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Steaua
logo
Full nameFotbal Club Steaua Bucureşti
Nickname(s)Roş-Albaştrii (The Red and Blues)
Militarii (The Army Men)
Magica Steaua (Magic Steaua)
Viteziştii (The Speedbusters)
Founded7 June 1947
GroundStadionul Ghencea,
Bucharest, Romania
Capacity28,139[1]
ChairmanRomania Valeriu Argăseală
Head CoachRomania Gheorghe Hagi
LeagueLiga I
2006-07Liga I, 2nd
This article is about the football club. For the sports club, see CSA Steaua Bucureşti

Fotbal Club Steaua Bucureşti (also known as Steaua, Roş-Albaştrii or Militarii) are a Romanian professional football club based in Ghencea, south-west Bucharest. They play in Liga I and are the most successful club in Romanian football. Steaua have won 23 National Championship titles, 20 Romanian Cups, 5 Romanian Super Cups and, in 1986, became the first team in Eastern Europe to have won the European Cup.

Founded on 7 June 1947 as ASA Bucureşti, the club changed its name several times before settling on Steaua in 1961.

The club is historically known as the Romanian Army sports club. The football department separated, however, in 1998. At the moment, its only links to the Army are the historical tradition and their home ground, Stadionul Ghencea, which still belongs to the Ministry of National Defence.

History

Main article: History of FC Steaua

Steaua were founded on 7 June 1947, at the initiative of several officers of the Romanian Royal House, through a decree signed by General Mihail Lascăr, High Commander of the Romanian Royal Army, under the name of ASA Bucureşti (Asociaţia Sportivă a Armatei Bucureşti – Army Sports Association). The club was formed as a sports society with seven initial sections, including football, coached by Coloman Braun-Bogdan.[2]. They were renamed CSCA (Clubul Sportiv Central al Armatei – Central Sports Club of the Army) in 1948 and CCA (Casa Centrală a Armatei – Central House of the Army) in 1950.[3]

In 1949, CSCA won its first trophy, the Romanian Cup, defeating CSU Cluj 2–1 in the final. Under the name of CCA, the club entered the high-life of Romanian football by winning three Championship titles in a row in 1951, 1952 and 1953, along with their first Championship-Cup Double in 1951. The 1950s were years of great domestic performances, in which the so-called CCA Golden Team became nationally famous.[4] In 1956, the National Team of Romania, comprised exclusively of CCA players, took on Yugoslavia in Belgrade and won 1–0.[5] During the same year, CCA, coached by Ilie Savu, was the first Romanian team to enterprise a tournament in England where they achieved noteworthy results against the likes of Luton Town FC, Arsenal FC, Sheffield Wednesday FC and Wolverhampton Wanderers FC.[6]

The official entrance to Steaua's Stadionul Ghencea

At the end of 1961 CCA changed its name once again to CSA Steaua Bucureşti (Clubul Sportiv al Armatei Steaua – Army Sports Club Steaua).[7] The club's new name translates The Star. It was adopted because of the presence of a red star (symbol of most East-European clubs of the Army and turned yellow to symbolize Romania's tricolour flag) on their crest. A poor period of almost two decades followed in which the club only managed to win 3 championships (1967–68, 1975–76, 1977–78). Instead, they managed to win 9 national cup trophies. For this matter, the team gained the nickname of cup specialists.[8] Also during this period, on 9 April 1974, Steaua's current ground, Stadionul Ghencea, was inaugurated with a friendly match opposing OFK Beograd.[9] Up to that date, Steaua had played its home matches on either two of Bucharest's largest multi-use stadia, Republicii[10] and 23 August[11].

