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2012 Pacific typhoon season

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2012 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedJanuary 1, 2012
Last system dissipatedSeason currently active
Strongest storm
NameBolaven
 • Maximum winds185 km/h (115 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure910 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions23
Total storms15
Typhoons9
Super typhoons1 (Unofficial)
Total fatalities366 total
Total damage$3.35 billion (2012 USD)
Pacific typhoon seasons
2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

The 2012 Pacific typhoon season is an event in which tropical cyclones form in the Western Pacific Ocean. The season will run throughout 2012 with most tropical cyclones forming between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100th meridian east and the 180th meridian. Within the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies who assign names to tropical cyclones which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency will name a tropical cyclone should it be judged to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h, (40 mph) anywhere in the basin. Whilst the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N-25°N even if the cyclone has had a name assigned to it by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center are given a number with a "W" suffix.

Season summary

Typhoon Tembin (2012)Typhoon Kai-tak (2012)Typhoon HaikuiTyphoon Damrey (2012)Typhoon Saola (2012)Typhoon Vicente (2012)Tropical Storm Khanun (2012)Tropical Storm Doksuri (2012)Typhoon Guchol (2012)

Storms

Tropical Depression 01W

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationFebruary 17 – February 21
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1004 hPa (mbar)

On February 15, a tropical disturbance formed southwest of the Mariana Islands, as it drifted westwards to the Philippines, on February 16. After the system entered the South China Sea, on February 17, both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded the storm to a tropical depression, and the storm was given the identification 01W. On February 18, moderate vertical wind shear caused the system's low-level circulation center to become exposed. Late on February 19, convection from 01W came on shore in Vietnam. On February 21, Tropical Depression 01W dissipated to a remnant low, due to the strong vertical wind shear in its environment. Later on the same day, the remnants of 01W later made landfall over Vietnam, and dissipated.[citation needed]

Heavy rains associated with the outer bands of the system triggered widespread flooding and several landslides in the western Philippines. At least two people were killed and another was listed as missing. Three homes were destroyed and five others were damaged as a result of the storm. Overall, nearly 30,000 people were affected by the storm and losses exceeded ₱40 million (US$1 million).[1]

Tropical Storm Pakhar

Tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMarch 26 – April 2
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

On March 17, a tropical disturbance formed northwest of Palau, and was located in an area of moderate vertical wind shear with unfavorable sea surface temperatures. Due to a high-pressure system extending into Vietnam, building up to the northeast of the system, the tropical disturbance slowly crossed the Visayas region and Palawan, during the next couple of days. On March 24, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression, but downgraded it back to a tropical disturbance, on March 25, due to the collapsing outer rainbands, and the exposed low-level circulation center. Early on March 26, the JMA upgraded the tropical disturbance to a tropical depression again, because of low vertical wind shear and favorable sea surface temperatures, in the South China Sea, allowing the system to reorganize.[citation needed]

On March 28, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the tropical depression, as its LLCC began to consolidate more. Early on March 29, the JMA upgraded the tropical depression to a tropical storm, and named it Pakhar, because the storm's convection had completely wrapped around the circulation center. Early on March 30, the JTWC upgraded Pakhar to a Category 1 typhoon, as a banding eye formed. Because of land interaction and colder sea surface temperatures, the JTWC downgraded Pakhar to a tropical storm, early on March 31. On April 1, Pakhar made landfall near Vung Tau, Vietnam, and began to weaken.[citation needed] Early on April 2, the JMA reported that Pakhar had weakened into a tropical depression, before they reported later that day that the system had dissipated over Cambodia.[2]

Although Pakhar did not affect the Philippines as a tropical cyclone, its precursor produced heavy rains across part of the nation. Flooding occurred in different parts of central and southern Luzon, and the northern Visayas region.[3] In Basud, Camarines Norte, 128 families had to be evacuated due to flash flooding. A few landslides resulted from the rains, damaging or destroying a few homes. Throughout the affected region, five people were killed and three others were listed as missing.[4] In Vietnam, four people were killed and several others were injured due to flash flooding and high winds. The hardest hit area was Khanh Hoa province where the storm made landfall. About 4,400 homes were damaged in the region by the storm and thousands of acres of rice paddy were flooded.[5] In Ho Chi Minh City, officials reported that 600 homes and schools were destroyed.[6] The remnants of the system brought rains to parts of Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand.[5]

Tropical Depression

Tropical depression (JMA)
 
DurationApril 8 – April 11
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1004 hPa (mbar)

