Subfornical organ
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| Subfornical organ | |
|---|---|
 Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane. (Subfornical organ not labeled, but fornix and foramen of Monro are both labeled near the center.) | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | organum subfornicale |
| MeSH | D013356 |
| NeuroLex ID | nlx_anat_100314 |
| TA98 | A14.1.08.412 A14.1.09.449 |
| TA2 | 5782 |
| FMA | 75260 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
The subfornical organ (SFO), situated on the ventral surface of the fornix, at the interventricular foramina (foramina of Monro), is one of the circumventricular organs of the brain.
Relations with other circumventricular organs
Other circumventricular organs are the area postrema in the brainstem and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT).
The OVLT and the SFO are both strongly interconnected with the nucleus medianus, and together these three structures comprise the so called "AV3V" region - the region anterior and ventral to the third ventricle. The AV3V region is very important in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance, by controlling thirst, sodium excretion, blood volume regulation, and vasopressin secretion.
The SFO is outside the blood–brain barrier, and so neurons in this region can respond to factors that are present in the systemic circulation.
Connections
The SFO connects to the medial preoptic area, lateral preoptic area, AV3V region, and zona incerta.
Receptors
Some neurons in the SFO are osmoreceptors, being sensitive to the osmotic pressure of the blood. These neurons project to the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus to regulate the activity of vasopressin-secreting neurons. These neurons also project to the nucleus medianus (also called the median preoptic nucleus) which is involved in controlling thirst. Thus, The subfornical organ is involved in fluid balance.
In addition, neurons in the SFO have receptors for many hormones that circulate in the blood but which do not cross the blood–brain barrier, including angiotensin[1], atrial natriuretic peptide, endothelin and relaxin.
References
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