Under the leadership of coaches Emerich Jenei and Anghel Iordănescu, Steaua had an impressive Championship run in the 1984–85 season, which they eventually won after a six-year break. Subsequently, they were the first Romanian team to make it to a European Cup final. On 7 May 1986, at the Estadio Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán in Seville, in spite of Spanish champions' FC Barcelona status as favourites, the match ended goalless. Eventually, at the penalty shootout, goalkeeper Helmuth Duckadam saved all four penalties taken by the Spaniards[12], making Steaua the first East-European team to conquer the supreme continental trophy. An additional European Super Cup was won that year in front of SK Dinamo Kiev. Steaua remained at the top of European football for the rest of the decade, managing one more European Cup semifinal in 1987–88 and one more European Cup final in 1989, lost 4–0 in front of AC Milan. This happened next to their four additional national titles (1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89) and four national cups (1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89). In addition, from June 1986 to September 1989, Steaua ran a record 104-match undefeated streak in the championship, setting a world record for that time and a European one still standing.[13]

File:Sarbatoarea titlului 23-2109076682.jpg
Steaua celebrating their 23rd championship won in 2006 in Vaslui

The 1989 Romanian Revolution led the country towards a free open market and, subsequently, several players of the 1980s team left for other clubs in the West. After a short pull-back, a swift recovery followed and Steaua managed a six consecutive championship streak between 1992–93 and 1997–98 to equalize the 1920s performance of Chinezul Timişoara[14] and also three more cups in 1995–96, 1996–97 and 1998–99. At international level, they also managed to make it to the UEFA Champions League group stage three years in a row between 1994–95 and 1996–97, remaining even today the only team in Romania to have participated in this competition.

In 1998, the football club separated from CSA Steaua and changed their name for the last time to FC Steaua Bucureşti (Fotbal Club Steaua – Football Club Steaua),[15] being led by Romanian businessman Viorel Păunescu. Păunescu performed poorly as a president and soon the club was plunged into debt.[16] George Becali, another businessman, was offered the position of vice-president, in hope that he would invest money in the club. Becali eventually purchased the majority share in 2002 and turned the governing company public in January 2003.[17] Even though contested by the majority of Steaua fans because of his controversial character,[18] Becali has so far had inspired management plans for the club, also aided by former Chief Executive Mihai Stoica.

Under former Italian glory Walter Zenga's leadership, the team qualified for the UEFA Cup group stage in the 2004–05 season and further on became the first Romanian team to make it to the European football spring since 1993 (which was also Steaua's performance). The team also won the title at the end of the season, performance repeated the following year, when, under coaches Oleg Protasov (July – December) and Cosmin Olăroiu (January – May), they also managed to make it to the UEFA Cup Semifinals (dramatically knocked out by Middlesbrough FC[19]) after having eliminated local rivals AFC Rapid Bucureşti in an epic all-Romanian Quarter Final[20]) and to win the Romanian Super Cup (1–0 against the same Rapid Bucureşti), the latter being the club's 50th trophy in its 59 year history.[21] Steaua qualified for the UEFA Champions League 2006–07 season afterwards for the first time in 10 years.

Historical controversies

Apart from their productive history, there are also several existing controversies regarding Steaua's past and its ownership by the Romanian Army before the 1989 Romanian Revolution. Debatable items inside the topic include the club's establishment, its activity only in the Liga I, means of transferring players and involvement of the Ceauşescu family in the life of the team during the 1980s.

The club was, however, founded by the Royal Army, on 7 June 1947[22], at which time Romania's form of government was the constitutional monarchy. Nevertheless, at the beginning of their first season, even though supposing to attend a play-off for 2nd league promotion, the club profited from Carmen Bucureşti's championship exclusion out of political reasons, whose place in the 1st league it ultimately took.[23] Subsequently, the team never relegated and is currently one of the 3 teams to have only played inside the first league, along with FC Dinamo Bucureşti and FCU Politehnica Ştiinţa Timişoara.