On April 4, a large cluster of thunderstorms, northwest of the Hawaiian Islands developed into a low-pressure area, which slowly drifted southwestwards. Later, the system developed a low-level circulation center. On April 6, the low-pressure area's LLCC became exposed, as the system entered a large area of moderate vertical wind shear, as the storm turned westward. Later, the system began showing subtropical characteristics, as it restrengthened. On April 8, the low-pressure area crossed the International Date Line, and entered the northwestern Pacific Ocean basin, prompting the JMA to upgrade the storm to a tropical depression. On April 10, wind shear eroded away most of the system's convection, which caused the storm to weaken. Late on April 11, the tropical depression was absorbed by a weather front northeast of Wake Island, prompting the JMA to issue their last advisory on the storm.[citation needed]

Tropical Depression

Tropical depression (JMA)
 
DurationApril 28 – April 30
Peak intensity<55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1008 hPa (mbar)

On April 23, a tropical disturbance formed southeast of Palau. The storm slowly began to moved westwards, as it strengthened. The storm's outer rainbands affected Palau, as the system curved to the south of the island. The system’s convention became significantly organized near Mindanao on April 28, prompting the JMA issuing their first advisory, later that day. On April 30, the tropical depression reached Mindanao, and brought torrential rains and wind. Due to land interaction with Mindanao, the tropical depression weakened into a weak low pressure area on April 30. The storm's remnants dissipated completely on May 1.[citation needed]

Severe Tropical Storm Sanvu

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 20 – May 27
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min);
975 hPa (mbar)

On May 20, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had developed about 525 km (325 mi)* to the southeast of Guam.[7] During May 21, the JTWC also upgraded the system to a tropical depression later. Early on May 22, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Sanvu. Late on May 23, the JTWC upgraded Sanvu to a category 1 typhoon, for the system became compact and more organized as an eye was forming. After being upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA late on May 24, Sanvu’s eye directly passed over Iwo Jima late on May 25. On May 26, strong vertical wind sheer and cool sea surface temperature caused weaker convection around Sanvu, and the eye began to dissipate. The JTWC downgraded Sanvu to a tropical storm late on May 26, followed by the JMA early on May 27, as the system’s low level circulation centre started to became exposed.[citation needed] Late on May 27, the JMA reported that Sanvu had degenerated into a extratropical low, before the remnants dissipated during May 30.[7]

Sanvu brought tropical storm force wind gusts and between 1.5–2 inches (38–51 mm) of rainfall to parts of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.[8] However the only damage reported was on Guam where falling tree limbs caused an estimated $20,000 of damage to power lines.[8]

Typhoon Mawar (Ambo)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 31 – June 6
Peak intensity140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min);
960 hPa (mbar)

On May 29, a tropical disturbance formed northwest of Palau. On May 30, the disturbance began moving northwestwards, as it slowly strengthened. On May 31, the system’s convention became significantly organized near Samar prompting the JTWC to issue a TCFA. Later that day, the PAGASA upgraded the low-pressure area to a tropical depression and assigned its local name Ambo, and the JTWC upgraded the disturbance into a tropical depression. On June 1, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Mawar. On June 2, the JMA upgraded Mawar to a severe tropical storm, and the JTWC upgraded it to a category 1 typhoon as the convection began to wrap up and organize. On June 3, the JMA upgraded Mawar to a typhoon after the JTWC upgraded it to a category 2 typhoon. Early on June 4, the JTWC upgraded Mawar to a category 3 typhoon but downgraded it to a category 2 typhoon only six hours later, due to increasing wind shear coming from a subtropical jet stream located over Japan. On June 5, Mawar started its extratropical transition, and the JMA downgraded Mawar to a severe tropical storm. On June 6, Mawar fully became extratropical cyclone.[citation needed]

Mawar brought torrential rain to parts of the Philippines including the Bicol Region while enhancing the southwest monsoon which triggered delays and cancelled of air flights. In Bicol region, more than 332 passengers were stranded at ports due to Mawar.[9] Different domestic and international flights were forced to divert at Clark Air Base rather than NAIA due to bad weather. Some other flights were also cancelled.[10][11] At least three were reported dead due to rains brought by Mawar.[12]

Typhoon Guchol (Butchoy)

Main article: Typhoon Guchol (2012)
Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 10 – June 20
Peak intensity185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min);
930 hPa (mbar)

