Talk:Boxer Rebellion

Missing Causes

I think that there needs to be a Cause section added to the article, as there is only a result and event section. A discussion in the article of the events leading up to the rebellion and of long/short causes, seem to be an important topic that is missing.

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No deep discussion. The cause, including the politics of Qing Dynasty, and its consequences are missing. Wshun

Also missing is some explanation as to the beginning of the movement, i.e. that it was more directed at Chinese converts, and not primarily at the foreign presence at first. 84.154.5.131 00:38, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

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A good source for at least some information about the "causes" might be "Late Victorian Holocausts" by Mike Davis.

PinYin

Why do people continue to use old Romanization systems for Chinese? who doesn't use PinYin now? The UN does. i.e. Peking should be Beijing Tsingdao should be Qingdao Pa Kuo Lien Jun should be Ba Guo Lian Jun etc. etc.... Spettro9 (talk) 11:24, 8 May 2008 (UTC)spettro9

probably because postal names, WG or Yale were more common in 1900

Pinyin is relatively new so most names are from non pinyin sources —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.22.203.57 (talk) 14:44, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

Neutrality

As a propaganda piece for western imperialism, this is an excellent article. As an objective portrayal of the truth, it fails miserably. It paints a picture of a the evil Chinese for no apparent reason murdering the benevolent westerners who apparently were there handing out flowers. The truth is that Japan, the European powers, and the US, with a total lack of regard for Chinese sovereignty, divided up China among themselves for the purpose of exploitation. Without adequate coverage of this background context, this article creates a false impression. If this were about a western nation, or about the US, half the article would be about the injustices leading up to the rebellion, and the other half would be about the patriotic and noble defense of one's nation. This article also emphasizes the poor Christians being murdered angle. Imagine if Muslim nations today were sending missionaries to the US to educate heathen Americans about the inferiority of their culture and religion. This was the attitude of the Christian missionaries in China, who went to a foreign nation on a mission of cultural destruction. The Chinese viewpoint of the missionaries, and validity of that viewpoint, receives zero coverage. This article needs to rewritten only this time with an underlying assumption that the Chinese are just as entitled to self determination as any caucasian nation. Dentify 17:27, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Go ask Bingdian about your textbooks, similar to Japan lol;) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.22.203.57 (talk) 14:45, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

- I completely agree. The article's bias needs to be fixed to complete objectivity, or the Chinese percpective of the issue should be provided. -

--I feel that this piece is biased, but not from an american point of view (which also is evident in the strange language and organization- whats with the section "short term causes" it just lists a book! what? is the book the cause? if so what did it say? again the title including the phrase "foreign devils" does not make it seem like an antichinese bias. the language is not encyclopedic, and over all this whole page would be better seved by a copy paste job from a 9th grade history book (provided you get permission from the publisher, of course ;) -b —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.219.235.232 (talk) 16:58, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

Good to see that Ministry of Information for the Chinese Communist Party monitors this page to give use the party line. At worst this article could use more prespective from the Boxer's POV but pointing out the atrocities committed by them during the uprising hardly counts as propaganda. I'm sure you'd prefer your own one sided version of history where the brave Boxers had to kill the Christian Missionaries before they destroyed China.JDelp (talk) 22:21, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

See, that's the kind of attitude that keeps people ignorant of the Chinese perspective. Any feeling of disagreement, and it is instantly the 'Communist Party Line', Communist propaganda, lies by dirty communist Chinese. No mention of affiliation or origin, and the accusation of being a communist comes up, who's the one spouting propaganda here?. The inability to separate Chinese people from a government. This is pretty much the modern extension of the kind of superior attitude Westerners had on China.

Of course your versions are completely factual, CCP of course never sack Li Da Tong for allowing freezing point to point out innaccuracies in Chinese textbooks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.22.203.57 (talk) 15:14, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

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I would agree that the article seems a bit imbalanced right now, without enough context. According to "Late Victorian Holocausts" by Mike Davis, the Boxers had a popular slogan of "equal division of grain" during draught and/or famine conditions. At least the popular beelief among Boxers that imperial or foreign persons were responsible for this (rightly or wrongly) was a driving force in the Boxer Rebellion. Also, if you look at the military actions by the Eight Powers in response, that is, well-armed militaries attacking peasants with little more than rocks to throw, the murders by the Boxers take on a slightly different dimension.

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I don't think this sentence is neutral: However, controversy still exists about the significance of the movement, and even today the Boxers are praised by the government of the People's Republic of China as patriotic anti-imperialists.

How is it not neutral? This very forum should illustrate that the movement remains controversial. And the Chinese government does consider them patriots. I guess it depends on your definitions of bias.JDelp (talk) 22:21, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

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This sentence is unclear:

"So great was the sum that much of the money was later earmarked by the Britain and the U.S. for overseas education of Chinese students, forming the basis of Tsinghua University."

Education of Chinese students in America? Of overseas Americans in China? Please clarify.