Another issue highly contested is the means players would transfer to the club. The topic is, nonetheless, debatable as it links to the organization of sporting activities inside former Communist countries. As of 1947, the new Communist government instituted norms stating that every sports association was to be linked to a certain form of trade union or governmental institution.[24] As professional football was therefore abolished, players would move between teams as arrangements between the clubs' governing institutions, and not as regular market economy transactions. Being, thus, the club of the Army, several young gifted players would often be tempted by Steaua to join their ranks, having the advantages of better conditions ensured by the club, the opportunity of a more productive career, but also of being exempted from the compulsory military stage.[25] Gheorghe Hagi was borrowed from FC Sportul Studenţesc for the 1987 European Super Cup match with SK Dinamo Kiev and afterwards continued, at his will, to play for Steaua, despite his former club's opposition.[26] Another example considered suspicious by the club's contestants is the one of Gheorghe Popescu, transferred in 1988 from FC Universitatea Craiova, apparently without the club's or player's consent.[27]

During the last years of the Communist regime in Romania (app. second half of the 1980s), dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu's son Valentin was involved in the life of the team. Even though a controversial character, Valentin Ceauşescu stated in a recent interview that he had done nothing else than to protect his favourite team from Dinamo Bucureşti's sphere of influence (Steaua's all-time traditional rival[28]), ensured by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The topic is, however, still subject to discussion, as claims of Ceauşescu being involved in the life of the team using unethical methods have yet to be proven.[29]

Crest

File:SteauaCrests.jpg
Crests of Steaua throughout its history

ASA Bucureşti was founded by the Royal Army on 7 June 1947[30], at which date the club had no official crest.

As communists assumed total control of the country on 30 December 1947,[31] the Royal Army was transformed into the People's Army and ASA automatically with it. Being inspired by the Red Army, the new Ministry of Defence decided to create a crest for the club, along with the change of name to CSCA, consisting in an A-labeled red star (symbol of the Red Army) on a blue disc.[32]

Two years later, the change of name to CCA brought with it a new crest comprised of the same red star labeled CCA surrounded by a crown of laurel.[33] The all-present star motif on the crest finally had its saying over the new name of Steaua as up 1961.[34] It was opted for a badge which, redesigned, remains up to this day the club's symbol: the red and blue striped background with a golden star in the middle, to symbolize to Romanian tricolour flag.[35] The shape for the emblem was redesigned in 1974, once the team moved to Stadionul Ghencea.[36]

Following the 1989 Romanian Revolution, the Army decided to break all links to the defunct communist regime, so, in 1991, CSA Steaua had a last change of crest with an eagle also present on the Ministry of Defence coat of arms and also on Romania's. As FC Steaua appeared in 1998, the club added two yellow stars on top of the CSA Steaua badge signifying its 20 titles of champions won, along with the Fotbal Club specification.

2003 was the year of the last change of crest, decided by the new Board of Administration run by George Becali, which was a return to the old emblem of 1974–1991, redesigned with the two yellow stars on top.

Colours

During their first season, 1947–48, Steaua wore yellow and red shirts with blue shorts, to symbolize Romania's tricolour flag.[37] Starting with the following season and with the Army's change of identity from the Royal Army to the People's Army, the yellow was gradually given up, so that the official colours remained, up to this day, the red and the blue.

Steaua has never had a standard playing kit. However, the most widely used throughout time was the combination of red shirts, blue shorts and red socks. Other variants have been all-red, all-blue and also shirts in vertical red and blue stripes during the 1960s and 1970s.[38] Other kit colours have very rarely been used. Exceptions were the 1986 European Cup Final in which Steaua wore, for the only time in their history, an all-white kit, the 1999–00 away kit (yellow and red) and the 2005–06 third kit (yellow and black).

The 2007–08 home kit, the same as in the previous season, consists in vertical-striped red and blue shirts with red shorts and socks, while the away strip is all-blue. Various combinations of these kits also occur.

Steaua's kit is currently manufactured by Nike, which was contracted in 2002, after a long partnership with Adidas.[39] No shirt sponsor is displayed at the moment on the strips. However, in 1988, Steaua was the first football team from communist Romania to display the name of a Western company, Ford.[40] Thereafter, several other sponsors succeeded: Castrol, Philips, CBS, Bancorex (initially BRCE), Dialog (currently Orange), BCR and RAFO.