Late on June 7, a tropical disturbance formed south-southeast of Pohnpei. Late on June 8, the JTWC issued a TCFA on that system but canceled it late on June 9. The JMA upgraded the low-pressure area to a tropical depression on June 10, so did the JTWC early on June 11. Early on the next day, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, and later the JMA also upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it Guchol. Early on June 14, the JMA upgraded Guchol to a severe tropical storm, and the PAGASA assigned the local name Butchoy on it as the system entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Later that day, the JTWC upgraded Guchol to a category 1 typhoon. On June 15, the system was upgraded to a category 2 typhoon by the JTWC, as it became better organized and started to develop more convection. As Guchol went through explosive intensification with a well defined eye on June 16, the JMA upgraded it to a typhoon early that day, and the JTWC upgraded it further to a category 3 typhoon, later a category 4 super typhoon. On June 18, Guchol started to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle as the storm began to weaken under moderate vertical wind shear, and later it started its extratropical transition. The JTWC downgraded Guchol to a tropical storm on June 19, as it made landfall over Kii Peninsula in Japan. Later that day, the JMA downgraded Guchol to a severe tropical storm. Guchol fully became an extratropical cyclone early on June 20.[citation needed]

Between June 14 and 18, Guchol enhanced the southwestern monsoon over the Philippines, resulting in widespread rains. However, the effects of these rains were limited and only one fatality took place.[13] In Japan, airlines cancelled 420 domestic and international flights because of the strong winds, affecting 32,600 passengers. The town of Nachikatsuura, some 400 kilometres southwest of Tokyo, ordered nearly 1,600 residents to evacuate, warning of the danger of landslides brought on by heavy rain, media reports said.[citation needed] At least two people were killed and eighty others were injured across the country. Total economic losses were estimated in excess of ¥8 billion (US$100 million).[14]

Severe Tropical Storm Talim (Carina)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 16 – June 21
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min);
985 hPa (mbar)

On June 14, a low-pressure area within the monsoonal trough formed east of Hainan, China. On June 16, the low-pressure area started to absorb the surrounding convection from the dissipating monsoonal trough and started to organize, promoting the JMA and the HKO to upgrading the system to a tropical depression later that day. On June 17, the HKO raised the Standby signal, No. 1 as the tropical depression was centered about 470 kilometers from Hong Kong, and the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system. Late on the same day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Talim, and the JTWC upgraded Talim to a tropical depression. On June 18, the JTWC upgraded Talim to a tropical storm. On June 19, as the HKO raised the Strong Wind signal, No. 3, moderate vertical wind shear from the north pushed Talim’s convection to the south. Later that day, the JMA upgraded Talim to a severe tropical storm, but the JMA downgraded it to a tropical storm early on June 20 as the LLCC fully exposed. Yet, Talim’s convection soon wrapped around the center, as it began to merge with a monsoon trough. Later, the PAGASA assigned the local name Carina on the system as it briefly entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Late on June 20, both the JMA and the JTWC downgraded Talim to a tropical depression, as the system weakened in the Taiwan Strait. Shortly thereafter, the tropical depression was absorbed into the same monsoon trough which gave birth to Talim.[citation needed]

Tropical Storm Doksuri (Dindo)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 25 – June 30
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
992 hPa (mbar)

On June 25, the Japan Meteorological Agency started to monitor a tropical depression that had developed embedded within a monsoon trough about 1,585 km (985 mi)* to the southeast of Manilla in the Philippines.[15][16] During that day the depression moved north-westwards and consolidated further before during the next day, PAGASA started to monitor it as Tropical Depression Dindo.[17][18] Later that day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Doksuri,[19] and the JTWC upgraded Doksuri to a tropical depression.[20] Late on the same day, the JTWC upgraded Doksuri to a tropical storm.[21] On June 27, Doksuri’s low-level circulation center became exposed due to moderate easterly wind shear.[22] On June 28, the JTWC downgraded Doksuri to a tropical depression, as the system’s exposed circulation center began to undergo a unusual circulation center replacement cycle, which involves a circulation center to be replaced by another new circulation center.[23] Late on June 29, Doksuri made landfall over Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.[24] During June 30, the JMA reported that Doksuri had weakened into a tropical depression, before reporting that the depression had dissipated later that day.[25] In Macau, the storm caused minor roof damage.[26]

Tropical Depression

Tropical depression (JMA)
 
DurationJune 30 – July 1
Peak intensity<55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1006 hPa (mbar)

On June 26, a tropical disturbance formed southeast of Chuuk. Late on June 28, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system; however, the JTWC canceled its TCFA late on June 30, while the JMA upgraded the low-pressure area to a tropical depression northwest of Palau. On July 1, the system weakened into a low-pressure area. On July 2, the low pressure area crossed the Bicol region. Early the next day, it crossed southern Luzon-Manila area, and classes from preschool to college level were suspended. On July 4, the JTWC reissued a TCFA on the system as it strengthened over the South China Sea. On the same day, the JTWC once again cancelled the TCFA due to lack of convection.[citation needed]

