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Clan MacLeod

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Clan MacLeod
Sìol Tormoid
Crest: A bull's head cabossed sable, horned Or, between two flags gules, staved at the first
MottoHold fast
Profile
DistrictInner Hebrides
Plant badgejuniper
Chief
Hugh Magnus MacLeod of MacLeod
The Chief of the Name and Arms of MacLeod
SeatDunvegan Castle

Clan MacLeod (Template:Lang-gd; Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈkl̪ˠan̪ˠ viçkʲ ˈlɔːtʲ], English: /ˌklæn mɨˈklaʊd/) is a Highland Scottish clan associated with the Isle of Skye. There are two main branches of the clan: the Macleods of Harris and Dunvegan, whose chief is Macleod of Macleod, are known in Gaelic as Sìol Tormoid ("seed of Tormod"); the Macleods of Lewis, whose chief is Macleod of The Lewes, are known in Gaelic as Sìol Torcaill ("seed of Torcall"). Both branches claim descent from Leòd, who lived in the 13th century.

History

Origins

The surname MacLeod means 'son of Leod'. The name Leod is an Anglicization of the Scottish Gaelic name Leòd, which is thought to have been derived from the Old Norse name Ljótr, meaning ugly.[1] Clann means family, while mhic is the genitive of mac, the Gaelic for son, and Leòid is the genitive of Leòd. The whole phrase therefore means The family of the son of Leod.

The Clan MacLeod of Lewis claims its descent from Leod, whom according to MacLeod tradition was a younger son of Olaf the Black, King of Mann (r.1229–1237). However, articles have been published in the Clan MacLeod magazine which suggest an alternate genealogy for Leod, one in which he was not son of Olaf, but a 3rd cousin (some removed) from Magnus the last King of Mann. In these alternate genealogies, using the genealogy of Christina MacLeod, great granddaughter of Leod, who married Hector Reaganach (McLean/McLaine) these articles suggest that the relationship to the Kings of Mann was through a female line, that of Helga of the beautiful hair. The dating of Christina's genealogy and the ability to line it up with known historical facts lend a great deal of authenticity to the claims of the authors.

Dunvegan Castle, home to the same MacLeod family for over 700 years.[2]

MacLeod tradition is that Leod who had possession of Harris and part of Skye, married a daughter of the Norse seneschal of Skye, MacArailt or Harold's son who held Dunvegan and much of Skye.[2] Leod's two sons, Tormod and Torquil, founded the two main branches of the Clan MacLeod, Siol Tormod and Siol Torquil.[2] Torquil's descendants held the lands of the Isle of Lewis until the early seventeenth century when the MacKenzies successfully overthrew the Lewismen,[2] partly with the aid of the Morrisons, and the MacLeods of Harris (Siol Tormod). Younger branches of Siol Torquil held the mainland lands of Assynt and Cadboll longer, and the Isle of Raasay until 1846.[2] Siol Tormod held Harris and Glenelg on the mainland, and also the lands of Dunvegan on the Isle of Skye.[2]

Leod, according to tradition, died around 1280 and was buried on the holy island of Iona, where six successive chiefs of the clan found a last resting-place after him.[This quote needs a citation]

A DNA project studying the Y-DNA of males bearing surnames associated with Clan MacLeod found that the vast majority of the men tested had a Haplogroup of R1b, which is the most common Haplogroup in the British Isles and considered to be "Celtic". A total of 32% of all men tested, who were also in this R1b Haplogroup, also shared the same Haplotype and showed this group shared a common ancestor.[3]

A romanticised depiction of a McLeod by R. R. McIan in 1845.

According to the study, this 32% of MacLeods tested had a common ancestor within 1000 years (some will have a common ancestor earlier but all who match with another of the surname with 23/25, 33/37, 62/67 markers share the same more distanct ancestor), thus this Haplotype is considered to show the founding lineage of the Clan MacLeod.[3] While the study could not prove a "Viking" origin of the clan, the study claimed the DNA of this group showed that the clan was founded by a man who could have originated in Scotland or the Isle of Man It should be noted however, that the R1b haplogroup is found at a percentage of 30 in Norway and that the studies of the haplogroup R1b are very fluid.[3]

14th century Wars of Scottish Independence

During the Wars of Scottish Independence Norman, who became the 2nd chief of the MacLeods of Skye, assumed power around the year 1280. He fought with King Robert the Bruce when the English were defeated at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. In 1380 the Clan MacLeod along with Clan MacLean and Clan MacKinnon were defeated in battle by MacDonald, Lord of the Isles, who vindicated his right as Lord of the Isles. The MacLeods then submitted and became firm supporters of the Lord of the Isles and Clan Donald, only to become enemies again in the late 15th century.