Stadium

Main article: Stadionul Ghencea

Steaua played its three first matches in history at the defunct Venus stadium.[41] Opened in 1931, the venue had previously been in the property of ASC Venus Bucureşti, a club disbanded in 1949.[42] After the ground's demolition through order of the Communist regime, Steaua had played its home matches on either two of Bucharest's largest multi-use stadia, Republicii (built in 1926 and put down in 1984 to make room for the erection of the Casa Poporului) [43] and 23 August (built in 1953). Of these two, 23 August (current Lia Manoliu) was mostly used when two matches between Bucharest clubs were scheduled in the same matchday or for important European matches, while Republicii for regular matches inside the championship.[44]

Steaua currently plays its home matches at the Stadionul Ghencea, a football stadium situated in South-Western Bucharest. Part of Complexul Sportiv Steaua, it was inaugurated on 9 April 1974 when Steaua played a friendly match against OFK Beograd,[45] at which time it was the first football-only stadium ever built in Communist Romania, with no track and field facilities.[46]

The original capacity was 30,000 on benches. A general renovation occurred in 1991. This included installing seats, which dropped the capacity to 28,139[47], inaugurating a floodlighting system[48] and erecting a VIP personal box section.

After a second renovation, in 2006, which included refurbishing the terf, Ghencea is one of the two stadia in Romania (along with Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu[49]) able to host UEFA Champions League events, being a 3rd category arena according to the UEFA classification system[50]. Lately, there have been talks for increasing the capacity to either 45,000 or 60,000.[51]

Romania is also a tenant. The first game played by the national team at Ghencea was in March 1977 against Turkey. 59 other games have been played ever since, the last one occurring in October 2006 against Belarus.[52] Also, several matches from the 1998 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, including the final, have been hosted by the arena.

The stadium, built through order of the Ministry of National Defence inside a former military base and was long used by CSA Steaua.[53] Currently, FC Steaua are the only tenants. Despite lobbying from the current FC Steaua Board of Administration, the venue is still under Romanian Army ownership, but has been leased on a 49 year-long period to the football club as of 2006.[54]

Stadionul Ghencea as seen from Peluza Nord

Players

For more details, see Steaua 2007–08.

Current squad

As of July 21, 2007 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Colombia COL Róbinson Zapata
3 DF Romania ROU Dorin Goian
4 DF Poland POL Paweł Golański
5 DF Romania ROU Ionuţ Rada
6 MF Romania ROU Mirel Rădoi (captain)
7 MF Romania ROU Eric Bicfalvi
8 MF Romania ROU Ovidiu Petre
9 FW Romania ROU Valentin Badea
10 FW Romania ROU Nicolae Dică
12 GK Romania ROU Cornel Cernea
13 DF Nigeria NGA Ifeanyi Emeghara
14 MF Romania ROU Vasilică Cristocea
15 DF Romania ROU Mihai Neşu
No. Pos. Nation Player
16 MF Romania ROU Bănel Nicoliţă
17 DF Romania ROU Eugen Baciu
18 DF Romania ROU Petre Marin
19 FW Romania ROU Victoraş Iacob
20 MF Romania ROU Florin Lovin
23 MF Romania ROU Mihăiţă Pleşan
24 DF Romania ROU Sorin Ghionea
25 FW Romania ROU Adrian Neaga
26 MF Romania ROU Marius Croitoru
29 MF Romania ROU Valentin Bădoi
30 FW Romania ROU Dorel Zaharia
82 GK Romania ROU Cosmin Vâtcă
84 FW Romania ROU Romeo Surdu

Players out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
2 DF Romania ROU Alexandru Iacob (to FC Gloria Buzău until May 2008)
21 DF Romania ROU Răzvan Ochiroşii (to FC Gloria Buzău until May 2008)
–– DF Romania ROU Alexandru Tudose (to FC Gloria Buzău until May 2008)
–– FW Romania ROU Alin Liţu (to FC Gloria Buzău until May 2008)
–– FW Romania ROU Valentin Simion (to FC Gloria Buzău until May 2008)

Notable players throughout history

See Steaua players for a list of the club's most important players throughout time.

