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Maynard James Keenan

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Maynard James Keenan

Maynard James Keenan (born James Herbert Keenan on April 17, 1964) is an American rock singer, songwriter, musician, and producer. Although originally from Ohio, Keenan spent his high school years in Michigan and, after serving in the Army in the early 1980s, he attended Kendall College of Art and Design in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He relocated to Los Angeles, California in 1988 to work in interior design and set construction, but soon found himself in the music industry.

Keenan is best known as the lead singer of the rock bands Tool, with whom he has released four studio albums, and A Perfect Circle, with whom he has released three studio albums. In 2003, he created Puscifer as a side project, financing and releasing its first studio album in October 2007. In addition to his music career, he has performed improvisational stand-up comedy, having been inspired to do so by close friend Bill Hicks. Enjoying a family trade of winemaking, he currently resides in Arizona where he owns Merkin Vineyards and Caduceus Cellars. He is also a partner in the Los Angeles restaurant Cobras & Matadors. Since rising to fame, Keenan has been a noted recluse, although he does emerge to support charitable causes.

Early life

Keenan's photo in a United States Military Academy Preparatory School yearbook (class of 1984)

James Keenan was born in Ravenna, Ohio on April 17 1964, the only child of Baptist parents. When his parents divorced in 1973, his father, Michael Loren Keenan, a high school teacher, moved to Michigan and for the next 12 years, Keenan would only see him about once per year. His mother, Judith Marie, remarried, bringing Keenan into a step-family of intolerance and suffering. When Keenan was 11, his mother suffered a paralyzing cerebral aneurysm, which would later serve as the inspiration for many of his creative works. Two years later, she persuaded Keenan to live with his father in Michigan.[1]

Inspired by Bill Murray's performance in the 1981 comedy film Stripes, Keenan joined the United States Army, with the intention of having the G.I. Bill fund his dream of attending art school.[1] By this point, he had lived in Ohio, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Texas.[2] He initially served in the Army as a forward observer before studying at the United States Military Academy Preparatory School (West Point Prep School) from 1983 to 1984. In addition to completing a rigorous math and English curriculum, he ran on the cross country running team and sang in the glee club.[2] It was during his time in the military that he adopted the sobriquet "Maynard" on a whim.[3] He was distinguished in basic and advanced training,[4] but declined an appointment to West Point and instead chose to pursue a music career due to disillusionment with his colleagues' points of view[5] and the realization that he would not go through West Point "undetected" for his dissidence.[4]

Upon completing his term of enlistment, he studied art at Kendall College of Art and Design in Grand Rapids, Michigan. In 1988, he relocated to Los Angeles where his love of animals led him to practice interior design for pet stores,[6] before he was quickly fired and began working in set construction.[7] During the 1980s, Keenan played bass guitar for TexA.N.S. and sang for Children of the Anachronistic Dynasty, both independent bands.[2]

Career

Tool

After moving to Los Angeles, Keenan met Adam Jones, who had heard Keenan singing on a demo in college and suggested that he and Keenan start a band. Although reluctant at first,[7] Keenan agreed and, in 1990, Tool was formed. Fronted by Keenan, the eventual lineup included guitarist Jones, Keenan's neighbor Danny Carey as drummer, and bassist Paul D'Amour, who would later be replaced by Justin Chancellor.[8]

Tool signed to Zoo Entertainment in November 1991 and released the Opiate EP the following year. To support this release, the band toured with Fishbone and Rage Against the Machine. During a 1993 show at the Church of Scientology’s Celebrity Centre in Los Angeles, Maynard, who wrote the lyrics "Fuck L. Ron Hubbard and fuck all his clones", baa-ed like a sheep for a good portion of the show. "Before our set this guy tries to intimidate me by showing me a gun in his jacket," Keenan recalled. "I explained to him that if he pissed me off I’d start a riot."[6] Shortly thereafter, Tool released their 1993 debut album, Undertow, in the United States, where it was certified gold after just eight months, and platinum less than a year later.[9] In 1994, the band released their single "Prison Sex"—a song in which Keenan opted "for a slightly grunge-styled delivery with great results"[10]—with a corresponding music video created and directed by Jones. The video was deemed "too graphic and offensive",[11] and was pulled by MTV after a few airings due to "a symbolic dealing with the sensitive subject of child abuse".[11]

