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Blackberry Torch 9860

BlackBerry is a brand of wireless handheld devices and services developed by Research In Motion (RIM).[1] The first BlackBerry device, an email pager, was released in 1999.[2]

Most BlackBerry devices are smartphones and are primarily known for their ability to send and receive push email and instant messages while maintaining a high level of security through on-device message encryption. They are also designed to function as personal digital assistants, portable media players, internet browsers, gaming devices, cameras and more. BlackBerry devices support a large variety of instant messaging features, with the most popular being the proprietary BlackBerry Messenger service. The BlackBerry PlayBook is a tablet computer offered by RIM.

BlackBerry accounts for 3% of mobile device sales worldwide in 2011, making its manufacturer RIM the sixth most popular device maker (25% of mobile device sales are smartphones).[3] The consumer BlackBerry Internet Service is available in 91 countries worldwide on over 500 mobile service operators using various mobile technologies.[4] As of September 2012, there were eighty million subscribers worldwide to BlackBerry.[5][6] In 2011 the Caribbean and Latin America, had the highest penetrations of BlackBerry smartphones worldwide – with up to about 45 per cent in the region having a RIM device.[7]

History

The first BlackBerry device, the 850, was introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager in Munich, Germany. The name BlackBerry was coined by the marketing company Lexicon Branding.

In 2003, the more commonly known smartphone BlackBerry was released, which supports push email, mobile telephone, text messaging, Internet faxing, Web browsing and other wireless information services. It is an example of a convergent device. The original BlackBerry devices, the RIM 850 and 857, used the DataTac network.

BlackBerry first made headway in the marketplace by concentrating on email. RIM currently offers BlackBerry email service to non-BlackBerry devices, such as the Palm Treo, through its BlackBerry Connect software.

The original BlackBerry device had a monochrome display, but all current models have color displays. All models, except for the Storm series and the all-touch Torch 9850/9860 have a built-in QWERTY keyboard, optimized for "thumbing", the use of only the thumbs to type. The Storm 1 and Storm 2 include a SureType keypad for typing. Originally, system navigation was achieved with the use of a scroll wheel mounted on the right side of phones prior to the 8700. The trackwheel was replaced by the trackball with the introduction of the Pearl series which allowed for 4 way scrolling. The trackball was replaced by the optical trackpad with the introduction of the Curve 8500 series. Models made to use iDEN networks such as Nextel and Mike also incorporate a push-to-talk (PTT) feature, similar to a two-way radio.

Operating system

Main article: BlackBerry OS

The operating system used by BlackBerry devices is a proprietary multitasking environment developed by RIM. The operating system is designed for use of input devices such as the track wheel, track ball, and track pad. The OS provides support for Java MIDP 1.0 and WAP 1.2. Previous versions allowed wireless synchronization with Microsoft Exchange Server email and calendar, as well as with Lotus Domino email. OS 5.0 provides a subset of MIDP 2.0, and allows complete wireless activation and synchronization with Exchange email, calendar, tasks, notes and contacts, and adds support for Novell GroupWise and Lotus Notes. The BlackBerry Curve 9360, BlackBerry Torch 9810, Bold 9900/9930, Curve 9310/9320 and Torch 9850/9860 feature the most recent BlackBerry OS 7 (as of July 2012).

Third-party developers can write software using these APIs, and proprietary BlackBerry APIs as well. Any application that makes use of certain restricted functionality must be digitally signed so that it can be associated to a developer account at RIM. This signing procedure guarantees the authorship of an application but does not guarantee the quality or security of the code. RIM provides tools for developing applications and themes for BlackBerry. Applications and themes can be loaded onto BlackBerry devices through BlackBerry App World, Over The Air (OTA) through the BlackBerry mobile browser, or through BlackBerry Desktop Manager.

