

Since December 1997 the rate of the pound has been fixed at 1515.02 pounds per US$ (February 14th, 2020).[2] Since August 2019, the pressure on the peg has started, creating a parallel rate in the market. The two-rate market is a textbook case of weakening Central Bank reserves that are not able to defend the official exchange rate. Continuous financial pressures driven by unsustainable sovereign debt, high trade deficit and deposit outflows due to loss of confidence are threatening the peg for the first time since 1992.

In April 2020, the parallel exchange rate reached an unprecedented high of 3090 to the Dollar [3] [4]

History

Before World War I, the Ottoman lira was used. In 1918, after the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the currency became the Egyptian pound. Upon gaining control of Syria and Lebanon, the French replaced the Egyptian pound with a new currency for Syria and Lebanon, the Syrian pound, which was linked to the French franc at a value of 1 pound = 20 francs. Lebanon issued its own coins from 1924 and banknotes from 1925. In 1939, the Lebanese currency was officially separated from that of Syria, though it was still linked to the French franc and remained interchangeable with Syrian money. In 1941, following France's defeat by Nazi Germany, the currency was linked instead to the British pound sterling at a rate of 8.83 Lebanese pounds = 1 pound sterling.[5] A link to the French franc was restored after the war but was abandoned in 1949.

Before the Lebanese Civil War, 1 U.S. dollar was worth 3 pounds. During the Lebanese Civil War the value decreased rapidly until 1992, when one dollar was worth over 2500 pounds. Subsequently the value increased again, and since December 1997 the rate of the pound has been fixed at 1507.5 pounds per US$.[2]

Coins

Lebanon's first coins were issued in 1924 in denominations of 2 and 5 girush (note the different spelling to post WWII coins) with the French denominations given in "piastres syriennes" (Syrian piastres). Later issues did not include the word "syriennes" and were in denominations of 1⁄2, 1, 2, 2+1⁄2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 girsha. During World War II, rather crude 1⁄2, 1 and 2+1⁄2 girsh coins were issued.

After the war, the Arabic spelling was changed from girsh (غرش) to qirsh (قرش). Coins were issued in the period 1952 to 1986 in denominations of 1, 2+1⁄2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 qirsh and 1 lira. No coins were issued between 1986 and 1994, when the current series of coins was introduced. Coins in current use are:[6]

Current series of the coins of the Lebanese pound
Image Value Metal Color
Template:Rtl-lang Nickel-plated iron white
Template:Rtl-lang Stainless steel white
Template:Rtl-lang Copper-clad brass red copper
Template:Rtl-lang

(2003 Issue)

Stainless steel white
Template:Rtl-lang Aluminum-nickel-bronze golden yellow
Template:Rtl-lang Nickel-plated steel white

Banknotes

An obsolete 100 pound note

Lebanon's first banknotes were issued by the Banque du Syrie et Grand-Liban (Bank of Syria and Greater Lebanon) in 1925. Denominations ran from 25 girsha through to 100 pounds. In 1939, the bank's name was changed to the Bank of Syria and Lebanon. The first 250-pound notes appeared that year. Between 1942 and 1950, the government issued "small change" paper money in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 girsh or qirsh (the change in spelling occurred during these years). After 1945, the Bank of Syria and Lebanon continued to issue paper money for Lebanon but the notes were denominated specifically in "Lebanese pounds" (ليرة لبنانية, livre libanaise) to distinguish them from Syrian notes. Notes for 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 pounds were issued.

The Banque du Liban (Bank of Lebanon) was established by the Code of Money and Credit on 1 April 1964.[7] On 1 August 1963 decree No. 13.513 of the “Law of References: Banque Du Liban 23 Money and Credit” granted the Bank of Lebanon the sole right to issue notes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 250 pounds, expressed in Arabic on the front, and French (livres) on the back. Higher denominations were issued in the 1980s and 1990s as inflation drastically reduced the currency's value. Banknotes in the current use are:

Current series (2012)[8]
Image Value Main Colour
Template:Rtl-lang Green
Template:Rtl-lang Pink
Template:Rtl-lang Yellow
Template:Rtl-lang Red
Template:Rtl-lang Blue
Template:Rtl-lang Green

All current notes feature an Arabic side with the value in Arabic script numerals of large size. The other side is in French with the serial number in both Arabic and Latin script and in bar code below the latter one.

See also

Current LBP exchange rates
From Google Finance: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD
From Yahoo! Finance: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD
From XE.com: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD
From OANDA: AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD

References

  1. ^ "About Banque du Liban | History of Banque du Liban". www.bdl.gov.lb. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Economic & Financial Data". Banque du Liban. Archived from the original on 2013-03-12. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  3. ^ "Unofficial Lebanese Lira market".
  4. ^ "Lebanese Lira is Stable THE 961".
  5. ^ "Payment Media, Banknotes and Coins - The Historical Development of the Lebanese Pound". Banque du Liban. Archived from the original on 2008-12-26. Retrieved 2008-12-31.
  6. ^ "Lebanese Currency Coins". Banque du Liban. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
  7. ^ Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Lebanon". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.
  8. ^ "Banque du liban". www.bdl.gov.lb. Retrieved 2017-09-05.
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