In October 1996, the band released their second studio album, Ænima, which was certified gold in 10 weeks and achieved double platinum in 10 months.[9] The Metal Observer reviewed the album stating: "Knowing what is around the corner is rarely guessed correctly and the band focus brutality with melody in equal measure. Tool’s music shouldn’t fit and it doesn’t as Maynard spills forth discontenting imagery through his incisive dissonant lyrics."[12] In 1998, "Ænema" won the Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance.[13] After the release of the album, Tool began a prolonged legal battle with their label Volcano Records (formerly Zoo Records). Following this legal battle, which resulted in a new three record deal,[14] the members of Tool decided to take some time off.

Keenan performing with Tool at Ruisrock 2006

After a hiatus of over five years, Tool announced a new album, Systema Encéphale, in January 2001, along with a 12-song tracklist.[15] The band members were outspokenly critical of file-sharing networks at the time, due to the negative impact on artists whose careers are dependent on success in record sales. During an interview with NY Rock in 2000, Keenan stated, "I think there are a lot of other industries out there that might deserve being destroyed. The ones who get hurt by MP3s are not so much companies or the business, but the artists, people who are trying to write songs."[16] A month later, the band revealed that the new album was actually titled Lateralus and that the name Systema Encéphale and the tracklist had been a ruse.[17] Known for his "dark, intelligent, compelling, and unexpected lyrical twists",[18] Keenan was acclaimed for his songwriting on the album,[19] in which he "doesn’t cross the line from darkness to ugliness [...] as often as he has in the past".[20] In an interview with NY Rock, Keenan explained, "Everything we release with Tool is inspired by our music. It doesn't matter if it is a video or if it's lyrics. The lyrics for "Schism" are nothing more than my interpretation of the music."[16] The album became a worldwide success, reaching #1 on the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart in its debut week,[21] and Tool received their second Grammy Award for the best metal performance of 2001 for the song "Schism".[22]

Fifteen years after the band's formation, Tool had acquired what Dan Epstein of Revolver described as a devoted "cult" following,[23] and in May 2006, the band released 10,000 Days, an album in which Keenan sang about more personal issues, in contrast to previous attempts to inspire change.[24] His mother is the inspiration for two tracks on the album; the two-part song "Wings for Marie" and "10,000 Days",[25] which deals with her death after 27 years, or around 10,000 days, of suffering.[26][27] The album sold 564,000 copies in its opening week in the U.S. and was #1 on the Billboard 200 charts.[28] However, 10,000 Days was received less favorably by critics than its predecessor Lateralus had been.[29][30]

A Perfect Circle

They keep going, "Are you working on another Tool album?" I'm like a mother on a table. I'm, like, giving birth to a baby, and you're asking me if I'm going to have another baby. Not right now, probably. Don't really feel like having sex right now, I'm having a fucking baby. I'm out here busting my ass; we're working hard on this. This is our new child; we're nurturing it, developing it and showing it to the world.

Maynard James Keenan[3]

Main article: A Perfect Circle

During Tool's post-Ænima hiatus to deal with their legal issues, Keenan began working with Billy Howerdel (Tool's guitar tech through the Ænima tour) on a different project. The supergroup they formed, A Perfect Circle, began performing in 1999 and released its first album Mer de Noms in 2000. They released a successful follow-up in 2003 titled Thirteenth Step, a reference to twelve-step programs (many of the songs were written from the perspective of recovery).[3] Both albums were eventually certified platinum. They followed up in 2004 with the release of eMOTIVe, an album composed of covers except the singles "Counting Bodies Like Sheep to the Rhythm of the War Drums"—a song inspired by "Pet" that was originally released on Thirteenth Step—and "Passive". Keenan later characterized the record as a political album with which he "tested the waters" and was subsequently "crucified" for it because of the content.[7] It was certified gold the month after its release. That same year they released the DVD and CD set entitled aMotion, which was certified platinum within a month of its release.

