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Jadoon

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The Jadoon (Pashto: جدون) is a Pashtun tribe located in the South of the North-West Frontier Province in Pakistan,[1] partly in Gadoon area in Swabi on the southern slopes of Mahaban Mountains, and partly in Abbottabad and Haripur of Sarhad, Pakistan. Their language is Pashto in Swabi and mostly Hindko in Abbottabad.

History

They are descended from Jadoon, son of Parnaey , and brother of Kakar, the two latter being sons of Dánaey, son of Ghurghusht, son of Kais-i-'Abd-ur-Rashíd, entitled "the Patan." Parni, Kakar, Naghar (the progenitor of the Naghar tribe and Dawi were four sons of Daney son of Ismail, also known as Ghurghusht.[2] They created three tribes: Parni, Kakar, and Naghar (Dawi mixed with the Kakar)[2]

The people of this tribe call themselves jadoons, but Eastern Afghans who change the letter S`h into K`h and "j" into "G" style them Gadoons as the letter J and G are interchangeable in the Pushto language, just as jillani and Gillani are synonyms. The Jadoons were freedom fighters and they showed bravery against their rivals, especially the Sikhs and the British with other prominent Pashtun tribes of the region like the Swati, Tareens Khaji khail and Shilmani. Their leader Sakhi Jan Jadoon had been martyred during the freedom efforts against the Sikhs in the 19th century[3]

Origin

The genealogical table of the tribe, as given in the "Tarikh-e-Khan Jahaniwa-Mukhazan-e-Afghani" by Kawaja Nimatullah Harvi, written in about 1612 A.D, is reproduced (in appendix No.1). This book was written in the region of Mughal emperor Jahangir in which the Jadoon tribe is referred to as a branch of the Panni Afghan. Sir Olaf Caroe, in his famous book "The Pathans" under the genealogical table of Ghurghusht mentions that Jadoons descended form the Panni tribe. Ziring, the author of "Pakistan: The Enigma of Political Development" on page 149 and on page 14 of the year book of the NWFP 1954, writes:

The NWFP is demographically divided between sedentary and tribal people. Although the Pathans are numerically superior, the region is also the home for the Awans, Gujars, etc. The Pathans, divided into numerous distinctive tribal units the major ones in the mountain ranges, are the Yusufzai's of Malakand Agency, the Mohnands and Afridis of the Khyber Agency and Kohat Pass, the Orakzais of Tirah, the Wazirs of North & Southern Waziristan, and the Bhittanis and Shiranis of D.I.Khan. In the setteled areas of the province are the Yusufzais of Mardan, the Khalils, Muhamands, Muhammad-zais, Dauadzais, Khattak, Banghash of Khohat, the Marwats and Wazirs of Bannu and the Gandapurs, kundis and Minakhail of D.I.Khan. Some of the Important minor tribes are the Jadoons of Hazara and Swabi, in the Shinwaris and Mullagories of the Khyber and Babars and Dawars

.

In the book entiiled "Report on the Settlement of Peshawar District, by Major H.R James, 1868, part-II, Appendix-D" on page 133, jadoons are shown in the genealogical table as the descendants from Panni Afghan.

Confusion with the Yadhavs

James Tod was an Englishman and a Colonel,who served in the East India Comapany and wrote a book 'Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan Or the Central and Western Rajpoot" on his expereince in the Indian subcontinent (1) he thought that the Jadoons were related to the to the Yadu race and further wrote that they descended from Salbahan at the period of the expulsion from Gujni [4]Tod also also provides reference to a dreadful battle at Jodpoor in which a Jadoon Kishore leads the fight in 1737 [5] On the other hand William Wilson Hunter has referred to the Jadun as Rajputs of Mewat [6].

However, it is clear that since James Tod was not a linguist or historian, he was simply mistaken. This is further supported by the fact that Montstuart Elphinstone, a Scotsman, a Statesman, historian and first British Envoy to the King of Afghanistan and so a contemprary of Tod did not mention this when he described his encounter with the Jadoons and Yousafzai, in his book, "Account of the Kingdom of Caubol" published in 1815. Moreover, the "Yadu" or Yadhavs (descendants of the King Yadu) as they are properly called do not lay claim to this assumption by Tod. Interestingly among the Pashtuns of the North West Frontier, there are Rajputs who have since converted to Islam and speak Pashto, but still proudly claim their Rajput heritage. It can be concluded that if the Jadoons were Yadhuvs then they would also proudly claim that fact, since the Yadhavs are an Aryan Race from which Lord Krishna descended from, and are of a noble origin.

Clans

The Jadoon tribe is divided into two main sub-tribes, Salar and Mansoor. tribes are further sub-divided into several smaller clans. GHARAAM ZAI mostly in SERBHANNA and otherMusa Zai, Hassan Zai, Dollah Zai, Khizar Zai and Umar Zais are sub-tribes of Mansoor and there are many sub-tribes into Salar like haji khail (bai khani),Ilyas khail Muhammad khail, shabeh khail, Essa Khail, maleeh khail, mustafa zai maha bani, taser khail. ("The Jadoon" book by Sultan Khan Jadoon Hassa zai). Mansoor tribe lives in Salhad, Malikpura, Sheikhul-Bandi,SERBHANNA, Dhamtour, Nawan Shehr, Kakul, Mirpur, Balderi, Mangal,Banda Ilyas Khail,Banda Dilzak,Banda Pir khan, Dhamtour, Bagnotar and Qalanderabad and also lives in Gandaf Sawabi. Salar tribe lives in Havalian, Bagra, Banda Said Khan, Langra, Basian (UC Birote) Gujjer Kohala, Dheerkot and Munhasa (AJK), and many Salar lives in Sawabi.During the Afghan -Russian WAR the Jadoons used to Leave there mothers and sisters at home,which led to russian's down fall.

Also See

serbhanaa*Pashtun tribes

References

  1. ^ North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), Infrastructure Project Development Facility (IPDF) - Government of Pakistan
  2. ^ a b H. A. Rose, IBBETSON, Maclagan (1990). Asian Educational Services (ed.). Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province. p. 198. ISBN 8120605055.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (page 223 has a genealogical map)
  3. ^ Tazkara Sarfaroshan e Sarhad by Muhammad Shafi Sabir
  4. ^ Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan Or the Central and Western Rajpoot by James Tod Page 222
  5. ^ Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan Or the Central and Western Rajpoot by James Tod Page 58
  6. ^ The Indian empire: its peoples, history, and products By Sir William Wilson Hunter Page 852

Other Sources

  • Tazkara Sarfaroshan e Sarhad by Muhammad Shafi Sabir.
  • The Jadoons by Sultan Khan Jadoon (2001).
  • Sir Olaf Caroe, his book "The Pathans".
  • "Tarikh-e-Khan Jahaniwa-Mukhazan-e-Afghani", by Kawaja Nimatullah Harvi,
  • "Afghan" by Muhammad Asif Fitrat
  • Gazetteer of Hazra District 1907
  • District Census Report Hazra

(1) James Tod, Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India, v. 1, p. 17. 2 vols. London, Smith, Elder (1829, 1832); New Delhi, Munshiram Publishers, (2001) ISBN 8170691281 (1) Account of the Kingdom of Caubol - Montstuart Elphinstone

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