The low-pressure area caused severe flooding to Metro Manila and nearby provinces. In Makati city, the local government lifted the number coding due to heavy rains. In Valenzuela, two persons were killed because a wall collapsed. Meanwhile, V. Luna Avenue in Quezon City remains flooded and impassable to all types of vehicles because of torrential rain. The senate of the Philippines also suspended their session due to bad weather. All classes in Metro Manila and nearby provinces announced their suspension of classes before noon from pre-school to tertiary level. The Philippine National Railway stopped their operation for two hours as severe flooding in Alabang and Sucat were recorded. On July 3, the Malacanang Palace released an order that local governments suspend classes.[27][28][29]

Severe Tropical Storm Khanun (Enteng)

Main article: Tropical Storm Khanun (2012)
Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 14 – July 19
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min);
985 hPa (mbar)

Late on July 12, a large cluster of thunderstorms associated with a Upper Level Low formed a weak low pressure area northwest of Guam. On July 13, the cold-core low separated with lower, warm-core low, and the warm-core low’s convection started to organize, prompting the JMA to upgrade the system to a tropical depression late on July 14. Early on July 15, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system, and it upgraded the system to a tropical depression later that day. On July 16, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Khanun. Later on the same day, the JTWC upgraded Khanun to a tropical storm; also, the PAGASA named it Enteng as the system briefly passed the corner of the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Late on July 17, the JMA upgraded Khanun to a severe tropical storm, as Khanun's center passed over Okinoerabujima. On July 18, the JMA downgraded Khanun to a tropical storm, before the system passed over Jeju. Khanun weakened into a tropical depression near the Korean Demilitarized Zone early on July 19, and it became post-tropical late on the same day.[citation needed]

The storm killed at least one person in South Korea, while in North Korea, state-run media reported that at least seven people were killed in Kangwon province, with an eighth fatality reported elsewhere. It said the storm caused significant damage, destroying 650 dwelling houses, 30 public buildings, railways, roads, bridges, and various systems. The flooding also inundated nearly 3,870 homes, leaving more than 16,250 people homeless.[30]

On 29 July the North Korean government dramatically raised the death toll in the country to 88, with an additional 134 injured. The biggest loss of human life was in two counties of South Pyongan Province. At least 63,000 were made homeless by the flooding, while more than 30,000 hectares of land for growing crops were submerged and will add to growing fears of another looming famine in the country. Three hundred public buildings and 60 factories were damaged during the storm.[31]

Typhoon Vicente (Ferdie)

Main article: Typhoon Vicente (2012)
Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 18 – July 25
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min);
950 hPa (mbar)

Originally Khanun’s large area of convention on July 16, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression on July 18.[32] On July 20, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system;[33] soon, the PAGASA upgraded it to a tropical depression and named it Ferdie.[34] The JTWC also upgraded the system to a tropical depression late on the same day.[35] After the system moved into the South China Sea on July 21, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Vicente,[36] so did the JTWC.[37]

On July 23, due to weak vertical wind shear and high sea surface temperature, Vicente started to undergo an explosive intensification prompting the JMA to upgrade Vicente to a typhoon, and the JTWC upgraded Vicente to a category 4 typhoon later.[38] At 16:45 UTC, the HKO issued the Hurricane Signal, No. 10, the first since Typhoon York in 1999.[39] Later, Typhoon Vicente made landfall over Taishan in Guangdong, China.[40] Due to land interaction, the JMA downgraded Vicente to a severe tropical storm early on July 24, and the JTWC downgraded Vicente to a category 3 typhoon.[41][42] Late on the same day, the JMA downgraded Vicente to a tropical depression.[43]

Typhoon Saola (Gener)

Main article: Typhoon Saola (2012)
Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 26 – August 4
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min);
960 hPa (mbar)

On July 26, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had developed within an area of strong vertical windshear in the monsoon trough about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)* to the southeast of Manila in the Philippines.[citation needed]

Early on July 28, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression, whilst the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it Saola. Soon, the PAGASA upgraded the system to a tropical depression and named it Gener. Later that day, the JTWC upgraded Saola to a tropical storm. Early on July 29, the JMA upgraded Saola to a severe tropical storm. On July 30, the JTWC upgraded Saola to a category 1 typhoon, as it started to develop an eye-like feature, but soon downgraded it to a tropical storm late on the same day. Late on July 31, the JMA upgraded Saola to a typhoon. It continued to intensify the next day, reaching it's peak intensity as a Category 2 typhoon.[citation needed]