Obviously, it is referring to American support of overseas Universities...i.e. Chinese students in China, studying using American/U.K. dollars.

Western bias

There seems to be a strong bias in this article towards the western powers and their christians.

I have to agree. Mention of the western's casualities abound. Why were they there? What about the millions of Chinese that died as a result of the opium trade? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Timtak (talk • contribs) 11:35, 6 April 2007 (UTC).

I did a small edit, adding that many Chinese 'christians' were simply criminals who used the association with the church to flee Chinese law, further harming the image of christians in China.

For a perspective on this subject, I added 2 sourced statements that address the "irritation" and the anti-Roman Catholic nature of the Boxer Crisis. The problem, it seems, was not as much "criminals fleeing Chinese Law" as Chinese using the extra powers of Chinese law granted to these foreign missionaries to their own ends - for good or ill.Brian0324 18:49, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

There appears to me to be a decidely anti-western bias in at least part of the article. Statements such as ...

"Actually, the so-called "Boxers" were common Chinese citizens protested the invasion of the Eight-Nation Alliance (United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, Austia-Hungary). During the occupation of China by the Eight-Nation Alliance, they ransacked many houses and committed various atrocities against civilians, including rape and murder.

Troops and participants of the Eight-Nation Alliance were largely responsible for the ransacking and pillaging of many historical artifacts of Chinese nationalist origin, such as those found in the Summer Palace, and instigated the burning of many prominent Chinese buildings." ... ignores the role of the Boxers as tools of a Chinese elite and states the very propoganda that history shows the Boxers spread against the incursion of the Jesuits. This section is overly simplistic and speaks in charged language about events of which there can be no certainty. It betrays an anti-Western bias. Uwharries 18:16, 22 April 2007 (UTC)Uwharries

so you would rather ignore that and only preach the propaganda of the westerners subjugating yet another heathen civilization —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.143.43.28 (talk) 22:03, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

He did not post that. You are trying to defend a statment with no sources- Uwharries is asking for the poster to use rational arguments when making these serious accusations. And quiet honestly, that is not alot to ask for. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.227.32.78 (talk) 05:07, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Chinese patriots vs Viking attackers lol. It's probably a great job foreigners took many pieces of Chinese art because some of above Chinese posters' parents may break it up in 1960's lol.

German Troops vs. Russian Troops in Boxer Rebellion

Although it was the German Kaiser Wilhelm II's comment to "make the name German remembered in China for a thousand years...", it was not German troops that fulfilled this comment, but rather Russian troops, when they "behaved like Huns at the Amur River by throwing 5,000 men, women and children into the river to drown." See http://www.lisburn.com/books/hart_of_lisburn/hart-of-lisburn4.htm (among others).

Thus edit: "German troops came in for criticism..." to become: "Russian troops came in for criticism..."

(to be done by someone with better confirming sources than just the above website)

Multiple other sources refer to Germain troops. I think your reference errored. Which makes sense... why whould russian troops respond to the German Kaiser's orders?

Catskul 06:15, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC)

I don't really know much about it, bbut I doubt there was much difference between the different nationals. Also, Russian troops certainly commited many crimes, but of course not responding to the German Emperor, yet on their own... 84.154.5.131 00:38, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Treaty of Nanjing

Would you say that the Boxer Rebellion happened as a direct result of the Nanjing Treaty, or not? I want to hear both sides of this issue. User:Peaceman

I believe the Nanjing Treaty was a cause but the Boxer Rebellion was not a direct result

Please sign your posts on talk pages. It's easy to do, you just put four tildes ~~~~. You can do this whether or not you are signed in, but a user signin costs you nothing, and gives you a little extra privacy (we can't see your IP address then). Andrewa 8 July 2005 02:08 (UTC)

I would say the Nanjing Treaty was a catalyst, but not the direct root cause. You can attribute The Boxer Rebellion to so many root causes. The most direct and yet most superficial one is the cultural conflict (Do I sounds like that Harvard professor?). The Qing Court's misjudgetment and mis- (or failed)communication with the foreign nations were also to blame.

All the unequal treaties contributed to the Boxers. So did the attitude of the Western imperialists in China who considered themselves superior to the CHinese. And the so called "christians" who came in with the imperialists to make profit from the Chinese people (though there were true christian missionaries, like Hudson Taylor) All of these humiliations under western powers brought about the sentiment that fueled the Boxers Skillmaster (talk) 08:09, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

Skillmaster do you have any sources for your statement so called "christians" who came in with the imperialists to make profit from the Chinese people? Pbhj (talk) 20:32, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

Images restored

I have restored the images deleted by an IP with no explanation. It seems just to have been a test, or perhaps a random act of vandalism (the line is a bit hard to draw sometimes). Andrewa 8 July 2005 02:08 (UTC)

Question about Results

Within the paragraph there mentioned an Empress, however, in the overall chinese history, there was only one Empress and definitely not during the Qing dynasty. It is not the Empress but just the Emperor's mother that was interferring with his business to a point where the Emperor had no power at all.