15th century clan conflicts

Tuiteam Tarbhach
  • By 1495 the chief of Clan MacDonald's title as Lord of the Isles had been revoked. Soon afterwards the Clan MacLeod successfully took Dunscaith Castle from the MacDonalds led by their chief Alistair Crotach MacLeod. They went on to besiege Knock Castle before withdrawing and in 1498 the MacLeods captured Duntulm Castle from the MacDonalds.[6]

16th century clan conflicts

  • In 1588 William MacLeod of Dunvegan, the 13th chief, bound himself and his heirs in a bond of manrent to "assist, maintain, and defend, and concur with Lachlan Mackintosh of Dunachton, Captain and Chief of the Clan Chattan, and his heirs."[9]

17th century - peace among the clans and Civil War

Ardvreck Castle.
  • In 1608 after a century of feuding which included battles between the Clan MacDonald the Clan MacKenzie and Clan MacLean all of the relevant MacDonald Chiefs were called to a meeting with Lord Ochiltree who was the King's representative. Here they discussed the future Royal intentions for governing the Isles. The Chiefs did not agree with the King and were all thrown into prison. Donald the Chief of the Clan MacDonald of Sleat was incarcerated in the Blackness Castle. His release was granted when he at last submitted to the King. Donald died in 1616 and then Sir Donald MacLeod, his nephew succeeded as the chief and became the first Baronet of Sleat.
  • During the Civil War, after the Battle of Carbisdale in 1650 the defeated James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose surrendered himself to Neil MacLeod of Assynt at Ardvreck Castle. At the time, Neil was absent and it is said that his wife, Christine, tricked Montrose into the castle dungeon and sent for troops of the Covenanter Government. Montrose was taken to Edinburgh, where he was executed on 21 May 1650.
  • By 1651 the Scottish Covenantor government had become disillusioned with the English parliament and supported the Royalists instead. As many as 800 MacLeods fought as Royalists at the Battle of Worcester in 1651.

18th century

The chiefs of Clan Macleod did not support the Jacobite cause in the 1745 Rebellion. The chiefs raised several companies of soldiers in aid of the Government forces.[citation needed] The chief led 500 men in support of the Government at the Battle of Inverurie, on 23 December 1745.[citation needed] In the year 1745, the chief is said to have been able to "bring out" 700 men.[11]

19th, 20th, and 21st centuries

The eldest son of Norman MacLeod of MacLeod (1812–1895), Norman Magnus (1839–1929), succeeded as the 26th chief. The 26th chief died without issue.[12] Norman MacLeod of MacLeod's second eldest son, Torquil Olave (1841–1857) had earlier died without issue as well.[13] Norman Magnus MacLeod of MacLeod was, therefore, succeeded by Norman MacLeod of MacLeod's third son, Sir Reginald MacLeod of MacLeod (1847–1935), as the 27th chief of Clan MacLeod. Sir Reginald MacLeod of MacLeod had no sons, but two daughters. After his death he was succeeded by his eldest daughter Dame Flora MacLeod of MacLeod (1878–1976), the 28th chief and first female chief of the clan.[14][15] In 1951, one of her grandsons, John Wolrige-Gordon, was chosen to be her successor and consequently changed his surname to MacLeod of MacLeod. She died in 1976, and was succeeded by her chosen successor, John MacLeod of MacLeod. The 29th chief aroused some controversy in the year 2000, when he announced that he planned to sell the Black Cuillin mountains on Skye, in order to raise money to restore Dunvegan Castle. He died in 2007 and was succeeded by his son, Hugh Magnus MacLeod of MacLeod, the current chief of Clan MacLeod,.[16]