Most forecast models predicts Saola to pass very near on the northern coastline of Taiwan, but this is defied on August 1, when Saola had made landfall on Taiwan as a Category 2 typhoon. It moved slowly inland, making a counter-clockwise loop. It made out to sea, now downgraded as a severe tropical storm. Just then did Saola passed very close to the northern coastline of Taiwan, then it headed straight for China. On August 3 it made landfall near Funding, Fujian Province as a tropical storm, then headed straight inland until on the next day when Saola dissipated near Jiangxi.[citation needed]

Typhoon Damrey

Main article: Typhoon Damrey (2012)
Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 27 – August 4
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min);
970 hPa (mbar)

Originally a cold-core low, the system became a tropical disturbance southwest of Minamitorishima late on July 26.[citation needed] Early on July 27, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded it to a tropical depression.[44] On July 28, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system, before the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it Damrey.[45][46] Late on the same day, the JTWC upgraded Damrey to a tropical depression, and even upgraded it to a tropical storm on the next day.[47][48] After Damrey had drifted slowly for two days, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm northeast of Chichi-jima late on July 30, when the storm began to accelerate moving west-northwest and form a banding eye.[49] On August 1, the JTWC upgraded Damrey to a category 1 typhoon, while the system passed through the Ōsumi Islands in Japan, as it started to develop an well defined eye.[50] When Damrey drifted towards Yellow Sea on August 2, the JMA upgraded it to a typhoon.[citation needed] Soon, Typhoon Damrey made landfall over Xiangshui County in Jiangsu, China at 13:30 UTC (21:30 CST).[51] Late on August 2, the JTWC downgraded Damrey to a tropical storm with a final warning, before the JMA downgraded it to a severe tropical storm early on the next day. On August 3, the JMA downgraded Damrey to a tropical depression when it was located in Shandong. The system then dissipated near Hebei on August 4.[52]

Typhoon Haikui

Main article: Typhoon Haikui
Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 1 – August 10
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min);
965 hPa (mbar)

Late on July 31, 2012 a tropical disturbance formed within a large monsoon trough. On August 1, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) mentioned the system as a tropical depression southeast of Iwo Jima, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert late on the same day.[53][54] Late on August 2, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical depression, before the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Haikui early on the next day.[55][56] Early on August 4, the JTWC upgraded Haikui to a tropical storm.[57] On August 5, the JMA upgraded Haikui to a severe tropical storm when it was located north-northeast of Kume Island.[58] The JTWC upgraded Haikui to a category 1 typhoon Late on August 6, as it developed an eye. At 12Z on August 7, the JMA upgraded Haikui to a typhoon, but the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical storm simultaneously. Later, Typhoon Haikui made landfall over Xiangshan County in Zhejiang, China at 19:20 UTC (03:20 CST on August 8).[59] Early on August 8, the JMA downgraded Haikui to a severe tropical storm, when the JTWC issued the final warning. Soon, the JMA downgraded Haikui to a tropical storm.

Severe Tropical Storm Kirogi

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 3 – August 10
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min);
990 hPa (mbar)

A tropical disturbance formed within a large monsoon trough late on August 2, and the JMA mentioned it as a tropical depression northwest of Wake Island early on the next day.[60] On August 4, the JTWC issued a TCFA on this subtropical system, and later upgraded the system to a tropical depression late on the same day.[61] On August 5, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm.[62] Early on August 6, the JMA reported that the system had become extratropical.[63] However, the JMA designated it as a tropical storm with the name Kirogi early on August 8.[64] Early on August 9, the JTWC downgraded Kirogi to a tropical depression.[65] Later, the JMA upgraded Kirogi to a severe tropical storm,[66] and the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm again.[67] Late on the same day, the JTWC issued the final warning to Kirogi as it was becoming an extratropical system.[68]

Typhoon Kai-tak (Helen)

Main article: Typhoon Kai-tak (2012)
Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 12 – August 18
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min);
970 hPa (mbar)