However, she was still not the Empress, yet. (As documents indicate, she wanted to become the Empress but not quite there yet.) MythSearcher 19:03, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

I've read quite a lot of docs that refer to just the "Empress". You're right it should be the [Tzu_Hsi|Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi] (pinyin Cixi) but as she was the major controlling influence for 60+ years over 2 (and a bit!) Emperor's (by name) you can understand how they'd just call her the Empress. As long as the full title "Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi" is used first I see no problem with using "Empress Tzu Hsi"/"Empress Cixi"Pbhj (talk) 21:20, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

More detailed description of the expedition by allied force

I just added the paragraph to give a little description of the marching from Tientsin to Peking. From what I found out, it is amazing that despite the huge number of Imperial troops and Boxers along the Peiho river, the allies almost took a casully walk (or almost) to reach Peking. The uncomfortables were caused mainly by the heat and water shortage, as well as the densely grown corn fields! The takeaway is that the dynasty was completely corrupted.

Results section

Made a minor change in the following paragraph that originally mentioned Ci-Xi as the mother of the emperor. Ci-Xi was actually the aunt of the Guangxu emperor as he was the son of her younger sister as noted in the Guangxu wikipedia article.

Cobrat 04:27, 27 October 2005 (UTC)Cobrat

code

Someone please fix. The template for the allianced countries is covering up the following: The United States was able to play a significant role in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion because of the large number of American ships and troops.

--this problem has been fixed =)

Maybe it's just my computer, but the box containing the introductory image and statistics overlaps on a bit of the text. Raitari (talk) 16:39, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Plunder

I did read a while ago in a Japanese book on history that the Japanese were the only ones not to participate in plunder and rape. An anonymous contributor just wrote that both Japan and the United States refrained from such violences. This will need referencing, but this is an interesting point to clarify. Regards. PHG 21:59, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Yup, which is why I deleted it. John Smith's 23:05, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Still no reference 9 months on, so have taken out the claim japanese and American troops did not engage in looting.

about the picture

I think they are not boxers.They are more likely to be the mercenaries from Weihai,Shandong,where was a british colony.Ksyrie 17:02, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Picture

Yes, I agree.

The boxers were not uniformed as such and did not carry rifles. As I recall, 'Yihequan' members only embraced hand to hand tactics.

These troops appear to be the elite units that the Manchu gov't formed with special foreign assistance. The guys in the this picture are perhaps connected to the Peiyang Force who fought the Japanese in Korea.

The people on the main picture look very heroic, but they simply cannot be boxers. I suggest that it be removed.--Niohe 00:06, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Well, this picture is labeled as "Boxers" in a quite trusworthy Japanese book I have on the Imperial Japanese Navy: Tōgō Shrine and Tōgō Association (東郷神社・東郷会), Togo Heihachiro in images, illustrated Meiji Navy (図説東郷平八郎、目で見る明治の海軍), (Japanese). Unless we have more details on the actual look and equipment of the Boxers, I suggest this image be kept. Regards PHG 04:34, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

I guess that the point that I'm trying to make is that they look more like uniformed soldiers than irregulars, just compare that picture (which I have never seen before) with the others on the page. They look completely different. My guess is that this is a picture of soldiers in the new armies constructed in late Qing. Just for the record, what is the Japanese word for Boxer used in the caption for this picture, and when was the book published?--Niohe 10:44, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

They use the word 義和団. I don't have the book on hand right now, but it is fairly recent (just a few years). Regards PHG 12:44, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

I still find the picture problematic. If you look at the other pictures (which are widely publicized), you notice that none of the boxers carry firearms nor do they dress in neat uniforms.

To respond to your point earlier, I think it is up to the people who want to keep it to show why it is authentic. Until then, the picture should be deleted.--Niohe 13:11, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Sorry, but at least this image is referenced from a published source. Please reference your point that "none of the boxers carry firearms nor do they dress in neat uniforms". And this image: Image:Boxer Rebellion.jpg doesn't really show weaponless soldiers I think. Regards PHG 13:20, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Judging by the dress, these people are really soldiers from the Qing armies. Pls also remember that this is a drawing. Reference to my statement? Just scroll down the page and have a look at the two pictures. I see no firearms, nor do I see any uniforms.

I still find the image dubious and I would like to see it deleted.--Niohe 13:35, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Furthermore, I observe that the book you are referring to is about the Japanese Navy and not about the Boxers. It is easy to include dubious images off topic in a work like that.--Niohe 13:38, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Belgian embassy?

"The embassies of the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United States, Russia, and Japan were all located on the same city block close to the Forbidden City"

"However, the Spanish, Belgian, and German embassies were not on the same compound."

Where was the Belgan embassy?

