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National Hero of Indonesia

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I Gusti Ngurah Rai of Bali is a National Hero of Indonesia.

The title of National Hero of Indonesia (Indonesian: Gelar Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is awarded by the government of Indonesia to people considered to have made a significant contribution to the fight for independence or the development of the nation.

Background

The tradition of officially naming people Indonesian National Heroes began in the time of President Sukarno. The first person awarded the title was Abdul Muis via Presidential Decision No. 218/1959 issued on 30 August 1959. As of the beginning of 2009, 143 people had been named as National Heroes.[1]

There are four types of National Hero:[2]

Criteria

The first set of criteria for a national hero was set out in Presidential Decision No. 241/1958. It defined a National Independence Hero as "a person who throughout his/her life, because of love for the nation did great service or led an organized activity to oppose colonialism in Indonesia, fighting enemies from overseas, or who did great service in the area of politics, statesmanship, socio-economics or culture by fighting for independence and the development of Indonesia". This was refined in 1964 in Presidential Regulation No. 33/1964. This defined a Hero as somebody who died in action or as a result of heroic acts fighting to defend the nation or who although not killed at the time, was proved to have made sacrifices defending the nation and whose subsequent life was unmarred by any actions that detracted from his or hr heroic status. This definition has been used without any major changes since 1964.[3]

National Heroes

This is a list of people who have received the title as of the beginning of 2009:[3]

See also

Singawangsa (1775-1778) Fought against the Dutch in Java.

References

  • Mutiara Sumber Widya (publisher)(1999) Album Pahlawan Bangsa (Album of National Heroes), Jakarta (Indonesian)
  • Sudarmanto, Y.B. (1996) Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan dari Sultan Agung hingga Syekh Yusuf (The Footsteps of Heroes from Sultan Agung to Syekh Yusuf), Penerbit Grasindo, Jakarta ISBN 979-553-111-5 (Indonesian)
  • Winda, D.A (Ed) (2009) Profil 143 Pahlawan Indonesia (Profiles of 143 Indonesian Heroes), Pustaka Timur, Jakarta, ISBN 979-3837-31-4 (Indonesian)

Notes

  1. ^ Winda (Ed) (2009), page v
  2. ^ Winda (Ed) (2009), page vi
  3. ^ a b Winda (Ed) (2009), pp. v-vi Cite error: The named reference "WINDAvvi" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f Unidjaja, Fabiola Desy (11 November 2004), "Composer, freedom fighters declared heroes", The Jakarta Post
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