The origins of Kai-tak can be tracked back to the broad area of disturbance embedded in a monsoonal trough that was first spotted, early on August 10.[69] By the next day, the convection deepened and a weak low-level circulation center was spotted with winds of up to 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph). A Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission pass revealed that the convection around the system was very loosely organised and the banding was relatively weak.[70] By midnight, that day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) started tracking the system as a weak Tropical Depression with winds under 30 knots.[71] A couple of hours later, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical cyclone formation alert (TCFA) estimating winds of up to 22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph).[72] As the storm was also in the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)'s area of Responsibility, they started issuing advisories on the system, thus naming it Helen.[73] By noon, on August 12, the JMA confirmed that the depression has reached a windpseed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph).[74] As opposed to this, in their first advisory on the systen, the JTWC said that the storm had winds of up to 25 knots only.[75] Only late that night, did the JTWC confirm winds of 30 knots, based on new microwave imagery and satellite data. The storm was moving to the west at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) at the moment.[76] At midnight, the JMA reported winds of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph), stating that the depression had intensified into a tropical storm, thus officially naming it Kai-tak.[77] At 9 AM, UTC, on August 13, the JTWC confirmed the same.[78] At that time, the system had a broad, partially-exposed low-level circulation center (LLCC) with deep convection persisting along the western periphery.[79] Later the same day, according to JMA, the storm reached a maximum sustained windspeed of 50 knots (93 km/h; 58 mph), thus making it a Severe Tropical Storm.[80]

On the night of August 15, the infrared satellite imagery showed that convective bands have deepened and wrapped tighter into the LLCC and an excellent equatoward outflow. The windspeed was estimated at 65 knots (120 km/h; 75 mph), which is equivalent to a minimal category 1 tyhoon on the SSHS. Kai-tak was expected to continue intensifying before making landfall over China, and then decay rapidly due to land interaction.[81] The storm continued speeding towards China and by the night of August 16, it was drifting west at nearly 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph). Infrared imagery showed that the cloud-top temperatures were starting to drop. The vertical wind shear near Kai-tak had weakened dramatically. However, the storm maintained the same windspeed. The JTWC announced that the storm would start weakening rapidly within 12 hours due to land interaction.[82] It was only at midnight, on August 16, when the JMA officially declared Kai-tak a typhoon.[83] By then, the system sped up towards landmass. It was drifting west at over 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph), poised to make landfall over the Leizhou peninsula over the next 12 hours, cross the Gulf of Tonkin, before making a second and final landfall into northern Vietnam to the east of Hanoi.[84] At the same time, the PAGASA issued their last warning on Kai-tak, otherwise known as Helen, locally, as it left the Philippine area of Responsibility.[85]

On the morning of August 17, Kai-tak made landfall over the Leizhou peninsula, as expected. It maintained the same intensity and was expected to track west-northwestward under the influence of the subtropical ridge.[86] Within 6 hours, Kai-tak made a second landfall over the northeast coast of Vietnam and has weakened slightly. The windpseed dropped to 60 knots (110 km/h; 69 mph) and was no longer a typhoon. Kai-tak was expected to weaken rapidly thereafter.[87] Later that night, the JTWC issued their final warning on the system as it weakened further and sped up inland. They expected the system to dissipate within 24 hours.[88] However, the JMA stopped tracking the storm early the next morning, no longer considering it a tropical cyclone.[89]

Typhoon Tembin (Igme)

Main article: Typhoon Tembin (2012)
Tembin (Igme)
Current storm status
Tropical storm (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:06:00 UTC August 28
Location:24.2°N 123.0°E
About 30 km (19 mi) S of Yonaguni, Japan
Sustained winds:65 (10-min mean)
55 (1-min mean)
gusting to 95
Pressure:975
Movement:NE at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph)
See more detailed information.

On August 16, a tropical disturbance formed southeast of Taiwan.[90] On August 17, the JMA mentioned it as a tropical depression, as a subtropical ridge pushed the system southwards.[91] The JTWC issued a TCFA on the system late on August 18;[92] early on the next day, the JMA upgraded it to a tropical storm and named it Tembin, and the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical depression.[93][94] Soon, the PAGASA also upgraded it to a tropical depression and named it Igme.[95] On August 20, Tembin entered a period of explosive intensification by excellent dual outflow, prompting both the JMA and the JTWC upgrading it to a typhoon.[96][97]

On August 22, Tembin began to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle, as it further weakened to a category 1 typhoon.[98] On August 23, Tembin re-intensified into a category 3 typhoon, before it made landfall over Pingtung, Taiwan later on the same day.[99] Due to minor land interaction, the JMA downgraded Tembin to a severe tropical storm early on August 24, and the JTWC downgraded it to a tropical storm later.[100] Soon, the JTWC upgraded Tembin to a typhoon when it moved into the South China Sea. Late on August 25, the JMA upgraded Tembin to a typhoon again, and the system intensified into a category 2 typhoon early on the next day.