Maxim gun at the compound

I have deleted phrase "old Austrian Maxim gun" in the embassy compound. It had been restored and I have deleted it again for the reasons below: 1. At the time of the rebellion Maxim guns were a world novelty; therefore no "old Maxim gun". 2. Austrians did not use Maxims; their machine gun was Schwarzlose. 3. Finally and most importantly: the gun at the compound, sometimes nicknamed "International Gun" or "Betsy" was indeed and old, muzzle loaded cannon. Nickname came from the fact that the barrel was British, the carriage Italian, the shells - Russian, the crew American. A picture of it can be found here: http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/rcs_photo_project/868.html, with the detailed description. See also: Marina Warner, "The dragon empress : life and times of Tz'u-hsi 1835-1908 : empress dowager of China", London : Cardinal, 1974. In the book there is both a picture and the description of the gun.

Figure on deaths

Can we get a figure on how many deaths were caused by the boxer's. And how many can be attributed to the europeans? MrDark 10:35, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

The Belgian Legation

The Belgian Legation (not Embassy) was located east of Legation Street (entering from what is now Tiananmen Square) at the edge of the foreign quarter. The Legation was given up on 22 June 1900, the second day of the siege, in order to shorten the defence lines. The (repaired / rebuilt?) Belgian Legation still exists but is now a guest house (currently no longer for Westerners - see the Lonely Planet Guide on Beijing, 6th edition), across from St Michael's Church. I have had a quick peek at some of the compound (the ubiquitous Beijing Security permitting after some smooth talking) on 13 and 27 April 2006. A couple of snaps are available upon request at dompiak at yahoo dot com. The main building is a rather attractive little red brick manor.

The Belgian Legation

The picture is definitely of the Chinese mercenaries helping the British. The Boxers didn't use guns.

Really? I remember that the German Ambassor Klemens von Ketteler was shot.

That's utter rubbish. John Smith's 19:53, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Don't know about the picture, but Ambassor Klemens von Ketteler was not shot by a Boxer. He was shot by a uniformed Manchu Bannerman named Enhai, a lance corporal in the Peking Field Force. He was later tracked down by the Japanese and executed by the Germans. Before his execution he said that he'd been promised a promotion and seventy taels of silver by his superior (but only received 40). (Seagrave - "Dragon Lady" p335, quoting Fleming p108 and Satow diary, Oct 21,1900) Ka-ru 7:30, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Rebellion

The line in this section "When the Envoy for the German Empire, Klemens Freiherr von Ketteler, was kidnapped and killed on June 20, the foreign powers declared open war against China" is not completely correct on 2 counts.

1) Ketteler was not kidnapped. He was shot while traveling in a sedan chair on the way to the Yamen (Chinese foreign affairs office) by a Manchu soldier. (Seagrave - "Dragon Lady" p335, refering Fleming p108 and Satow diary Oct 21, 1900)

2) While this did provoke hostilities in Peking, war had already been declared many miles away by the Allied forces at the Taku forts. After the Boxers burnt down the French Settlement near Tientsin on June 14, and with the forts taking on supplies and reinforments in light of the array of Allied warships just off the coast, it was decided to issue an ultimatum on June 15 for the forts' surrender at 2am, June 17. Prior to this, technically, the enemy had been the Boxer uprising, not the Chinese government. When the Allies attacked at 12.45am on June 17, a state of war with the Chinese nation began. At this point, no shots had been fired at the legations in Peking. The American forces did not take part in this initial ultimatum as they were ordered not to become involved militarily in the absence of a declaration of war. (Seagrave - "Dragon Lady" p329-331, refering Ibid., p347)

Due to telegram lines to Peking being cut, the court in Peking did not find out about the ultimatum until June 19, where an order was issued to defend the provinces from foreign attack, one day before Ketteler's murder. In fact, Ketteler was traveling to the Yamen as a result of the news of the fighting arriving the day before and the Yamen's suggestion that foreigners evacuate the capital. (Seagrave - "Dragon Lady" p332, refering Tan p74-75) Ka-ru 16:34, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Australian involvement

No mention of the Australian Naval contingents that were sent into China? I'm assuming they've been lumped in with "British Forces"?

Reference Needed

"Much of it was later earmarked by both Britain and the U.S. for the education of Chinese students at overseas institutions, subsequently forming the basis of Tsinghua University". Besides the establishment of Tsinghua University by the US using part of the war reparations, is there any reference or sources that back up this claim as a whole? if not this statement should be repharsed.

Picture deletion explanation

The picture on top of the page is likely not depicting boxers, for the very reason that (1) Boxer usually did not carry guns and (2) they did not wear standardized uniforms. The picture may be referenced, but the author of the book has in all likelihood confused a group of reguar soldiers with the boxers. For more info, see Talk:Boxer_Rebellion#Picture above. --Niohe 12:41, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

I have moved a picture, which is widely recognized as genuine, to the top of the page.--Niohe 13:04, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Boxer's Religious Beliefs (Myth?)

Can anyone confirm any of the Boxer's belief in the paranormal (for a lack of a better word); in particular spirit possession and magic charms? I'm beginning to believe its nothing but a myth. I havnt once seen a single old photo of Boxer's wearing magical charms and the like. Can someone elaborate or prove me wrong (please).