Manager history

Ownership

Steaua has always been known as the club of the Romanian Army, who founded it in 1947 as a sports society.[55] The Army continues to own the society, called CSA Steaua Bucureşti at the moment.

The football department however, in order to comply with UEFA rules, separated and turned private in 1998, owned and financed by a non-profit organization called AFC Steaua Bucureşti, chaired by businessman Viorel Păunescu.[56]

In January 2003, the club turned public, under the leadership of investor and current politician George Becali, who had already purchased 51% of the society's shares and later on acquired additional ones to become owner of the club. Currently, Becali detains no official link to the club, as he gradually renounced his shares. However, the facts that the current shareholders, that include several nephews of his[57], are people loyal to him and that he is still in charge of Steaua are obvious.[58] The unofficial and also highly plausible cause of the case was, however, the heavy amount of unpaid taxes added up by the former governing company, AFC Steaua Bucureşti. Their payment towards the tax authority was, according to this version, avoided by transferring its assets to the new-formed company, while the old association went on liquidation bankruptcy.[59]

Support

See also Steaua Fans
Peluza Nord in 2005

As Steaua is, judging by performances, the most successful Romanian football team, they enjoy the biggest support among Romanian football fans. A survey conducted in June 2007 suggested that the Ghencea-based team accounts for approximately 42% of all Romanian football lovers, as opposed to the next two ranked teams, Dinamo, with 12%, and Rapid, with 9%.[60] It is obvious that this large number of supporters owes much to the club’s outstanding performances, both domestically and internationally.

The largest concentration of fans are in Bucharest, notably in areas adjacent to the arena, covering the whole southern half of Bucharest, a city geographically divided by the Dâmboviţa River.[61] Also, the club has an important fan base inside the country, where several towns are renowned for counting vast majorities of Steaua sympathizers, and outside the borders, among Romanian emigrants.

The Steaua Ultras movement began in 1995, when the bases of Armata Ultra (AU), the first Ultras group from Bucharest (and the second in Romania), were set. The group quickly reached an impressive number of members, but, in 2001, they dissolved due to internal problems.[62] Currently Steaua's supporters are not lead by a single group. The most important part of them are located in the Peluza Nord (North End), some others taking their place in the Peluza Sud (South End), where several groups work together.

A heavy debated topic about the fans is the one related to racism. Stemmed from their rivalry with AFC Rapid Bucureşti, whose fans are often envisioned as Roma ethnics[63], the issue degenerated on certain situations in several incidents between factions of supporters of Steaua and Rapid.[64] Also, during the last three seasons, no more than 11 Liga I matchday suspensions and one in the UEFA Cup have been dictated and cumulated against the Ghencea-based club because of crowd turbulence.

More recently, as of 2006, the supporters have formed their own official supporters' association, called AISS (Asociaţia Independentă a Suporterilor Stelişti – Steaua Supporters' Independent Association). AISS was formed as a legal entity with its stated goals of protecting the interests and image of Steaua supporters, as well as identifying and promoting the club's perennial values.[65]

Rivalries

Steaua's most important rivalry is the one against FC Dinamo Bucureşti. Marele Derby (The Great Derby) has been the leading Romanian football encounter in the last 60 years, as Steaua and Dinamo are the two most successful football teams in the country.[66] With 41 titles won altogether (Steaua–23; Dinamo–18), the two clubs have won 23 of the last 26 seasons.[67] It is also a match between the former clubs of the Romanian Army (Steaua) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Dinamo). Not once have there been famous clashes between different factions of supporters of them, in the streets as well as inside the stadium. The heyday was reached before a match kick-off in 1997, when Dinamo fans set a sector of Ghencea Stadium's South End (where they were assigned) on fire.[68] Between October 1991 and April 2000, Steaua enjoyed their moment of glory, counting 19 undefeated official matches in front of their rivals, both in the championship and the cup. Just as well, a period of 17 years and 7 months has been recorded in which Dinamo didn't manage to win away against Steaua in the domestic league.[69]