Though highly successful, the future of A Perfect Circle remains uncertain. It is currently on hiatus, partly due to Keenan's commitments to Tool, and Howerdel stated in a May 2006 interview with MTV that "A Perfect Circle is done for now."[31] After more than two years since the bands last release, Keenan was asked about the status of A Perfect Circle during an interview with Revolver. He stated:

The real problem with running Tool and A Perfect Circle at the same time was they both operate the same way. They're both live touring bands with a label, still working under the old contract mentality. So I thought it was time to let A Perfect Circle go for now and let Billy explore himself. It's tough for a guy who went from being a guitar tech [for Tool] to being in a band with a pretentious, famous singer and having to live in that shadow. It was important for Billy to go and do his own thing and really explore his own sound and let people hear what he has to say and how he would do it on his own, and then we'll get back and do some A Perfect Circle stuff.

— Maynard James Keenan, Revolver, December 2007[23]

Puscifer

Main article: Puscifer

In 2003, Keenan surfaced under the moniker "Puscifer" for the song "REV 22:20" on the Underworld film soundtrack. Puscifer is a cover name for non-Tool related work with Danny Lohner, who had formerly performed live with Nine Inch Nails. In 2006, Puscifer would contribute the song "The Undertaker (Renholder Mix)" to the soundtrack of Underworld: Evolution, where "Renholder", a moniker for Danny Lohner created by the members of A Perfect Circle, is the reversal of "Re: D Lohner".[32][33] Keenan has stated that it is "a premiere improvisational hardcore band",[34] and his "catch-all, stream of consciousness, anything goes, etc." project.[35] When comparing the project to Tool in an interview with Rolling Stone, Keenan described it as his "attempt to make music to inspire people. [...] This is definitely not thinking man's music, but groove-oriented music that makes you feel good."[36]

I made sure that the lyrics weren't puzzles. I didn't want puzzles. It's supposed to be a feeling. The music is where the complexity is—that's the part that gets under your skin and makes you feel good.

— Keenan in interview with Artistdirect.com[37]

Keenan financed and released the first studio album, "V" Is for Vagina, in October 2007.[37] The album was a radical departure from Keenan's contributions in Tool and A Perfect Circle, and was criticized as unfocused and lacking in the passion and intelligence present in his previous work.[38][39] Keenan's limited vocal range and underwhelming lyrics—which ranged from depressing and esoteric to shallow and childish—were singled out as particularly disappointing.[38][40]

Writing and performance style

A primary purpose of Keenan's lyrics for Tool involves a personal connection with the listener on a level in which people are striving for self-identity, understanding and reflection.[41] Tool does not print lyrics for any releases as they believe most people "don't get it" and it is not a priority of the band that they do.[42] However, after each release Keenan has eventually published his typed lyrics online via the semi-official fansite, with the exception of "Lateralus", which was published on the official Tool website.[43] Lyrical arrangements are often given special attention, such as in the lyrics to "Lateralus", wherein the number of syllables per line correspond to an arrangement of the Fibonacci numbers,[41] and "Jambi", in which the metrical foot iamb is used.[44] Keenan's lyrics on Ænima and Lateralus focused on philosophy and spirituality—specific subjects range from organized religion in "Opiate", to evolution and Jungian psychology in "Forty-Six & 2" and transcendence in "Lateralus".[24]

In live performances with Tool, Keenan has been known to be situated on a platform towards the rear of the stage,[45] without a spotlight,[46] facing the backdrop rather than the audience.[47] His vocals are mixed in low volume.[48][49] With Tool, his appearance has included the Mohawk hairstyle,[46] wigs, Kabuki masks, bras, tights,[50] and his entire body in blue paint.[51][52] This is contrasted with a long dark wig with A Perfect Circle.[53][54] His posture on stage is usually bent.[55]

Describing Keenan's contribution to Tool and A Perfect Circle, The New York Times wrote that "both groups rely on Mr. Keenan's ability to dignify emotions like lust, anger and disgust, the honey in his voice adding a touch of profundity".[56] Keenan's ability as a vocalist has been lauded by the Seattle Post-Intelligencer: after his performance during an Alice in Chains reunion concert in 2005, freelance journalist Travis Hay saw him as "a natural fit at replacing Layne Staley".[57] His unique style of singing has often been considered influential to artists such as Pete Loeffler of Chevelle.[58][59]

Comedy

Keenan became friends with legendary comedian Bill Hicks in the early 1990s. Keenan did stand-up comedy on improv nights in comedy clubs in Los Angeles during that time, delivering—according to a friend of Hicks—inspiring comedy.[60] The two became acquainted and Hicks later opened some Tool concerts. Best known is a routine Hicks did on Tool's Lollapalooza tour in 1993, when he asked the audience to look for a contact lens he had lost. Thousands of people complied. Keenan enjoyed this joke so much that he repeated it on a number of occasions.[60]