Bob (Janurary 24, 2007)

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 74.98.128.230 (talk) 23:03, 24 January 2007 (UTC).

Well, photos weren't exactly popular at the time, and probably even less so in provincial China. I have a few books here that cite the superstitious beliefs of the Boxers, including believing bullets wouldn't hit them, use of dance, and the belief in a "spiritual army" of dead who would crush the Westerners. The bookx include "Recent Chinese Studies of the Boxer Movement" by David D. Buck and "The Boxer Rebellion" by Christopher Martin. Both are a bit old, but I haven't seen anything to dispute them. Trappleton 04:24, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

The Boxer's religious belief is everything that made them what they were. If not for it, CiXi and the court would not have been impressed. It is their belief in the paranormal, which supposedly allows them to combat the westerners, which gained them the support and popularity. You will also find that the regional governor's doubt/disbelief at the superstition made them draw away from the movement (yes, and of course there were foreign pressures and the fact that they would hate a centralized government, etc would make them prefer a regional one, but I don't think they really saw the boxer movement as anything more than a bunch of thugs that the court empowered out of desperation.) --RoSeeker 00:59, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Deleted text in The Boxers section

User:Enochlau deleted text on April 22, 2007 because he claimed it was unverified. That claim may be valid, and we welcome challenges to undocumented statements, but that is not the appropriate Wikipedia process. Correct is to add the citation-needed tag {{fact|date=April 2007}} to the questioned text and give the editor the opportunity to provide a valid reference source. If he does that within a reasonable time, the text remains. Otherwise, it can be removed. I have restored the deleted text and added such a tag. I will check back in one week (April 29, 2007) and take appropriate action at that time. Truthanado 21:33, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

I see there have been some edits in this area that seem reasonable and supportable. No further action is needed. Truthanado 17:24, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

Whether the Empress Dowager Cixi supported the Boxers.

As i surf wikipedia, i found 3 sources giving different opinions to whether the Empress Dowager suported the Boxers.I am at a puzzle here.Which is correct?Did she support the Boxers openly,was forced to support the Boxers by the court or condemned the Boxers in the open but supported them behind the scene?

She supported the Boxers. See Hsu, or any other reputable history books on late Qing. -RoSeeker 00:54, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Doesn't make sense...

Foreign media described the fighting going on in Peking as well as alleged torture and murder of captured foreigners. Tens of thousands of Chinese Christians were massacred in north China. Many horrible stories that appeared in world newspapers were based on a deliberate fraud.

Were the stories exaggerations or simply lies? This article mentions the murder of 18000 Chinese Catholics, so is this true or not? Is the only the torture alleged, or both torture and murder? I think it is now seen as a fact that foreign missionaries were murdered. I understand that there is a debate about the POV of the article, but perhaps passages could be edited to avoid contradiction. --Scotchorama 09:31, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Massmurder in Blagoveshchensk 1900

After the Russians entered in Manchuria to built the Chinese Eastern Railway, the Russian policy in clearing the southern shores of Amur of Chinese had been ruthless. On the south side of Amur the ones populated forts and villages were deserted. During the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 the Chinese outlaws from the south side of the Amur habitually fired the Russian river ships. Some shots were fired from the small Chinese village on the other side of the river, opposite Blagoveshchensk, where the river is about 800 metre wide and nearly three metre deep in shipping channels. There were an indefinite number of Chinese living peaceably in Blagoveshchensk, estimated at between 3.000 and 12.000. Most reliable figure is more than 10.000 Chinese living by 1900 at town.

The Russian commander of Imperial Army unit based at Blagoveshchensk, fearing that an Chinese uprising was imminent, ordered the Russian soldiers drove those Chinese civilians some four versts up river from the town and forced them into water. Some managed to climb on to rafts, but the majority was drowned.

JN

???

"70,000 Imperial Troops"

ok.... Contralya 11:54, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

An Empire of 400 million people defeated by 50,000 troops??

How come? When reading about The Boxer Rebellion, it is always astounded my that the empire didn't even have the power to capture the foreign legation. China used to field huge armies, by the hundreds of thousands in a single battle. Yet, during the Boxer Rebellion it had....how many? I mean, where was the chinese millions? Rad vsovereign (talk) 18:36, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

Its a matter of organization, technology, training, all of which were not in favor of the Chinese. Plus, much of the Chinese population was either incapable or unmotivated to leave and fight. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.235.162.126 (talk) 19:26, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

Name of the conflict

The article should include a mention of how the rebellion came to be called the "Boxer" rebellion, what did boxers have to do with it? Shadoom (talk) 05:47, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

I've read that they were something along the lines (but not this, will post back when I find the citation ... see below from "a thousand miles of miracles", glover - has pictures too) "society of the lightning fists" and so they were nick-named boxers by the western newspapers. They had several names. This is why the picture with the caption A Boxer rebel. His banner says (in translation) "By Imperial Order - Boxer Supply Commissariat". the Boxer bit was a western invention, they had a well defined Chinese name, can't imagine they would use an English language one on their own banners. Pbhj (talk) 02:59, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

The regular (or literary) name given to the Guild was that of " I Ho Ch'iian," which means literally ** The Righteous United Fists.** It was this latter word which (improperly) gave rise to the notorious term " Boxers.*' The local (or colloquial) name was that of " Ta Tao Huei,** or " The Guild of the Great Sword." The use of tliis latter style (at least in our district) was invariable.