BlackBerry 10

Main article: BlackBerry 10

A new OS, BlackBerry 10, is slated for release on new BlackBerry models in the first quarter of 2013.[8] At BlackBerry World 2012, RIM CEO Thorsten Heins showed off a few new features of the upcoming OS, including a camera which is able to go back in time to ensure a perfect shot, an intelligent, predictive, and adapting keyboard, and a user interface designed around the idea of "flow".[9]

Supported software

Further information: BlackBerry App World

BlackBerry Messenger

BlackBerry devices use the proprietary BlackBerry Messenger, also known as BBM, software for sending and receiving encrypted instant messages, voice notes, images and videos via BlackBerry PIN. As long as your cell phone has a data plan these messages are all free of charge. Some of the features of BBM include groups, bar-code scanning, lists, shared calendars, BBM Music and integration with apps and games using the BBM social platform.

Third-party software

Third-party software available for use on BlackBerry devices includes full-featured database management systems, which can be used to support customer relationship management clients and other applications that must manage large volumes of potentially complex data.[10]

In March 2011, RIM announced an optional Android player that could play applications developed for the android system would be available for the BlackBerry PlayBook, RIM's first entry in the tablet market.[11][12][13]

On August 24, 2011 Bloomberg News reported unofficial rumors that BlackBerry devices would be able to run Android applications when RIM brings QNX and the Android App Player to BlackBerry.[14][15][16][17] On October 20, 2011 RIM officially announced that Android applications could run, unmodified, on the BlackBerry tablet and the newest BlackBerry phones, using the newest version of its operating system.[18][19]

Hardware

Modern GSM-based BlackBerry handhelds incorporate an ARM 7, 9 or 11 processor.[20] Some of the latest BlackBerry models (Torch 9850/9860, Torch 9810, and Bold 9900/9930) have a 1.2 GHz MSM8655 Snapdragon processor, 768 MB system memory, and 8 GB of on-board storage.[21][22] Entry-level models, such as the Curve 9360, feature a Marvell PXA940 clocked at 800 MHz.

Some previous BlackBerry devices, such as the Bold 9000, were equipped with XScale 624 MHz processors.[23] The Bold 9700 featured a newer version of the Bold 9000's processor but is clocked at the same speed. The Curve 8520 featured a 512 MHz processor, while BlackBerry 8000 series smartphones, such as the 8700 and the Pearl, are based on the 312 MHz ARM XScale ARMv5TE PXA900. An exception to this is the BlackBerry 8707 which is based on the 80 MHz Qualcomm 3250 chipset; this was due to the PXA900 chipset not supporting 3G networks. The 80 MHz processor in the BlackBerry 8707 meant the device was often slower to download and render web pages over 3G than the 8700 was over EDGE networks. Early BlackBerry devices, such as the BlackBerry 950, used Intel 80386-based processors.[24][25]

Models

A BlackBerry Pearl 8100
Original BlackBerry
Main article: List of BlackBerry products

BlackBerry 7 devices:

BlackBerry 6 devices:

BlackBerry 5 devices:

Blackberry 4 and earlier devices:

  • Early pager models: 850, 857, 950, 957
  • Monochrome Java-based series: 5000, 6000
  • First color series: 7200, 7500, 7700
  • First SureType phone series: 7100

Connectivity

BlackBerry Smartphones for use at a museum in Canada.

BlackBerry Enterprise Server

BlackBerry smartphones can be integrated into an organization's email system through a software package called BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES). Versions of BES are available for Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino and Novell GroupWise. Google has made a Connector for BES which makes BES available for Google Apps as well. While individual users may be able to use a wireless provider's email services without having to install BES themselves, organizations with multiple users usually run BES on their own network. Some third-party companies provide hosted BES solutions. Every BlackBerry has an ID called a BlackBerry PIN, which is used to identify the device to the BES. BlackBerry now provides a free BES software called BES Express (BESX).[26]

BES acts as an email relay for corporate accounts so that users always have access to their email. The software monitors the user's local Inbox, and when a new message comes in, it picks up the message and passes it to RIM's Network Operations Center (NOC). The messages are then relayed to the user's wireless provider, which in turn delivers them to the user's BlackBerry device.