File:Screenshot jones keenan mrshow.jpg
Keenan (right) and bandmate Jones performing a skit on Mr. Show

Keenan is featured in several segments of Mr. Show,[61] most notably in the Ronnie Dobbs sketch presented in the first season. In one scene, he is seen being arrested with Dobbs. Later in the sketch he is featured wearing a wig as the lead singer of the then-fictitious band "Puscifer" (pictured to the right). When asked about the arrest of Dobbs, Keenan replies "Guilty? Yeah. I'm sure he's guilty but... he knows it. I mean, you're guilty, and you don't know it. So... who's really in jail?" He also appears in episode 2.6, "The Velveteen Touch of a Dandy Fop", as one of the viewers of Coupon: The Movie, saying "Now is not the time", waving the cameras off and slapping the microphone out of his face in disgust after walking out of the theater. Later, Keenan would sing on a track for the Mr. Show incarnation Run Ronnie Run,[62] and appear in the "music video sex scene" on its DVD. Keenan's portrayal of Charles Manson on Mr. Show was described by critics as "so intense and too real to not be upsetting".[16] He also appeared as Satan in the 2002 film Bikini Bandits and its 2004 sequel Bikini Bandits 2: Golden Rod. When asked in an interview which role was more difficult, Keenan responded, "Oh, Manson. He’s a real person. People know what he looks like, how he talked. With Satan there’s so much gray area."[6]

In the mid-90s, responding to requests for Tool to perform in benefit shows, Keenan created "Free Frances Bean" tee-shirts to represent his own platform. He said that after watching Frances' mother Courtney Love, whom he described as a tornado, he thought "Oh my God, how is Frances Bean gonna survive this insanity?"[3] Although it was started as a simple joke, the tee-shirts were soon in high demand and Keenan was giving them away. This was not the first time Keenan and Love were in a media story together; Love once referred to Keenan as a "media whore" to which he responded, "Isn't that great? I have the distinction of being called a media whore by Courtney Love."[3]

On April 1, 2005, the official Tool website announced, as an April Fools' Day prank, that "Maynard has found jesus" and would be abandoning the recording of the new album temporarily and possibly permanently.[63] Kurt Loder of MTV contacted Keenan via email to ask for a confirmation and received a nonchalant confirmation. When Loder asked again, Keenan's response was simply "heh heh".[64] On April 7, the official site revealed that it was a hoax.[65] During an interview Keenan later stated, "It was April Fools’. If you fall for that on April Fools’ Day, there’s nothing I can do for you."[6] He has been part of other April Fools' pranks related to Tool, including one in which he was said to be in critical condition after a tour bus accident.[66]

Personal life

Keenan, who has described himself as "happily unmarried",[3] has a son named Devo H. Keenan (born August 5, 1995) who is the cellist for Ashes Divide, Billy Howerdel's post-A Perfect Circle project. It was after the birth of his son that it occurred to Keenan to obscure his identity in order to prevent his son from being "victimized by [his] career".[3] Keenan was engaged at one time, but the couple broke up. The song "Breña" by A Perfect Circle uses her middle name, while the single "Judith" bears the name of Keenan's mother and Tool's "H" is the middle name of his son.[67] Jiu-jitsu is one of Keenan's pursuits, having studied under Rickson Gracie, who is widely considered one of the martial art's greatest practitioners.[7] In addition to being part-owner of Cobras & Matadors, an LA restaurant,[7] Keenan, whose family made wine in Northern Italy, owns Merkin Vineyards and Caduceus Cellars, based in the unincorporated area of Page Springs/Cornville, Arizona, southwest of Sedona, where he currently resides.[35] While the winery is named after an ancient symbol for healing (caduceus), the vineyard is named after a pubic wig (merkin).[7]

Keenan has a reputation for being reclusive, elliptical and controlling of his public image,[7] dislikes the manner in which rock stars are worshipped,[68] and at one point carried business cards with the name "Jesus H. Christ" printed on them.[63] Keenan has used his voice on numerous occasions to support charitable causes. He performed at the Tori Amos benefit concert RAINN (the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network) in 1997. Amos had often referred to Keenan as an unofficial brother.[69] In February 2005, Keenan appeared as a surprise vocalist at a Seattle benefit concert for victims of the 2004 earthquake and tsunami in southern Asia,[70] performing with the partly reformed Alice in Chains in place of the deceased vocalist Layne Staley on the songs "Them Bones", and "Man in the Box".