Since Chinese and foreign historians now generally agree that the movement actually intended to support the dynasty, they call it the "Boxer Uprising" rather than "Boxer Rebellion." Should we add a short explanation of the controversy and change the title of the article to "Boxer Uprising"? ch (talk) 07:16, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

The most common name is still "Boxer rebellion". The American Revolution was technically a secession, for instance. Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 13:24, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

Lead section

• In the lead section, the final paragraph begins "The government of Empress Dowager Cixi was not helpful..." What does this mean? Helpful who? — ERcheck (talk) 15:05, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

• Duration of the rebellion? Which is it?
  • The introductory paragraph says November 1899.
  • The infobox says 2 November 1899.
  • The Uprising section says "The Boxer activity began in Shandong province in March 1898..."

— ERcheck (talk) 15:30, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

Duration of the rebellion? It's probably quite a hard question. It started as activity, then became a rebellion, then gained government support and became an uprising; following the interventions of the eight-nation alliance it probably then became an underground movement. Pbhj (talk) 01:46, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

Newly-added section with issues

User:Arilang1234 has recently added a large section to the article which appears to have several issues; assigning undue weight to a minority opinion, using non-reliable sources such as other language versions of Wikipedia, and using an inappropriate tone. I've moved it to here for discussion and editing.

Yuan weishi (1931-) retired professor of philosophy at Chung San University,China.

• ProfessorYuan weishi published an essay : Questions on Chinese History Text books and China's modernization. 現代化与中國的历史教科書问題,by criticizing the errors on Chinese school's history text books,he is analyzing the Manchu Dynasty's history from a broader perspective.

The research done by professor Yuan has shown that the so called "Boxers"were more like looters and savages then they were patriots. The murder of French catholic priest（Auguste Chapdelaine ）in 1856 was unwarranted and unforgivable. Professor Yuan pointed out that school text books have omitted the Boxer's anti-civilization and anti-humanity evil doing.Boxer members pulled out telegraphic poles,burned missionary schools,destroyed railroads,burned foreign imports,murdered foreigners and Chinese who happened to be connected to any foreigners.The Boxers were complete savages and barbarians,were stupid to the extreme.

• Professor pointed out,not only the Boxers were savages,the Manchu official Yu Xian 山西巡抚毓贤 was no different.On 27/6/1856,he started with burning down the Tai Yan 太原 foreigner owned hospital,and went to a church to round up 210 women and children aged between 5 to 30 years old.2 weeks later,he went to foreigners area again,this time he caught 44 foreigners of all ages,plus 17 Chinese converts,and all of them were beheaded on market place to be seen by the public.One of the then newspaper even reported:"Foreigners were afraid when news about Peking massacre were known.When foreigners went to official Yu Xian and asked for protection,but were tricked and round up and annihilated.Yu Xian personally killed a few foreigners using knife."

And Yu Xian 毓贤 was not alone.Dai Lan 辅国公載澜, Dai Xun 載勋, Gang Yi 刚毅 ,who were all under imperial order(from Empress Dowager) to command the Boxers,were as savage and violent as Yu Xian,if not more.

• Boxer Rebellion's carnage.

Professor Yuan's research had also shown that most of the members of the Boxers were ignorant peasants,and a lot of them were plain robbers and thugs.Between 24/6 and 24/7 1900,231 foreigners were murdered by the Boxers,among them were 23 children.In Shan Xi alone,there were 5700 Chinese catholic were murdered;mostly by the Boxers,some by theimperial army.In Liao Nin 奉天（辽宁),more then thousands converts were killed.In He Bei直隶（河北),killings were conducted all over the place,and cover every county.In some county thousands were being murdered,and houses were burned down.Even in Zhe Jiang 浙江 thousands of catholic families were burned and murdered. The worst massacre happened in Peking,and nobody will ever know how many,because there was no record handed down.According to some eyewitness's account:16/6/1900,boxers bandits burned De Ji Drug Store 大栅栏德记药房,fire was spreaded to food shop,Lamp City Street 灯市街,Kwang Yin Buddha Temple 观音寺,Jewellery Market 珠宝市,about 4000 plus shops were burned down,and the fire continued into daylight.The Boxers stopped any effort to put out the fire.The destroyed area was the capital most busy district.Peking city was being looted and burned for days,anyone whom the Boxers were unhappy of,would be called converts,and the whole family were killed.At least hundreds of thousands of ordinary folks were murdered.Peking at its peak time,the population was near 4 millions.Ever since the start of the Boxers Rebellion,the whole city was being looted and burned,many houses were empty,foxes came out in the day time,and people were like walking among cemetery.This was the result of the so-called Boxers Revolution.