The second most important rivalry is the one with AFC Rapid Bucureşti. Several matches in the last years between Steaua and Rapid have ended in serious clashes between fans[70] . Rivalry has become even fiercer since Steaua outpassed Rapid in an all-Romanian UEFA Cup quarter final in 2006.

Milder and historical rivalries are also with non-Bucharest teams such as FC Universitatea Craiova, FCU Politehnica Ştiinţa Timişoara, FC Petrolul Ploieşti and CFM Universitatea Cluj.[71]

File:Mondenii.jpg
TV Show Mondenii picturing George Becali and Bănel Nicoliţă

As Steaua is the most popular football team in Romania[72], a good number of musicians or TV and film directors inspired themselves from ideas linked to the Ghencea-based club. Popular reference has appeared however only after the 1989 Romanian Revolution, as mass-media programmes were mostly being dictated by the former communist regime. Therefore, the 2002 Romanian film Furia depicts scenes in which Steaua and Dinamo gangs of supporters are fighting on the streets after a direct match between the two sides.[73] Prima TV comedy show Mondenii often airs sketches parodying Steaua owner George Becali, the players and other representatives around the club.[74] Pro TV series La bloc aired an episode in which characters Nelu and Costel are displayed as representing Steaua in a parking lot match against two other neighbours representing Dinamo.

Several other examples from music can be attributed as Steaua-related. Apart from club anthems played throughout time by Marcel Pavel, Bere Gratis, Gaz pe Foc, an album was released in 2006 as a compilation by Mircea Vintilă, Chicanos, Bogdan Dima and several other artists.[75] Delikt and Ultras are two former hip hop bands whose members ranked the defunct Armata Ultra' brigade and would always show up displaying fan materials. Also, Voltaj, in their song 'MSD2', make reference to the fans in the line Poţi să fii câine sau poţi fi stelist (You can be a dog[76] or you can be a Steaua fan).[77] Eventually, even though resented by the majority of fans,[78] certain manele singers inspire themselves occasionally from several popular football teams in the country, including Steaua.

One of the most famous pop-culture references about the club is however the association with Scooter's song Maria, first sung spontaneously in 2003 by the fans in Peluza Nord after the team would score. Ever since, it has been adopted as an unofficial club anthem and is being played at the stadium at every match, sung together by the supporters. Nonetheless, the song is beginning to lose popularity, mainly because it has become too commercial and many fans do not feel bonded with it anymore.[79]

Records

See also Steaua statistics

Steaua currently boasts itself with probably the most impressive pedigree in Romania. With 60 seasons spent in Liga I, they are one of the three teams to have only played in the first national league, along with FC Dinamo Bucureşti (59 seasons) and FCU Politehnica Ştiinţa Timişoara (6 seasons). At the same time, the club is the current record holder for the number of national championships (23), national cups (20) and national super cups (5). Between 1993 and 1998, their run of six consecutive national titles won equalled the one of Chinezul Timişoara from the 1920s. Internationally, they are the only domestic club to have won a European Cup (European Champions Cup in 1986 and the European Super Cup in 1987) and to have qualified inside a UEFA final (European Champions Cup in 1986 and 1989).