This is called push email, because all new emails, contacts, task entries, memopad entries, and calendar entries are pushed out to the BlackBerry device automatically and instantaneously (as opposed to the user synchronizing the data manually or having the device poll the server at intervals). BlackBerry also supports polling email, through third party applications. The messaging system built in to the BlackBerry only understands how to receive messages from a BES or the BIS, these services handle the connections to the user's mail providers. Device storage also enables the mobile user to access all data off-line in areas without wireless service. When the user reconnects to wireless service, the BES sends the latest data.

An included feature in the newer models of the BlackBerry is the ability for it to quickly track your current location through trilateration without the use of GPS, thus saving battery life and time. Trilateration can be used as a quick, less battery intensive way to provide location-aware applications with the co-ordinates of the user. However, the accuracy of BlackBerry trilateration is less than that of GPS due to a number of factors, including cell tower blockage by large buildings, mountains, or distance.

BES also provides handhelds with TCP/IP connectivity accessed through a component called MDS (Mobile Data System) Connection Service.[27] This allows for custom application development using data streams on BlackBerry devices based on the Sun Microsystems Java ME platform.

In addition, BES provides network security, in the form of Triple DES[28] or, more recently, AES[29] encryption[30][31] of all data (both email and MDS traffic) that travels between the BlackBerry handheld and a BlackBerry Enterprise Server.

Most providers offer flat monthly pricing for unlimited data between BlackBerry units and BES. In addition to receiving email, organizations can make intranets or custom internal applications with unmetered traffic.

With more recent versions of the BlackBerry platform, the MDS is no longer a requirement for wireless data access. Starting with OS 3.8 or 4.0, BlackBerry handhelds can access the Internet (i.e. TCP/IP access) without an MDS – formerly only email and WAP access was possible without a BES/MDS. The BES/MDS is still required for secure email, data access, and applications that require WAP from carriers that do not allow WAP access.

BlackBerry Internet Service

The primary alternative to using BlackBerry Enterprise Server is to use the BlackBerry Internet Service (BIS). BlackBerry Internet Service is available in 91 countries internationally. BlackBerry Internet Service was developed primarily for the average consumer rather than for the business consumer. The service also allows users to access POP3, IMAP, and Outlook Web App (not via Exchange ActiveSync) email accounts without connecting through a BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES).[32] BlackBerry Internet Service allows up to 10 email accounts to be accessed, including proprietary as well as public email accounts (such as Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo and AOL). BlackBerry Internet Service also allows for the function of the push capabilities in various other BlackBerry Applications. Various applications developed by RIM for BlackBerry utilize the push capabilities of BIS, such as the Instant Messaging clients (like Google Talk, Windows Live Messenger and Yahoo Messenger). The MMS, PIN, interactive gaming, mapping and trading applications[which?] require data plans like BIS (not just Wi-Fi) for usage. The service is usually provisioned through a mobile phone service provider, though Research In Motion (RIM) (BlackBerry's developer) actually runs the service.[32]

At 2011-10-10 10:00 UTC there was an outage in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, affecting millions of users.[33] There was another outage just the next day.[34] By October 12, 2011, the Blackberry Internet Service went down in North America.[35] Research in Motion has been attributing data overload due to switch failures in their two data centres in Waterloo in Canada and Slough in England as the cause of the service disruptions.[35]

Phones with BlackBerry email client

Several non-BlackBerry mobile phones have been released featuring the BlackBerry email client which connects to BlackBerry servers. Many of these phones have full QWERTY keyboards

BlackBerry Store

Many BlackBerry retail stores operate outside North America, such as in Thailand, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates, and Mexico [36] [37] . In December 2007 a BlackBerry Store opened in Farmington Hills, Michigan. The store offers BlackBerry device models from AT&T, T-Mobile, Verizon, and Sprint, the major U.S. carriers which offer smartphones. There were three prior attempts at opening BlackBerry stores in Toronto and London (UK), [38] but they eventually folded.[39] There are also Blackberry Stores operated by Wireless Giant at airports in Atlanta, Boston, Charlotte, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Philadelphia, Houston, and Newark,[40] but several have been slated for closing [41]

BlackBerry PIN

BlackBerry PIN is an eight character hexadecimal identification number assigned to each BlackBerry device. PINs cannot be changed manually on the device (though BlackBerry technicians are able to reset or update a PIN server-side), and are locked to each specific BlackBerry. BlackBerry devices can message each other using the PIN directly or by using the BlackBerry Messenger application. BlackBerry PINs are tracked by BlackBerry Enterprise Servers and the BlackBerry Internet Service and are used to direct messages to a BlackBerry device. Emails and any other messages, such as those from the BlackBerry Push Service, are typically directed to a BlackBerry device's PIN. The message can then be routed by a RIM Network Operations Center, and sent to a carrier, which will deliver the message the last mile to the device. Example of a BlackBerry PIN:20F381AC.