Discography

Main articles: Tool discography, A Perfect Circle discography, Puscifer discography, TexA.N.S. discography, and Children of the Anachronistic Dynasty discography

Selected collaborations

Unreleased

Other credits

  • Mer de Noms (2000) – A Perfect Circle (Logo design)
  • Thirteenth Step (2003) – A Perfect Circle (Executive producer, artwork)
  • "Weak and Powerless"/"Blue" (2003) – A Perfect Circle (Executive producer)
  • Underworld (2003) – Original Soundtrack, "Judith (Renholder Mix)" and "REV 22:20" (Writer)
  • AMotion (2004) – A Perfect Circle (Guitar, arranger, performer, executive producer, artwork)
  • Emotive [Clean] (2004) – A Perfect Circle (Piano, executive producer, re-arranged)
  • Emotive (2004) – A Perfect Circle (Piano, arranger, executive producer, re-arranged)
  • Saw II [Clean] (2005) – Original Soundtrack (Remixing)
  • Saw II (2005) – Original Soundtrack (Remixing)
  • Constantine (2005) – Original Soundtrack, "Passive" (Writer)
  • 10,000 Days (2006) – Tool (Producer)
  • The Invisible (2007) – Original Soundtrack, "Weak and Powerless" (Writer)[75][76]

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b McAlley, John (2007-11-03) "I, Puscifer". Spin. Retrieved on 2008-01-16.
  2. ^ a b c Maynard James Keenan bio. Toolshed.down.net. Retrieved on 2008-01-17.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Loder, Kurt. "Maynard James Keenan: Not Yet A Legend, Not Yet Dead". MTV.com. Viacom. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  4. ^ a b Varga, George (2004-10-31). "Fired up and emoting on the state of politics, and more". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2008-01-19. A standout soldier, he received an appointment to West Point, making him one of the few current musicians in alternative-rock who was poised for a career as a military officer. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ Farber, Jim (2004-11-02). "Emotions Uncovered". The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved 2008-01-19. He even attended West Point, before dropping out in disillusionment over his fellow students. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ a b c d Dolan, Jon (August 2006). "33 Things You Should Know About Tool". Blender. Retrieved on 2008-02-11.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Burgess, Aaron (2006-11-30). "Interview: Maynard James Keenan". A.V. Club. Retrieved on 2008-01-16.
  8. ^ Turman, Katherine (1994-05-31). "A Sober Look At Tool". Circus Magazine. Danny Carey, was an accomplished drummer who agreed to sit in with them. Someone who knew both Jones and original bassist D'amour introduced the two, and soon D'amour completed the line up of the soon to be named band, Tool. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ a b (2002-06-07). "Gold/platinum certifications". toolshed.down.net. Retrieved on 2008-01-16.
  10. ^ Batmaz, Murat (2006-05-07). "Tool: Undertow". SeaOfTranqulity.org. Retrieved on 2008-01-29.
  11. ^ a b (2006-10-08). "Tool". SundayObserver.ik. Retrieved on 2008-01-17.
  12. ^ Doran, Chris (October 28 2005). "Tool - Ænima". The Metal Observer. Retrieved on 2008-01-29.
  13. ^ "40th Grammy Awards". Rock On The Net. Retrieved on 2007-05-14.
  14. ^ Akhtar, Kabir (2001-07-16). "The Tool FAQ". toolshed.down.net. pp. C15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ Akhtar, Kabir. "Old News. January - March 2001". toolshed.down.net. Retrieved 2006-03-06.
  16. ^ a b c Gabriella (2000). "Interview with Maynard James Keenan of A Perfect Circle". NY Rock. Retrieved 2006-04-28. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  17. ^ D'Angelo, Joe. "Tool Tinker With Album Title, Set Track List". MTV News. MTV.com. Retrieved 2006-03-06.
  18. ^ Jabbour, Debbie (2002-10-09). "From My Perspective - Tool Concert" (PDF). The Voice Magazine 10 (39), pp. 7–9. Retrieved on 2008-03-17.
  19. ^ Boettner, Matias (2006-09-10). "Lateralus Review". ProgArchives.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-11.
  20. ^ Richardson, Sean. "Perfect circles: Tool connect on Lateralus". The Phoenix, May 10, 2001. Retrieved on 2008-02-11.
  21. ^ "Discography Tool Laterlaus". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2006-04-29.
  22. ^ "Grammy Award Winners". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