For 3 years and 3 months (June 1986 – September 1989), Steaua counted a number of 104 unbeaten matches in the league, establishing, at that moment, a former world record and a European one still standing. Also inside the national league, they counted 112 matches between November 1989 and August 1996 of unbeatability at Stadionul Ghencea in Liga I. Their run of 17 straight wins in 1988 is another record, equal to the one held by Dinamo one year later.[80]

Tudorel Stoica is the player with the most appearances for Steaua in Liga I, a record unlikely to be broken in the nearby future, as none of the current players have entered the top 10 so far.[81] The club's all-time top scorer in the league is Anghel Iordănescu with 146 goals, a record that also looks solid, out of the same reason as above-mentioned.[82]. Other records are currently owned by former players such as Dorinel Munteanu (most national caps – 131) or Gheorghe Hagi (most goals scored for Romania – 35; most appearances of a Romanian player in the European cups – 93)[83]. Gheorghe Hagi also holds a record for the most expensive transfer abroad from the national league, with USD 4,300,000 paid by Real Madrid CF to Steaua in 1990.[84]

Honours

International

National

Unofficial

  • Cupa Toamnei: 1949
  • Trofee De Goedendag (Brugse Metten): 1987
  • Norcia Winter Cup: 1999

Players

Footnotes

  1. ^ "UEFA Stadium Guide". uefa.com-. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
  2. ^ Dida, Alexandru (21–12–2001), Steaua fotbalului românesc, Pro TV Magazin, nr.51/IV, pp.62–63
  3. ^ Dida, Alexandru (21–12–2001), Steaua fotbalului românesc, Pro TV Magazin, nr. 51/IV, pp.62–63
  4. ^ Brancu, Constantin (1994), Din culisele supercampioanei, Tempus, p.5–8, ISBN 973–95993–1–1
  5. ^ "History". SteauaFC.com. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
  6. ^ "Steaua Anglicană". FCSteaua.ro. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  7. ^ "Istorie". SteauaFC.com. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  8. ^ Nastase, Catalin. "Cupa Romaniei: STEAUA - Otelul Galati". FCSteaua.ro. Retrieved 2007-08-27.
  9. ^ "Ghencea Stadion". StadiumGuide.com. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
  10. ^ Alexe, Anca. "Fost simbol". Jurnalul Naţional. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  11. ^ Ardeleanu, Constantin. "Steaua si Templul din Ghencea". FCSteaua.ro. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
  12. ^ Vintilă, Octavian (02–03–1988), Duckadam - Kasparov şi... Sevilla, Steaua–Rangers Match Programme
  13. ^ "Unbeaten in the Domestic League". RSSSF.com. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
  14. ^ "Romania - List of Champions". RSSSF.com. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  15. ^ Besutiu, Andrei. "Politica mineaza sportul românesc". Ziua. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
  16. ^ Petrache, Bogdan & Predan, Cristian. "Conducatorii vor plati cu averea datoriile cluburilor". 9am.ro. Retrieved 2007-07-07.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ "Planurile lui Becali". Evenimentul. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
  18. ^ Necula, Simona. "Suporterii echipei Steaua au protestat impotriva patronului clubului". Realitatea Românească. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  19. ^ "A nation shares Steaua's grief". UEFA.com. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  20. ^ "Steaua serene after night of drama". UEFA.com. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  21. ^ "Steaua a cucerit al 50-lea trofeu din istoria clubului". HotNews.ro. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  22. ^ Dida, Alexandru (21–12–2001), Steaua fotbalului românesc, Pro TV Magazin, nr.51/IV, pp.62–63
  23. ^ "Carmen Bucureşti". romaniansoccer.ro. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  24. ^ "Unirea Tricolor Bucureşti". romaniansoccer.ro. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  25. ^ Mihai Calin, Cristian Munteanu (2006-09-05). "Achizitii record pentru Steaua". Kent State University. Retrieved 2007-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ "Hagi, pentru prima dată adversar al Stelei". azi.ro. Retrieved 2007-09-05.
  27. ^ "EXCLUSIV/ Gica Popescu - Fuga de la Steaua". kickeronline.ro. Retrieved 2007-09-05.