RIM patent infringement litigation

In 2000 NTP sent notice of its wireless email patents to a number of companies and offered to license the patents to them. NTP brought a patent-infringement lawsuit against one of the companies, Research In Motion, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. This court is well known for its strict adherence to timetables and deadlines, sometimes referred to as the "rocket docket", and is particularly efficient at trying patent cases.[42]

The jury eventually found that the NTP patents were valid, that RIM had infringed them, that the infringement had been "willful," and that the infringement had cost NTP $33 million in damages (the greater of a reasonable royalty or lost profits). The judge, James R. Spencer, increased the damages to $53 million as a punitive measure because the infringement had been willful. He also instructed RIM to pay NTP's legal fees of $4.5 million and issued an injunction ordering RIM to cease and desist infringing the patents. This would have shut down the BlackBerry systems in the US.[43] RIM appealed all of the findings of the court. The injunction and other remedies were stayed pending the outcome of the appeals.

In March 2005 during the appeals process, RIM and NTP tried to negotiate a settlement of their dispute; the settlement was to be for $450 million. Negotiations broke down due to other issues. On June 10, 2005, the matter returned to the courts. In early November 2005 the US Department of Justice filed a brief requesting that RIM's service be allowed to continue because of the large number of BlackBerry users in the US Federal Government.[44]

In January 2006 the US Supreme Court refused to hear RIM's appeal of the holding of liability for patent infringement, and the matter was returned to a lower court. The prior granted injunction preventing all RIM sales in the US and use of the BlackBerry device might have been enforced by the presiding district court judge had the two parties been unable to reach a settlement.

On February 9, 2006, the US Department of Defense (DOD) filed a brief stating that an injunction shutting down the BlackBerry service while excluding government users was unworkable. The DOD also stated that the BlackBerry was crucial for national security given the large number of government users.

On February 9, 2006, RIM announced that it had developed software workarounds that would not infringe the NTP patents, and would implement those if the injunction was enforced.

On March 3, 2006, after a stern warning from Judge Spencer, RIM and NTP announced that they had settled their dispute. Under the terms of the settlement, RIM has agreed to pay NTP $612.5 million (USD) in a “full and final settlement of all claims.” In a statement, RIM said that “all terms of the agreement have been finalized and the litigation against RIM has been dismissed by a court order this afternoon. The agreement eliminates the need for any further court proceedings or decisions relating to damages or injunctive relief.” The settlement amount is believed low by some analysts, because of the absence of any future royalties on the technology in question.[45]

Certification

A first generation BlackBerry Bold
  • BCESA (BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Sales Associate, BCESA40 in full) is a BlackBerry Certification for professional users of RIM (Research In Motion) BlackBerry wireless email devices.

The Certification requires the user to pass several exams relating to the BlackBerry Device, all its functions including Desktop software and providing technical support to Customers of BlackBerry Devices.

The BCESA, BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Sales Associate qualification, is the first of three levels of professional BlackBerry Certification.

  • BCTA (BlackBerry Certified Technical Associate)
  • BlackBerry Certified Support Associate T2

More information on certifications is on the Blackberry.com website.[46]

The BlackBerry Technical Certifications available are:

  • BlackBerry Certified Enterprise Server Consultant (BCESC)
  • BlackBerry Certified Server Support Technician (BCSST)
  • BlackBerry Certified Support Technician (BCST)

Use

President Obama with his holstered BlackBerry on a flight to Caen, Normandy, France, 2009.

The advanced encryption capabilities of the BlackBerry Smartphone make it eligible for use by government agencies and state forces alike.

