Peramivir
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| ATC code |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 100% (IV) |
| Elimination half-life | 7.7 to 20.8 hour in patients with normal renal function |
| Excretion | renal |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C15H28N4O4 |
| Molar mass | 328.40722 g/mol g·mol−1 |
Peramivir is an experimental antiviral drug developed by BioCryst Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of influenza. It has been authorized for the emergency use of treatment of certain hospitalized patients with known or suspected 2009 H1N1 influenza.[1]
Peramivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor, acting as a transition-state analogue inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase and thereby preventing new viruses from emerging from infected cells.
The development of peramivir is supported by the US Department of Health and Human Services as part of the US government's effort to prepare against the threat of an influenza pandemic.[2]
The drug has had a long history. An oral formulation was abandoned by Johnson and Johnson due to poor bioavailability.[3] BioCryst Pharmaceuticals is now developing an injectable version, in partnership with Green Cross Pharmaceuticals in South Korea and with Shionogi Pharmaceuticals in Japan. The drug is in Phase III studies.[4][5]
Use in treating Influenza A (H1N1) "Swine Flu"
In October 2009, it was reported that the experimental antiviral drug Peramivir had been effective in treating serious cases of swine flu.[6] On October 23, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an Emergency Use Authorization for Peramivir, allowing the use of the drug in intravenous form for hospitalized patients only in cases where the other available methods of treatment are ineffective or unavailable;[7] for instance, if oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistance develops and a person is unable to take Relenza via the inhaled route. Peramivir is currently the only intravenous option for treating swine flu.
In oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistant cases, peramivir is not recommended due to reduced sensitivity conferred by oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistance.[8]
Biocryst has donated 1200 courses of treatment to the US department of Health and Human Services.[9]
Dosage and administration
Initial treatment courses are for 5 to 10 days duration. Treatment beyond 10 days is permitted depending on clinical presentation such as critical illness (e.g., respiratory failure or intensive care unit admission), continued viral shedding or unresolved clinical influenza illness.[10]
References
- ^ "Peramivir authorized for Emergency use". LifeHugger. 2009-12-04. Retrieved 2009-12-04.
- ^ "HHS Pursues Advance Development of New Influenza Antiviral Drug" (Press release). US Department of Health and Human Services. 2007-01-04. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
- ^ Pollack, Andrew (2005-10-07). "Talk of Bird Flu Pandemic Revives Interest in Passed-Over Drugs". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
- ^ "Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Peramivir in Subjects With Uncomplicated Acute Influenza". National Institutes of Health. 2007-03-16. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
- ^ "Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Peramivir in Adults With Acute Serious or Potentially Life-Threatening Influenza". National Institutes of Health. 2007-03-28. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
- ^ "Life-Saving H1N1 Drug Unavailable to Most". CBS Evening News. Atlanta, GA, USA: CBS Interactive. 2009-10-19. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
- ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS10540+24-Oct-2009+PRN20091024
- ^ http://www.palmbeachpost.com/health/content/local_news/epaper/2009/10/28/a1a_antiviral_1029.html
- ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS10036+24-Oct-2009+PRN20091024
- ^ "Peramivir: Dosage and Administration". LifeHugger. 2009-12-04. Retrieved 2009-12-04.