Clan chiefs

# Name Dates Ancestral notes
1 Leod (Leòd) c.1200–1280.[17] Traditionally said to be a son of Olaf the Black, however this is no longer regarded as fact. Today his ancestry is considered uncertain.[17]
2 Norman (Tormod) aft.1220–bef.1280.[18] Son of Leod. Nothing certain is known about him.[18]
3 Malcolm (Gillecaluim) 1296–1370.[19] Son of Norman.[18] Considered the elder brother of Murdoch (Murchadh) whom Clan Macleod of The Lewes are thought to descend from.[20]
4 John (Iain Ciar) 1320–1392.[21] Son of Malcolm.[21]
5 William 'the Clerk' (Uilleam Cleireach) 1365–1409.[22] Son of John.[22]
6 John 'the Turbulent' (Iain Borb) 1392–1448.[23] Son of William.[23]
7 William 'Long Sword' (Uilleam Dubh) 1415–1480.[24] Son of John 'the Turbulent'.[24]
8 Alexander 'the Humpbacked' (Alasdair Crotach) 1455–1547.[25] Son of William 'Long Sword'.[25]
9 William 1505–1551.[26] Son of Alexander.[26]
10 Mary 1543–aft.1602.[27] Daughter of William.[27]
11 Donald c.1507–1557.[28] Younger son of Alexander (and younger brother of William and in consequence uncle to Mary).[28]
12 Norman (Tormod) c.1509–1589.[29] Younger son of Alexander (and younger brother of Donald, William and in consequence uncle to Mary).[29]
13 William c.1560–1590.[30] Son of Norman.[30]
14 John 1580–1595.[31] Son of William.[31]
15 Sir Roderick (Ruairidh Mor) c.1562–1626.[32] Son of Norman (and younger brother of William and in consequence uncle to John).[32]
16 John (Iain Mor) 1595–1649.[33] Son of Sir Roderick.[33]
17 Roderick 'the Witty' (Ruairidh Mir) 1635–1664.[34] Son of John.[34]
18 John 'the Speckled' (Iain Breac) 1637–1693.[35] Son of John.[35]
19 Roderick (Ruairidh Og) 1674–1699.[36] Son of John 'the Speckled'.[36]
20 Norman 1685–1706.[37] Son of John 'the Speckled'.[37]
21 John 1704–1706.[38] Son of Norman.[38]
22 Norman 'the Red Man' 1705–1772.[39] Son of Norman.[39]
23 Norman 'the General' 1754–1801.[40] Son of a younger son of Norman 'the Red Man'.[40]
24 John Norman 1788–1835.[41] Son of 'the General'.[41]
25 Norman 1812–1895.[42] Eldest son (second child) of John Norman.[41]
26 Norman Magnus 1839–1929.[43] Eldest son (second child) of Norman.[42]
27 Sir Reginald, KCB 1847–1935.[44] Third son (fourth child) of Norman.[43]
28 Dame Flora Louise Cecilia, DBE 1878–1976.[45] Eldest daughter of Sir Reginald.[44]
29 John 1935–2007.[46] Younger son of a daughter of Dame Flora Louise Cecilia. Named as heir by his grandmother in 1951 after changing his surname to Macleod of Macleod.[47]
30 Hugh Magnus b.1973.[48] Eldest son of John.[46]

Castles associated with the clan

Clan heirlooms

The Dunvegan Cup, Fairy Flag, and Sir Rory Mor's Horn.
Main articles: Fairy Flag, Dunvegan Cup, and Sir Rory Mor's Horn

There are several notable heirlooms belonging to the chiefs of the clan and held at their seat of Dunvegan Castle. Possibly the most well known is the Fairy Flag which has numerous traditions attributed its origins and supposed magical powers. It was said to have had the power, when unfurled, to save the clan on three separate occasions. Another heirloom is a wooden and silver ceremonial cup, known as the Dunvegan Cup, which was made in Ireland and dates back to the year 1493. The cup is thought to have passed into the possession of the Macleods sometime in the 16th or 17th centuries, during which time the Macleods sent aid to certain Irish chieftains in their warring against English-backed forces. Another heirloom is Sir Rory Mor's Horn, named after the 15th chief of the clan. Clan tradition states that the male heir of the clan must quaff a drink from the horn in one instance.

Clan symbols

The clan badge—juniper.