Typhoon Bolaven (Julian)

Bolaven
Current storm status
Tropical storm (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:06:00 UTC August 28
Location:36.6°N 124.7°E
About 115 nmi (213 km; 132 mi) W of Seoul, South Korea
Sustained winds:60 (10-min mean)
55 (1-min mean)
gusting to 85
Pressure:965
Movement:N at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
See more detailed information.

On August 18, the JTWC started to monitor a tropical disturbance that had developed within a trough of low pressure, about 530 km (330 mi)* to the southwest of Hagatna in Guam.[101] During that day the disturbance gradually developed further, before during the next day the JMA started to monitor the system as a tropical depression, while the JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert.[102][103] On August 20, both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Bolaven.[104][105] Early on August 21, the JMA upgraded Bolaven to a severe tropical storm.[106] Later, the JMA upgraded Bolaven to a typhoon,[107] while the JTWC reported that Bolaven had become equivalent to a category 1 typhoon.[108] On August 24, as the system started to develop a well defined, 30 kilometer wide eye, the JTWC upgraded the system to a category 4 typhoon. Soon, the PAGASA assigned the local name Julian as the system entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR).[109]

Although located more than 500 km (310 mi) away from Eastern China, officials in the country issued sea warnings on August 27 due to waves estimated between 9 and 12 m (30 and 39 ft) over the East China Sea and Yellow Sea.[110] In Northeastern China, ferry service along the Yalu River in Dandong City was suspended the same day. Due to the threat of heavy rains, approximately 23,000 were evacuated in Jiangsu Province.[111]

In South Korea, local flights from Ningbo to Jeju Island were canceled in advance of the storm on August 27.[111]

Regarded as the most powerful typhoon to strike the region since 1956,[112] strong winds in Japan's Kagoshima Prefecture left approximately 60,000 residences without power. Due to the threat of landslides, 5,500 households were evacuated across the Amami Islands on August 27.[113] Although a strong storm when it passed over Okinawa, damage was less than initially feared. Five people were injured across the island and 549 sought refuge in public shelters.[114]

Other storms

On January 1, the JMA were warning on a weak tropical depression that was located about 75 km (45 mi)* to the northwest of Kuala Terengganu in Malaysia.[115] During that day, the depression moved north-eastwards slowly, before it was last noted by the JMA later that day.[116][117] On January 13, the JMA started monitoring a tropical depression that was located within an area of moderate to strong vertical windshear about 625 km (390 mi)* to the east of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.[118][119] During that day the depression remained near stationary, before the JMA issued their final advisory on the system during the next day as the system dissipated.[120][121][122]

On August 5, the Central Pacific Hurricane Center started to monitor a TUTT cell that had developed into a subtropical low, while located about 250 mi (400 km)* to the southeast of Midway Atoll.[123][124] Over the next few days the low moved westwards towards the Western Pacific, before it moved into the basin during August 7. As it continued to move towards the west the JMA reported on August 9, that the low had developed into a tropical depression.[125] The system re-entered the Central Pacific Ocean early on August 11.[126] On August 23, a cold-core low transitioned into a tropical disturbance south-southwest of Jeju, South Korea, and the JMA also mentioned the system as a tropical depression.[127] It dissipated in North Korea on August 25.

Storm names

Within the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies who assign names to tropical cyclones which often results in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency names tropical cyclones should they be judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h, (40 mph), to the north of the equator between the 180° and 100°E. Whilst the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N-25°N even if the cyclone has had a name assigned to it by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Unused names are marked in gray.

International names

See also: Lists of tropical cyclone names and Tropical cyclone naming

Tropical Cyclones are named from the following lists by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in Tokyo, Japan, once they reach tropical storm strength.[128] Names are contributed by members of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. Each of the 14 nations or territories submitted 10 names, which are used in alphabetical order, by the English name of the country.[129] The next 24 names on the naming list are listed here.

  • Pakhar (1201)
  • Sanvu (1202)
  • Mawar (1203)
  • Guchol (1204)
  • Talim (1205)
  • Doksuri (1206)
  • Khanun (1207)
  • Vicente (1208)
  • Saola (1209)
  • Damrey (1210)
  • Haikui (1211)
  • Kirogi (1212)
  • Kai-tak (1213)
  • Tembin (1214) (active)
  • Bolaven (1215) (active)
  • Sanba (unused)
  • Jelawat (unused)
  • Ewiniar (unused)
  • Maliksi (unused)
  • Gaemi (unused)
  • Prapiroon (unused)
  • Maria (unused)
  • Son Tinh (unused)
  • Bopha (unused)