I've left a note on the user's talk page. Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 13:35, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

• Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Boxer Rebellion

http://www.answers.com/topic/boxer-rebellion

Quote:"Boxer" was the English name given to a Chinese secret society that practiced boxing and calisthenic rituals in the belief that it would make its members impervious to bullets.UnquotedArilang1234 (talk) 22:52, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

• bmsworldmission.org

http://www.bmsworldmission.org/standard.aspx?id=9436

Quote:Reliable educated native has brought news from Shanxi. Mission houses in Taiyuan burned…. Missionaries fled there… promised safety, immediately massacred, altogether thirty-three Protestants. Probable total, fifty-one foreigners, besides many natives. Xinzhou, six persons escaped mountains horseback… fate unknown Unquoted

Quote:So what exactly did happen to the mission workers?

This Boxer Rebellion, as it was dubbed, was an uprising from 1899 to 1901 against foreign influence in areas such as trade, politics, religion and technology. In Shanxi province this led to the governor, Yuxian, issuing a proclamation, saying: Foreign religions are reckless and oppressive, disrespectful to the gods and oppressive to the people. The righteous people will burn and kill."

Unquoted.

Arilang1234 said:So professor Yuan Weishi is telling the truth.Arilang1234 (talk) 23:09, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

• BOXER REBELLION 1900

http://www.haileybury.herts.sch.uk/archives/roll/BOXER%20REBELLION%201900.htm

Quote:By 1900 the problem with an anti-foreign and anti-Christian movement of secret societies known as the "Boxers" came to a head. Boxer bands spread over the north China countryside, burning missionary facilities and killing Chinese Christians UnquotedArilang1234 (talk) 23:18, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

• The Chinese Martyrs of the Boxer Rebellion

Contributed by Father Geoffrey Korz

http://www.orthodox.cn/saints/korz_en.htm

Quote: By June 1900, placards calling for the death of foreigners and Christians covered the walls around Beijing. Armed bands combed the streets of the city, setting fire to homes and "with imperial blessing" killing Chinese Christians and foreigners. UnquotedArilang1234 (talk) 23:24, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

• More killings

http://www.fas.org/news/china/2000/000620-prc1.htm

Quote:People who had been flayed (skinned) alive, people who had been burned alive, people who had been tortured by the Boxers in the temples. Men, women, children with their eyes gouged out (and) trussed up like chickens. There were also massacres of foreign missionaries who had not managed to reach safety. Unquoted.Arilang1234 (talk) 23:33, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

• Boxer supported by Empress Dowager

http://www.historikorders.com/chinaboxer.htm Quote: The Boxers also believed that they had a magical power, and that foreign bullets could not harm them. Millions of "spirit soldiers," they said, would soon rise from the dead and join their cause.

Their cause, at first, was to overthrow the imperial Ch'ing government and expel all "foreign devils" from China. The crafty empress, however, saw a way to use the Boxers. Through her ministers, she began to encourage the Boxers. Soon a new slogan: "Support the Ch'ing; destroy the foreigner!" appeared upon the Boxers' banner.Unquoted. Arilang1234 (talk) 23:49, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

• St. Modeste Andlauer

Martyrs of the Boxer Rebellion

http://www.sjweb.info/Jesuits/saintShow.cfm?SaintID=90

Quote:During the violence known as the Boxer Rebellion approximately 30,000 Catholics were put to death. Unquoted Quote:Then they beheaded them and displayed the heads of the Jesuits on the village gates as a brutal warning of what awaited Christians who did not return to their ancestral religion.UnquotedArilang1234 (talk) 00:07, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

• English Professor Henry Hart recently took a research trip to China

http://web.wm.edu/news/archive/index.php?id=4174 Quote:The Boxer uprising ultimately claimed the lives of more than 32,000 Chinese Christians and several hundred foreign missionaries (historian Nat Brandt called it “the greatest single tragedy in the history of Christian evangelicalism”).Unquoted Arilang1234 (talk) 00:28, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

• Text of USA Secretary of State,John Hay's First Open Door Note

http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/fists.html

Quote:From inside the Forbidden City, the empress told the diplomats that her troops would soon crush the "rebellion." Meanwhile, she did nothing as the Boxers entered the capital.Unquoted.