Members of Clan Macleod are entitled to wear a crest badge to show their allegiance to their clan chief. This crest badge contains the heraldic crest and heraldic motto of the clan chief. These elements, like the chief's coat of arms, are the heraldic property of the chief alone.[49] The crest within the crest badge is blazoned a bull's head cabossed sable, horned Or, between two flags gules, staved at the first; and the motto is hold fast.[50] Members of Clan Macleod of The Lewes are entitled to wear a different crest badge, derived from the arms of the chief of that clan.[51]

Members of Clan Macleod may also wear a sprig of juniper, as a clan badge. Clan badges are usually worn on a bonnet behind the crest badge, or attached at the shoulder of a lady's tartan sash.[52]

Clan tartan

Tartan image Notes
This is possibly the most instantly recognisable Macleod tartan. It is known as MacLeod of Lewis, MacLeod dress, and even "Loud MacLeod". The earliest published appearance of the tartan was in the Vestiarium Scoticum in 1842. The Vestiarium, composed and illustrated by the dubious 'Sobieski Stuarts', is the source for many of today's "clan tartans". The Vestiarium has also been proven to be a forgery and a Victorian hoax. The tartan was described by Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, in a letter to Sir Walter Scott in 1829: "MacLeod has got a sketch of this splendid tartan, three black stryps upon ain yellow fylde". It is thought that the Macleod chief was a good friend of the Sobieski Stuarts who gave him the sketch of the tartan years before they published their forgery.[53] One contemporary critic of the Vestiarium even likened the Macleod tartan to that of a horse blanket.[54]
This tartan is sometimes known as MacLeod hunting or MacLeod of Harris.[55] It was published in several early collections of tartan such as Logan's The Scottish Gael (1831) and Smibert's (1851). The tartan is derived from the Mackenzie tartan used by John Mackenzie in 1771, when he raised the regiment known as "Lord Macleod's Highlanders". The Mackenzies claimed to be heirs to the chiefship of the Macleods of Lewis, after the death of Roderick in 1595. The tartan was approved by Norman Magnus, 26th chief of Clan Macleod. It was adopted by the clan society in 1910.[56]

Clan septs

Septs are clans or families who were under the protection of a more powerful clan or family. Scottish clans were largely collections of different families who held allegiance to a common chief. The following names, according to the Associated Clan MacLeod Societies, are attributed as septs of Clan Macleod (of Dunvegan and Harris); there are also a number of other septs attributed to Clan Macleod of The Lewes.[57]