  23. ^ a b Epstein, Dan (April 2006). "Do What You Wilt". Revolver. Cite error: The named reference "revolver" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  24. ^ a b "TOOL: New Album Title Revealed?". Blabbermouth.net. 2006-03-03. Retrieved 2007-05-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ Kot, Greg (2006-05-12). "'10000 Days' album doesn't use Tool wisely". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2008-01-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ Ollison, Rashod D. (2007-06-07). "Tool breaks the trends: Metal quartet's '10,000 Days' presents songs that are highly improvisational and epic in scope". The Sun. Retrieved 2008-01-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ "Quick Spins". The Washington Post. 2006-05-03. His mother was partially paralyzed for the last 27 years of her life, roughly 10,000 days. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ^ "Tool, Pearl Jam Claim Billboard Chart In The Name Of Rock (May 10, 2006)". MTV.com. Retrieved 2006-09-17.
  29. ^ Metacritic calculated an average score of 68 for 10,000 Days compared to 75 for Lateralus. "Tool: 10,000 Days (2006): Reviews". Metacritic. 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-17.
  30. ^ "Tool: Lateralus (2001): Reviews". Metacritic. 2001. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
  31. ^ Harris, Chris (2006-05-16). "'A Perfect Circle Is Done For Now,' Says Billy Howerdel". MTV.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-27.
  32. ^ Movement Magazine. "Renholder: The Danny Lohner Interview". Retrieved on 2008-03-18.
  33. ^ Larson, Alex (October 2 2003). "A trip into metal’s 'Underworld'". The Badger Herald. Retrieved on 2008-01-10.
  34. ^ Epstein, Daniel Robert (2007-03-16). "Interviews > Maynard Keenan". SuicideGirls. Retrieved on 2007-03-17.
  35. ^ a b Carle, Chris (2006-11-13). "Maynard James Keenan Interview". IGN. Retrieved on 2008-01-16.
  36. ^ Fricke, David (2007-07-18). "Maynard James Keenan’s Puscifer: Tool Leader Speaks on Enigmatic Side Project". Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2008-01-19.
  37. ^ a b McKibbin, Adam (2007-10-29). "Interview: Puscifer's Maynard James Keenan". Artistdirect, p. 2. Retrieved on 2008-01-21.
  38. ^ a b "V Is For Vagina Review". IGN. Retrieved 2008-01-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |name= ignored (help)
  39. ^ Rosenbloom, Etan (2008-01-03). "Puscifer: "V" Is for Vagina Review". Prefixmag. Retrieved 2008-01-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ Serpick, Evan (2007-11-27). "V Is For Vagina : Puscifer : Review". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-01-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ a b diCarlo, Christopher W. "Interview with Maynard James Keenan". cdicarlo.com. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
  42. ^ Gennaro, Loraine (1997). "Angry Jung Men!". Livewire Magazine. 7 (3). Retrieved 2008-01-30. That's why I don't like printing the lyrics because people don't get it [...] We're not political, we're not trying to get across a message or anything like that.
  43. ^ Akhtar, Kabir; Keenan, Maynard James (2007). "Lyrics". The Tool Page. Retrieved 2008-01-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  44. ^ Blake, Blair MacKenzie. "Tool Newsletter, July 2006". Toolband.com. Retrieved 2006-08-03.
  45. ^ Pareles, Jon (2001-10-06). "Flailing Wildly to Escape the Darkness". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-01-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  46. ^ a b Pareles, Jon (2006-05-22). "Tool at City Center: Heavy Metal Propelled by Tricky Rhythms". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-01-30. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  47. ^ Keenan's unusual stage positioning is discussed at the following:
  48. ^ Durchholz, Dan (2007-06-23). "Tool". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved 2008-01-27. Keenan's vocals, which convey his lyrics of ominous portent, were kept low in the mix. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  49. ^ Harrington, Jim (2006-05-05). "No surprise here — Tool wows enthusiastic fans at Paramount" (fee required). The Oakland Tribune. Retrieved 2008-01-27. One woman complained that Keenan's vocals were too low in the mix. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. ^ Kava, Brad (1997-08-18). "The festival that felt like a club". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 2008-01-30. Normally bald singer Maynard James Keenan showed up in drag, wearing a wig, bra, black tights and a white Kabuki mask. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  51. ^ Baca, Ricardo (2002-07-23). "The right Tool for the job Art-rockers deliver the goods in concert" (fee required). The Denver Post. ... the rest of his skin, bald head and muscular chest included, was covered with blue paint {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  52. ^ McCoy, Dave (1996-10-30). "Tool's scary singer dominates the stage" (fee required). Contra Costa Times. pp. F02. Retrieved 2008-01-30. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  53. ^ "Nine Inch Nails; A Perfect Circle (Arrowhead Pond, Anaheim California)". Variety. 2000-06-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  54. ^ Appleford, Steve (2000-04-30). "So You Want to Be a Rock Star (Part 2); Tool frontman Maynard James Keenan reaches toward a deeper emotional sensibility with his separate-but-equal new band, A Perfect Circle" (fee required). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-01-30. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  55. ^ Smedberg, Matthew (2003-12-23). "A Perfect Circle powerful, artistic" (fee required). University Wire. Retrieved 2008-01-30. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  56. ^ Powers, Ann (2002). "Self-Confidence, and a Tattoo". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
  57. ^ Hay, Travis (2005-02-21). "Alice in Chains owns stage in tsunami-relief show full of surprises". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 2007-05-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  58. ^ Assar, Vijith (2003-09-30). "Lucky 'Thirteen': Keenan bolsters potence". The Cavalier Daily. Retrieved 2007-05-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  59. ^ Rich, Robert (2007-05-09). "Chevelle to play in Austin, remains unique despite criticism". The Daily Texan. Retrieved 2007-05-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  60. ^ a b "Bill Hicks Q&A with Kevin Booth". FadeToBlack.com. Retrieved through Internet Archive, 2006-10-17 version.
  61. ^ Berlin, David (2007-05-04). "Tool at Cox Arena". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2008-01-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  62. ^ Luerssen, John D. (2001-06-22). "Tool Singer Sings for Film". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-01-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  63. ^ a b Hay, Travis (2006-05-03). "Tool mesmerizes crowd". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 2008-01-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  64. ^ Harris, Chris (2005-04-07). "Maynard And Jesus Split: The Conclusion". MTV News. Retrieved 2007-02-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  65. ^ Blake, Blair MacKenzie (2005). "Tool: News". Toolband.com. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  66. ^ Akhtar, Kabir. "Tool News: April Fools 1997". toolshed.down.net. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  67. ^ Borzillo, Carrie (December 1996). "Work With Me". Transcribed from Strobe to toolshed.down.net. Retrieved on 2008-03-18.
  68. ^ “Inside the Tool Box”, Edmonton Journal, October 5, 2002.
  69. ^ Jacobs, Jay S. (2006-07-01). Pretty Good Years: A Biography of Tori Amos. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 74. ISBN 978-1423400226. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  70. ^ (February 2 2008). "Alice In Chains/Maynard Keenan 2005 Live Video Posted Online". Blabbermouth.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-11.
  71. ^ a b c Credits > Maynard James Keenan. Allmusic. Retrieved on 2008-02-15.
  72. ^ Vivinetto, Gina (2000-11-30). "Success can't dull Deftones' edge". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2008-01-24. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  73. ^ Martens, Todd (2003-08-14). "Modern Rock Mainstays Descend Into 'Underworld'". Billboard. Retrieved 2008-02-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  74. ^ Fripp, Robert (2007-06-02). "Robert Fripp's Diary". dgmlive.com. Retrieved 2007-06-08. Jeff Fayman of Immediate Music has sent the latest mix of Schizoid Man (with Maynard Keenan on vocals) on MP3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  75. ^ Maynard James Keenan > Credits. Allmusic. Retrieved on 2008-03-17.
  76. ^ Maynard James Keenan at IMDb

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