President Barack Obama's use

The President of the United States, Barack Obama, became known for his dependence on a BlackBerry device for communication during his 2008 presidential campaign. Despite the security issues, he insisted on using it even after inauguration,[47] becoming the first President of the United States to use mobile email.[48] This was seen by some as akin to a "celebrity endorsement," which marketing experts have estimated to be worth between $25 and $50 million.[49]

Use by government forces

An example is the West Yorkshire Police, which has allowed the increase in the presence of police officers along the streets and a reduction in public spending, given that each officer could perform the work desk directly via the mobile device,[50] as well as in several other areas and situations.[51] The US Federal Government and Department of Defense are also prominent examples of BlackBerry device users, the latter agency even stating that the BlackBerry smartphone is "essential for national security"[citation needed] because of the large number of BlackBerry users in the government. The high encryption standard of BlackBerry smartphones and the PlayBook tablet allow them to be the only consumer handheld devices certified for use by US Government agencies.

Organized crime use

The Italian criminal group known as the 'Ndrangheta was reported on February 2009 to have communicated overseas with the Gulf Cartel, a Mexican drug cartel, through the use of the BlackBerry, since the texts are "normally difficult to intercept".[52]

Use by Bangalore traffic police

Traffic police in the Southern Indian city of Bangalore have begun using Blackberry devices to print e-receipt or e-challan for traffic offenses. They are also used to upload the details of booked cases and to retrieve auto and driver license information.[53]

Competition

The primary competitors of the BlackBerry are smartphones running Android, the Apple iPhone and Windows Phone. BlackBerry has struggled to compete against Android and Apple and its market share has plunged in recent years, leading to speculation that it will be unable to survive as an independent business.[54] However, it has managed to maintain significant positions in some markets.[55]

Despite market share loss, on a global basis, the number of active BlackBerry users has increased substantially between 2007 and 2012. For example, for the fiscal period during which the Apple iPhone was first released, RIM reported that they had a user base of 10.5 million BlackBerry subscribers.[56] At the end of 2008, when Google Android first hit the market, RIM reported that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had increased to 21 million.[57] Likewise, in the fiscal period where phones running Microsoft's Windows Phone 7 hit the market, RIM announced that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had reached 55 million.[58] Finally, in the quarter ended June 28, 2012, RIM announced that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had reached 78 million globally.[59]

Nicknames

BlackBerry is widely referred to as "CrackBerry" in the United States, which alludes to its excessive use by its owners and is a reference to the addictiveness of crack cocaine. Use of the term CrackBerry became so widespread that in November 2006 Webster's New World College Dictionary named "crackberry" the "New Word of the Year."[60]

Criticism

In October 2011, BlackBerry users could not connect to the BlackBerry servers due to a major service failure. The services were interrupted for 4 days[61] in many parts of the world. RIM had announced that it would give all its users free apps worth $100 (£63) in an attempt to express apology for its service disruption.[62]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to BlackBerry smartphones.