Names Notes
Beaton, Betha, Bethune, Beton.[57] There is also an independent Clan Bethune.
Harald, Haraldson, Harold, Harrold, Herrald, MacHarold, MacRalte, MacRaild.[57]
Andie, MacAndie, MacHandie, MacKande, MacKandy, Makcandy.[57]
MacCaig, MacCoig, MacCowig, MacCrivag, MacCuaig, MacKaig, MacQuigg.[57]
MacAlear, MacClewer, MacClure, MacLeur, MacLewer, MacLur, MacLure.[57]
Cremmon, Crimmon, Griman, Grimman, Grimmond, MacCrimmon, MacCrummen, MacGrimman, MacGrymmen, MacRimmon.[57] See MacCrimmon (piping family).
MacKilliam, MacKullie, MacWilliam, MacWilliams, MacWillie, MacWylie, McCullie, Williamson.[57] Also attributed to Clan Gunn.[58]
Norman, Normand, Norval, Norwell, Tormud.[57]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ A Dictionary of English Surnames, p.292.
  2. ^ a b c d e f The Highland Clans, p.171-174.
  3. ^ a b c http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/Research/Genetics%20Clan%20MacLeod.html Retrieved on August 13 2007
  4. ^ History of the House and Clan of MacKay by Robert Makay (1829). p.49 - 50
  5. ^ The MacLeods of Dunvegan by Rev. Canon R.C MacLeod of Macleod. p. 63 to 64
  6. ^ "Seoras.com » Blog Archive » Macleod Chieftans".
  7. ^ "Clan MacLeod@Electric Scotland.com".
  8. ^ "Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland" .p.183. By Sir Robert Gordon (1580 - 1656).
  9. ^ The Celtic magazine; a monthly periodical devoted to the literature, history, antiquities, folk lore, traditions, and the social and material interests of the Celt at home and abroad (Volume 11) p.166[1]
  10. ^ Roberts, John Leonard (1999), Feuds, Forays and Rebellions: History of the Highland Clans, 1475-1625, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 140–1, ISBN 9780748662449
  11. ^ "The Scottish Clans and Their Tartans”. W. & A. K. Johnston Limited. Edinburgh and London. 1886. Page 65.
  12. ^ "Norman Magnus MACLEOD (XXVI Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
  13. ^ "Torquil Olave MACLEOD". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
  14. ^ "Sir Reginald MACLEOD (XXVII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
  15. ^ "Dame Flora MACLEOD (XXVIII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
  16. ^ "John MacLeod of MacLeod". Telegraph.co.uk. 15 Feb 2007. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
  17. ^ a b "Leod OLAFSON (I Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  18. ^ a b c {{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0022/I2.html |title=Tormod [[Norman]] MACLEOD (II Chief)|accessdate=20 March 2009 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org }}
  19. ^ "Malcolm Gillecaluim MACLEOD (III Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  20. ^ "Murdoch Murchadh MACLEOD (I of Lewis)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  21. ^ a b "John Iain Ciar MACLEOD (IV Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  22. ^ a b "William Cleireach MACLEOD (V Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  23. ^ a b "John Iain_Borb MACLEOD (VI Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  24. ^ a b "William Dubh MACLEOD (VII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  25. ^ a b "Alexander Alisdair_Crotach MACLEOD (VIII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  26. ^ a b "William MACLEOD (IX Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  27. ^ a b "Mary MACLEOD (X Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  28. ^ a b "Donald MACLEOD (XI Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  29. ^ a b {{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0074/I22.html |title=Tormod [[Norman]] MACLEOD (XII Chief)|accessdate=20 March 2009 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org }}
  30. ^ a b "William MACLEOD (XIII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  31. ^ a b "John MACLEOD (XIV Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  32. ^ a b "Sir_Roderick Ruairidh_Mor MACLEOD (XV Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  33. ^ a b "John Iain Mor MACLEOD (XVI Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  34. ^ a b "Roderick Rory_the_Witty Ruairidh_Mir MACLEOD (XVII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  35. ^ a b "John Iain_Breac MACLEOD (XVIII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  36. ^ a b "Roderick Ruairidh_Og MACLEOD (XIX Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  37. ^ a b "Norman MACLEOD (XX Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  38. ^ a b "John MACLEOD (XXI Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  39. ^ a b "Norman The_Red_Man MACLEOD (XXII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  40. ^ a b "Norman The_General MACLEOD (XXIII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  41. ^ a b c "John Norman MACLEOD (XXIV Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  42. ^ a b "Norman MACLEOD (XXV Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  43. ^ a b "Norman Magnus MACLEOD (XXVI Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  44. ^ a b "Sir_Reginald MACLEOD (XXVII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  45. ^ "Dame Flora MACLEOD (XXVIII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  46. ^ a b "John MacLeod_of MACLEOD (XXVII Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  47. ^ "John MacLeod of MacLeod". 15 February 2007. Retrieved 29 January 2008. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  48. ^ "Hugh_Magnus Magnus MacLeod_of MACLEOD". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  49. ^ "Crests". The Court of the Lord Lyon. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
  50. ^ Way of Plean 2000: p. 216.
  51. ^ "Arms and Tartans". www.clanmacleod.org. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
  52. ^ Adam; Innes of Learney (1970): p. 541–543.
  53. ^ "Tartan Details - MacLeod of Lewis (VS)". Scottish Register of Tartans. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
  54. ^ Stewart, Donald C.; Thompson, J Charles (1980). Scotland's Forged Tartans, An analytical study of the Vestiarium Scoticum. Edinburgh: Paul Harris Publishing. pp. 83–84. ISBN 0-894595-67-7. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  55. ^ "Tartan - MacLeod/ Macleod of Harris (WR583)". Scottish Tartans World Register. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
  56. ^ "Tartan Details - MacLeod #4". Scottish Register of Tartans. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
  57. ^ a b c d e f g h i "MacLeod Septs". www.clanmacleod.org. Retrieved 18 August 2009.
  58. ^ "Septs of Clan Gunn". www.clangunn.us. Retrieved 22 March 2009.

Sources

  • Adam, Frank; Innes of Learney, Thomas (1970). The Clans, Septs & Regiments of the Scottish Highlands (8th edition ed.). Edinburgh: Johnston and Bacon. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Iain (1967). The Highland Clans. London: Barrie & Rocklif.
  • Reaney, Percy Hilde (2006). A Dictionary of English Surnames (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 0-203-99355-1. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Stewart, Donald Calder (1980). Scarlett, James (ed.). Scotland's Forged Tartans. Edinburgh: Paul Harris Publishing. ISBN 0-904505-67-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Stewart, Donald Calder (1974). The Setts of the Scottish Tartans, with descriptive and historical notes (2nd revised ed.). London: Shepheard-Walwyn Publishers. ISBN 0 85603 011 9. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  • Way of Plean, George; Squire, Romilly (2000). Clans & Tartans. Glasgow: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-472501 8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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