Philippines

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 10 of which are published each year before the season starts. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2016 season. This is the same list used in the 2008 season except for Carina and Ferdie, which replaced Cosme and Frank which were retired. Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.[130]

  • Ambo (1203)
  • Butchoy (1204)
  • Carina (1205)
  • Dindo (1206)
  • Enteng (1207)
  • Ferdie (1208)
  • Gener (1209)
  • Helen (1213)
  • Igme (1214) (active)
  • Julian (1215)
  • Karen (unused)
  • Lawin (unused)
  • Marce (unused)
  • Nina (unused)
  • Ofel (unused)
  • Pablo (unused)
  • Quinta (unused)
  • Rolly (unused)
  • Siony (unused)
  • Tonyo (unused)
  • Ulysses (unused)
  • Vicky (unused)
  • Warren (unused)
  • Yoyong (unused)
  • Zosimo (unused)

Auxiliary list

  • Alakdan (unused)
  • Baldo (unused)
  • Clara (unused)
  • Dencio (unused)
  • Estong (unused)
  • Felipe (unused)
  • Gardo (unused)
  • Heling (unused)
  • Ismael (unused)
  • Julio (unused)

Season effects

This table lists all the storms that developed in the western Pacific Ocean to the west of the International Date Line during the 2012 season. It includes their intensity, duration, name, areas affected deaths, and damages. All damage figures are in 2012 USD. Damages and deaths from a storm include when the storm was a precursor wave, or an extratropical low.

Storm Name Dates active Storm category
at peak intensity		 Peak 10-min
sustained winds		 Pressure Areas affected Damage
(USD)		 Deaths References
Tropical depression January 1 Tropical depression Not specified 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) Malaysia None None
Tropical depression January 13 – 14 Tropical depression Not specified 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) Malaysia None None
01W February 17 – 21 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) Philippines $1 million 2 [1]
Pakhar March 26 – April 2 Tropical storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia Unknown 9 [2][4][5]
Tropical depression April 8 – 11 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) None None None
Tropical depression April 28 – 30 Tropical depression Not specified 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) Palau, Philippines None None
Sanvu May 20 – 27 Severe tropical storm 110 km/h (70 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Guam, Northern Marina Islands, Japan $20,000 None [8]
Mawar (Ambo) May 31 – June 6 Typhoon 140 km/h (85 mph) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Philippines, Japan Unknown 3 [12]
Guchol (Butchoy) June 10 – 20 Typhoon 185 km/h (115 mph) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) Federated States of Micronesia, Philippines, Japan $100 million 3 [13][14]
Talim (Carina) June 16 – 21 Severe tropical storm 95 km/h (60 mph) 985 hPa (29 inHg) Hong Kong, Macau, China, Taiwan $24.9 million 1 [131][132]
Doksuri (Dindo) June 25 – 30 Tropical storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, China $418,000 None [133]
Tropical depression June 30 – July 1 Tropical depression Not specified 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) Philippines None 2
Khanun (Enteng) July 14 – 19 Severe tropical storm 95 km/h (60 mph) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Japan, South Korea, North Korea $11.4 million 89 [31]
Vicente (Ferdie) July 18 – 25 Typhoon 150 km/h (90 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau, China, Vietnam, Laos, Burma $63 million 15
Saola (Gener) July 26 – August 4 Typhoon 130 km/h (80 mph) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, China $161 million 82 [134][135][136]
Damrey July 27 – August 4 Typhoon 130 km/h (80 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Japan, South Korea, China $636 million 14 [137][138]
Haikui August 1 – 10 Typhoon 120 km/h (75 mph) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Japan, Philippines, China $2.09 billion 105 [139][140][141]
Kirogi August 3 – 10 Severe tropical storm 95 km/h (60 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Japan, Russia None None
Tropical depression August 9 – 11 Tropical depression Not specified 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) None None None
Kai-tak (Helen) August 12 – 18 Typhoon 120 km/h (75 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Philippines, China, Vietnam, Laos $262 million 40 [142][143][144]
Tembin (Igme) August 17 – Currently active Typhoon 165 km/h (105 mph) 945 hPa (28 inHg) Philippines, Japan, Taiwan, China None 1 [145]
Bolaven (Julian) August 19 – Currently active Typhoon 185 km/h (115 mph) 910 hPa (27 inHg) Japan, China, South Korea None None
Tropical depression August 23 – 25 Tropical depression Not specified 1008 hPa (30 inHg) South Korea, North Korea None None
Season Aggregates
Total Depressions: 23 January 13 – Currently active 185 km/h (115 mph) 910 hPa (27 inHg) $3.35 billion 366

See also

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