Notes

  1. ^ "RIM Company – Learn about Research in Motion". RIM. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  2. ^ Davis, Jim (January 20, 1999 @ 12:25 PM PST). "Short Take: BlackBerry wireless email device debuts". CNet. Retrieved 23 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |pmd= and |transt _title= (help)
  3. ^ "Gartner Says Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales Grew 35 Percent in Third Quarter 2010; Smartphone Sales Increased 96 Percent". Gartner. August 11, 2011.
  4. ^ "BlackBerry". BlackBerry. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
  5. ^ Warman, Matt (27 September 2012). "BlackBerry tells developers: 'we are fighting'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
  6. ^ Colapinto, John (3 October 2011). "Famous Names". The New Yorker. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
  7. ^ M., M. (November 3, 2011). "BlackBerry 'leading' the smartphone charge". Nation Newspaper. Retrieved December 16, 2011. "In the Caribbean, we actually have the highest penetrations of BlackBerry Messenger worldwide – up to about 90 per cent. So every nine persons who buy a BlackBerry with a data plan is using BlackBerry Messenger," said Friar. She further told the Daily Nation: "I can say that BlackBerry in Latin America and the Caribbean holds the number one smartphone position with market share of over 45 per cent, based on industry stance." {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |pmd= and |trans_title= (help); line feed character in |quote= at position 226 (help)
  8. ^ "RIM delays Blackberry 10 launch and cuts 5,000 jobs". BBC. 28 June 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  9. ^ "Thorsten Heins in the BlackBerry World 2012 Keynote General Session". BlackBerry on Youtube. 1 May 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  10. ^ Maximizer Software Partners with McObject to Improve Mobile CRM on BlackBerry Devices, BlackBerry News Desk, Sys-Con Publishing, June 19, 2008.
  11. ^ Darryl Murphy (2011-03-24). "RIM adds Android app support to BlackBerry PlayBook via 'optional app player'". engadget. Retrieved 2011-10-21. You read that right – RIM just announced that its forthcoming BlackBerry PlayBook will support both BlackBerry Java and Android apps. mirror
  12. ^ Kevin Michaluk (2011-03-24). "Press Release: RIM Expands Application Ecosystem for BlackBerry PlayBook – Android Apps on Playbook!!!". Crackberry. Retrieved 2011-10-21. Android apps won't come from Android Marketplace itself, but rather Android developers will simply have to repackage, code sign and submit their BlackBerry Java and Android apps to BlackBerry App World from where users will be able to download the apps.
  13. ^ "Repackage your apps for blackberry playbook". mirror
  14. ^ Hugo Miller, Olga Kharif (2011-08-24). "BlackBerrys Said to Get Android Apps as RIM Seeks Sales Boost". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2011-10-21. Research In Motion Ltd. (RIM), seeking to boost the appeal of its BlackBerrys and revive slowing sales, plans to enable models expected next year to run applications built for Google Inc. (GOOG)'s Android operating system, three people familiar with the plan said. mirror
  15. ^ Steve Kovach (2011-08-24). "BlackBerry Phones Will Get Android Apps – Bloomberg". Business Reader. Retrieved 2011-10-21. RIM will add access to Android apps on BlackBerry phones that run its new QNX operating system, Bloomberg reports. mirror
  16. ^ "RIM's newer phones to get Android apps". Reuters. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-10-21. The Canadian company plans to have the Android player already in the QNX-running phones when they go on sale rather than available as an upgrade, the report said. mirror
  17. ^ "Android Apps for BlackBerrys May Be Lackluster". PC World. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-10-21. We're still waiting for Research in Motion to allow Android apps to run on its BlackBerry PlayBook tablet, as promised last March, but a new report says these apps will eventually run on future BlackBerry phones as well. mirror
  18. ^ "BBX, BlackBerry's latest purported saviour". Daily Maverick. 2011-10-21. Retrieved 2011-10-21. Rui Brites, the director for product management in Africa told iMaverick that the new BBX system was RIM's way of securing its future. "With BBX, we've opened up in a big way," he said. "We have over 400,000 developers worldwide and have now developed tools for Android developers to submit their apps to the BlackBerry App World without needing to recode."
  19. ^ "BlackBerry maker's area developer unit to fill gap". Zimbabwe Telegraph. 2011-10-21. Retrieved 2011-10-21. The company introduced its BlackBerry BBX operating system on Tuesday, combining features from the existing BlackBerry platform and the QNX software it bought last year. The system, which doesn't have a release date, includes new programming tools like HTML5 designed to make building apps easier. mirror
  20. ^ "BlackBerry – Manuals and Guides". blackberry.com. January 24, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