  28. ^ "Marele derby (the great derby)". footballderbies.com. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  29. ^ "'Mega-interviu' cu Valentin Ceausescu". Ceausescu.org. Retrieved 2007-06-15.
  30. ^ Dida, Alexandru (21–12–2001), Steaua fotbalului românesc, Pro TV Magazin, nr.51/IV, pp.62–63
  31. ^ Mircea Ionnitiu (2003-10-22). "Mircea Ionnitiu : "30 decembrie 1947"". Kent State University. Retrieved 2007-07-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ^ "History". SteauaFC.com. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  33. ^ "History". SteauaFC.com. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  34. ^ "History". SteauaFC.com. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  35. ^ "History". SteauaFC.com. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  36. ^ "Photo Archive". SteauaFC.com. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  37. ^ Various authors (2004-10-23). "Collection [[1947-07-21]] – [[1947-08-21]]". Sportul Romînesc. Retrieved 2007-10-31. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  38. ^ "Arhiva foto". steauafc.com. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
  39. ^ "Steaua renunta la Adidas pentru Nike". adevarul.ro. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
  40. ^ "Steaua ca brand". iaa.ro. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
  41. ^ "La fluier…drepti! Din obisnuinta…." SteauaFC.ro. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
  42. ^ "Venus Bucureşti". romaniansoccer.ro. Retrieved 2007-08-27.
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  47. ^ "UEFA Stadium Guide". uefa.com. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
  48. ^ "Stadion". SteauaFC.com. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
  49. ^ "Dinamo trebuie sa revina pe Stadionul National in UEFA". onlinesport.ro. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  50. ^ "Dinamo nu vrea in Ghencea". Ziua. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
  51. ^ Stan, Sebastian. "60.000 de locuri?". prosport.ro. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
  52. ^ "Istoric - PALMARES ALL-TIME". frf.ro. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  53. ^ "Zisu dă HG-uri". gazetadecluj.ro. Retrieved 2007-08-09.
  54. ^ "Stadionul Stelei va fi concesionat pe o jumatate de secol clubului de fotbal". 9am.ro. Retrieved 2007-08-09.
  55. ^ Dida, Alexandru, Steaua fotbalului românesc, Pro TV Magazin, nr.51/IV, pp.62–63
  56. ^ "Politica mineaza sportul românesc". Ziua. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
  57. ^ "Gigi Becali si-a vandut toate actiunile de la Steaua nepotilor sai". Retrieved 2007-09-06.
  58. ^ "Cine mai conduce Steaua". Retrieved 2007-06-11.
  59. ^ Chican, Marius, Focseneanu, Dorin. "Romanii platesc datoriile Stelei". evz.ro. Retrieved 2007-09-06.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  60. ^ "42% dintre romani sunt stelisti". Ziarul. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
  61. ^ "Armata le dadea papara..." FCSteaua.ro. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  62. ^ "Istoria ultra' incepe cu noi!". FCSteaua.ro. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  63. ^ "Steaua acuzata din nou de rasism". roportal.ro. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
  64. ^ "Rapid - Steaua / dusmanie nula". PresaOnline.com. Retrieved 2007-06-14.
  65. ^ "AISS va prezinta AISS.ro". aiss.ro. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
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  75. ^ "Compilatie, Forza Steaua (CD)". dol.ro. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
  76. ^ 'The Red Dogs' is a common nickname adopted by Dinamo's fans for their team.
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  78. ^ "Protest impotriva manelelor cu si despre Steaua". fcsteaua.ro. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
  79. ^ "Despre Scooter". fcsteaua.ro. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
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  83. ^ Alin Huiu. "Steaua Europeana". onlinesport.ro. Retrieved 2006-08-11.
  84. ^ "Liga I". romaniansoccer.ro. Retrieved 2006-06-15.
  85. ^ as awarded by Gazeta Sporturilor
  86. ^ title split
  87. ^ title split
  88. ^ title split

References

Official websites
Fan websites
Statistics websites

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