Quote:Surrounded, the foreigners could neither escape nor send for help. For almost two months, they withstood fierce attacks and bombardment. Things began to look hopeless. Seventy-six defenders lay dead, and many more were wounded. Ammunition, food, and medical supplies were almost gone.Unquoted.Arilang1234 (talk) 05:18, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

• Kings College history department

http://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/tzuhsi.html Quote: During her life in politics, Tzu-Hsi was clever and masterful. Her narrow-mindedness and ultra-conservatism in government policy delayed what China needed to do to keep pace with the rest of the world in the late 1800's. By the time she realized, it was too late. Therefore, many historians believe that Tzu-Hsi's success in the politics of her country helped put an end to any realistic hope of a modernized imperial China. UnquotedArilang1234 (talk) 05:41, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

• Buschini, J. "The Boxer Rebellion." 2000. Small Planet Communications.

http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/fists.html

Quote:Progressing from her intial support before the rebellion to her fleeing of the country towards the end.UnquotedArilang1234 (talk) 05:46, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

• Cameron, Maribeth Elliot. The Reform Movement in China. New York: Octagon Books, 1963.

Quote:This book is an extremely useful source when studying the dowager empress because it portrays her in a positive light. This is not very common in regard to most books written about her. This is because most books focus on her negative, court politic playing behavior. I found this book to be just as credible as the others in this bibliography. It was just written from a different perspective. Unquoted —Preceding unsigned comment added by Arilang1234 (talk • contribs) 05:50, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

• Rhodes, Murphy. A History of Asia. Harper-Collins College Publishers, 1996.

Quote:However, the picture it paints is an extremely negative one. It focuses on Tzu Hsi as solely a power hungry, miserable, rotten woman who would do anything to get power and then to stay in power. Therefore, this book would be useful for the study of the empress dowager because it gives the researcher yet another perspective. Unquoted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Arilang1234 (talk • contribs) 05:54, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

• Warner, Marina. The Dragon Empress: Life and Times of Tz'u-hsi, 1835-1908, Empress Dowager of China. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1972.

Warner, a jounalist, describes Tz'h-hsi as trapped by superstition, nepotism, and a corrupt court. Readable account with some good pictures. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Arilang1234 (talk • contribs) 05:56, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

• Vare, Daniele. The last empress. New York: Doubleday, Dorant & Co., 1936.

Quote:. Daniele Vare's point of view is that even if she did do many things that were negative along with some that were positive this only goes to show she is human.Unquoted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Arilang1234 (talk • contribs) 05:59, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

• Carving up the Melon

http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHING/BOXER.HTM WSU= Ranked a top-tier research university by the Carnegie Foundation, Washington State University provides world-class, hands-on education to a diverse student ... Quote: In reality, the Boxer rebellion could hardly be classified as either a rebellion or a war against the Europeans. China was largely under the control of regional Governors General; these regional officials ignored the Empress Dowager's instructions and put forth every effort to prevent disorder or any harm coming to foreigners. The Boxer Rebellion, then, was only limited to a few places, but concentrated itself in BeijingUnquotedArilang1234 (talk) 06:20, 4 September 2008 (UTC).

• Australian troops(about !000)in Peking.

http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-conflicts-periods/other/boxer-natal.htm

Quote:China c. 1900. Chinese prisoners, perhaps Boxers or criminals, with written tags attached to declare their crime. They are stood on a pile of stones, one stone removed daily gradually increasing pressure on the throat until strangulation takes place. Death takes several days.

• This was not done by Australians; it was a local punishment.Unquoted —Preceding unsigned comment added by Arilang1234 (talk • contribs) 06:38, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

• Frances Wood, author and curator in the Chinese section at The British Library

http://www.fathom.com/feature/122228/ Quote:Books by survivors of the Siege of the Legations or missionary massacres rarely acknowledge that most victims of the Boxers, whether Christian converts or simply innocent residents, were Chinese; and the Chinese government was humbled and financially crippled by the terms demanded by the foreign powers.Unquoted

• R.C. Forsyth, The China Martyrs, London, 1904.

http://www.fathom.com/feature/122228/

R.C. Forsyth's 'complete roll of the Christian heroes martyred in China in 1900'.............. offering graphic detail of the murder of missionaries, especially women and children. It was also a matter of some pride that 'the Boxer massacres produced more Protestant martyrs than all the previous decade of the Protestant Church's history in China'.

• F. Brown, From Tientsin to Peking with the Allied Forces, London, 1902.

• Sir Robert Hart, The Peking Legations, Shanghai, 1900

Arilang1234 (talk) 10:52, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

Please stop adding large chunks of text when others have expressed concerns about it. I don't like to be blunt, but I think the text that you keep adding is poorly written, confusing and of dubious relevance. enochlau (talk) 17:45, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

long confusing irrelevant section

I removed it, and made a couple of other changes, but it seems to keep reappearing. I've never really edited before, but there's a big chunk here that is essentially propaganda for one view, that is difficult to read because of poor grammar, and that is frequently not germane to the topic. Can someone who knows a little more about wikipedia/has a little more time do something about this. I came to this article because I have an interest in the topic, and want to learn more about it, but instead I'm getting a list of 120 Catholic martyrs, and the Manchu emperors described as "barbaric." Doesn't sound NPOV to me. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.103.204.232 (talk) 10:31, 7 September 2008 (UTC)