  21. ^ "BlackBerry – Manuals and Guides". BlackBerry.com. January 24, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
  22. ^ Fjallfoss.fcc.gov
  23. ^ Gardner, W. David (May 12, 2008). "RIM Gets 'Bold' With 3G BlackBerry 9000". InformationWeek. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  24. ^ RIM Circa 1999: BlackBerry History Revisited, BlackBerry Cool, 13 July 2005.
  25. ^ http://the-gadgeteer.com/2001/02/26/rim_blackberry_950_review/
  26. ^ BlackBerry Enterprise Server Express
  27. ^ "BlackBerry MDS Connection Service". Research In Motion (RIM). Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  28. ^ How the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution uses Triple DES to encrypt data
  29. ^ How the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution uses AES to encrypt data
  30. ^ Encrypting data that the BlackBerry Enterprise Server and a BlackBerry device send to each other
  31. ^ Algorithms that the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution uses to encrypt data
  32. ^ a b "Email setup and integration". Research In Motion.
  33. ^ BlackBerry services collapse – Telegraph
  34. ^ RIM explains BlackBerry downtime as outage spreads | Business of IT | ZDNet UK
  35. ^ a b Browning, Jonathan (2011-10-12). "RIM in 'Race Against Clock' as BlackBerry Disruption Spreads". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
  36. ^ Kerr, Dara (12 April 2012). "RIM plans to open its first Middle East retail store in Dubai". Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  37. ^ Jakarta Globe http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/first-of-many-blackberry-stores-opens-in-jakarta/478964. Retrieved 16 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  38. ^ Mildenberg, David (April 20, 2005). "Nexcom opens first U.S. BlackBerry store in Charlotte".
  39. ^ The inside scoop on the new BlackBerry Store | BB Geeks
  40. ^ RIM. "Enjoy a unique BlackBerry experience at the BlackBerry from Wireless Giant store". Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  41. ^ CBC. "RIM closes Boston retail store". CBC. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  42. ^ NTP Inc. v. Research in Motion
  43. ^ Barrie McKenna, Paul Waldie and Simon Avery, Globe and Mail, February 21, 2006, "Patently Absurd: The inside story of RIM's wireless war theglobeandmail.com
  44. ^ Noguchi, Yuki, "Government Enters Fray Over BlackBerry Patents. Agencies Depend on Devices, Lawyers Say", Washington Post, November 12, 2005, Page D01
  45. ^ Settlement reached in BlackBerry patent case – MSNBC.com
  46. ^ BlackBerry Training, Blackberry.com website
  47. ^ (AFP) – Jan 22, 2009 (January 22, 2009). "AFP: Obama wins first battle – to keep BlackBerry". Google.com. Retrieved December 3, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  48. ^ "Tech savy Obama to use BlackBerry as president". Indianexpress.com. January 22, 2009. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
  49. ^ Clifford, Stephanie (January 9, 2009). "For BlackBerry, Obama's Devotion Is Priceless". The New York Times.
  50. ^ West Yorkshire Police Increase Visibility and Productivity with BlackBerry
  51. ^ BlackBerry Customer Success
  52. ^ "Narco-mafia se comunican por Blackberry". CNN Expansion. 19 February 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  53. ^ http://www.bangaloretrafficpolice.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&btp=48. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  54. ^ "BlackBerry market share slides again amid takeover talk". 2012-01-30. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
  55. ^ ["http://www.thestar.com/news/article/1120466" "Why the Canadian love affair with BlackBerry isn't over yet"]. 2012-01-24. Retrieved 2012-02-09. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  56. ^ ["http://www.rim.com/investors/documents/pdf/financial/2008/Q2_financial_information.pdf "Research in Motion Reports Second Quarter Results"] (PDF). 2007-10-4. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  57. ^ ["http://www.rim.com/investors/documents/pdf/financial/2009/Q3_financial_information.pdf "Research in Motion Reports Third Quarter Results"] (PDF). 2008-12-18. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  58. ^ ["http://www.rim.com/investors/documents/pdf/financial/2011/Q3_financial_information.pdf "Research in Motion Reports Third Quarter Results"] (PDF). 2010-12-16. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  59. ^ ["http://press.rim.com/content/dam/rim/press/PDF/Financial/FY2013/Q1_FY2013_Press_Release.pdf "Research in Motion Reports First Quarter Results"] (PDF). 2012-6-28. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  60. ^ "Webster's New World(R) College Dictionary: Info Addicts Are All Thumbs" PRNewswire Nov. 1, 2006. Retrieved February 4, 2009.
  61. ^ "RIM faces compensation lawsuits over Blackberry outage". BBC. 2011-10-27.
  62. ^ "Blackberry Offers Free Apps. No News from Indian operators". Gadgetronica.

References

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