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List of Howard University people

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This list of Howard University people, sometimes known as Howardites, includes faculty, staff, graduates, non-graduate former students and current students of the American Howard University, a private, coeducational, nonsectarian historically black university,[1] located in Washington, D.C.[2]



Academics

Science, medicine and mathematics

Patricia Bath
Alexander H. Darnes
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Patricia Bath, M.D. ophthalmologist; first African-American woman doctor to receive a patent for a medical invention
David Blackwell, Ph.D. first African American elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences
Beth A. Brown, Ph.D. 1991 NASA astrophysicist; first African-American woman to earn a doctoral degree from the University of Michigan's Department of Astronomy [3]
Alexander Darnes, M.D. 1880 born into slavery; owned by Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith; second African-American physician in Florida, first African-American physician in Jacksonville, Florida
Cheick Modibo Diarra astrophysicist; former director of education and public outreach, NASA's Mars Exploration Program;[4] former chairman, Microsoft Africa[5] former acting Malian prime minister (2012)[6]
Lena Franes Edwards, M.D. physician (obstetrics and gynecology) and humanitarian; received U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom (1964)
E. Franklin Frazier sociologist
Ira Andrew Harden 2002 chemistry and physics teacher; first African-American selected as educator, NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy – Airborne Astronomy Ambassadors Program
Louis Eugene King, Ph.D. c. 1920 anthropologist; first to study African-American communities in the United States

Historians

Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Camille Akeju art historian and museum administrator [7]
Louise Daniel Hutchinson historian [8]
Rosalyn Terborg-Penn historian [9]

University administrators

Charlene Drew Jarvis
Kelly Miller (scientist)
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Delbert Baker, Ph.D. president, Oakwood College
John T. Baker first African-American dean, Albany Law School
Kenneth Clark educator and psychologist; conducted the "doll research" for the Brown vs. Board of Education case
Antoine M. Garibaldi, Ph.D. first African-American president, Gannon University; former dean, Xavier University of Louisiana College of Arts and Sciences
Edison O. Jackson president, Medgar Evers College
Weldon Jackson provost and executive vice president, Manhattan College
Charlene Drew Jarvis, Ph.D. president, Southeastern University; daughter of Dr. Charles Drew
Dr. Heather Knight 21st president, Pacific Union College
Walter J. Leonard former president, Fisk University; former assistant dean, Howard University School of Law and Harvard Law School; executive director, Cities in Schools
Beverly D. Malloy executive vice president, Barber-Scotia College
Marion Mann 1954 former dean, Howard University College of Medicine (1970–1979)
Kelly Miller 1886 mathematician, scientist, sociologist; first African American admitted to Johns Hopkins University; dean, Howard University College of Arts and Sciences (1907–1919); established sociology department at Howard University [10]
R. Charles Moyer dean emeritus, Babcock Graduate School of Management, Wake Forest University, fifth permanent dean, University of Louisville College of Business and Public Administration
Dr. Njeri Nuru-Holm vice-president, Office of Diversity, Cleveland State University
Irvin Reid, Ph.D. president, Wayne State University
Harry G. Robinson III 1966, 1970 dean, Howard University School of Architecture and Design; chairman, United States Commission of Fine Arts [11]
H. Patrick Swygert president, Howard University
Dr. Thelma Barnaby Thompson 12th president, University of Maryland Eastern Shore

Business

Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Ben Ali co-founder and owner of Ben's Chili Bowl, a landmark restaurant in Washington, D.C.
H. Naylor Fitzhugh one of the first African-American graduates of Harvard Business School; credited with creating the concept of target marketing
Vernon Jordan attorney; senior managing director; Lazard Freres & Co. LLC; former president, National Urban League
Oliver McIntosh president and chief executive officer, International Media Content, the largest sports rights company in the Caribbean
Dumarsais Simeus owner, Simeus Foods, International
Lillian Lincoln Lambert founder, former president and chief executive officer, Centennial One, Inc.; first African-American woman to earn an MBA at Harvard Business School
Malaak Compton-Rock founder, The Angelrock Project; incorporater of styleWORKS organization; creator and manager of Champions for Children Committee; wife of comedian Chris Rock; highlighted for her work in the lives of African-Americans on CNN's Black in America II

Politics and public service

Civil rights, law and government

Edward Brooke
Mary Ann Shadd Cary
Elijah Cummings
David Dinkins
Mike Espy
Adrian Fenty
Harold Ford, Sr.
Thurgood Marshall
Gregory W. Meeks
Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.
L. Douglas Wilder
Walter Washington
Andrew Young
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Aris T. Allen former member Maryland State Senate, first African-American to run for Lt. Governor of Maryland
Boce W. Barlow, Jr. first African-American to be elected to the Connecticut State Senate
William V. Bell mayor of Durham, North Carolina
Adolphus A. Birch first African-American to serve as Chief Justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court
Aisha N. Braveboy member, Maryland House of Delegates
Percival Broderick Deputy Prime Minister of Jamaica
Edward Brooke first African-American elected to the United States Senate
Gayleatha Brown Ambassador to Benin
Hon. Ewart Brown (1968, School of Medicine 1972) Premier and Minister of Tourism and Transport of Bermuda
Arthur L. Burnett, Sr. Senior Judge currently Judge Superior Court of the District of Columbia
Roland Burris United States Senator, former State Attorney General and Comptroller, Illinois
Robert L. Carter (School of Law) civil rights advocate and judge of the United States District Court
Walter Percival Carter civil rights advocate
Mary Ann Shadd Cary first black woman to cast a vote in a national election
Elijah Cummings United States Congress
David Dinkins first African-American mayor of New York City
Herbert B. Dixon, Jr. judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia
George W. Draper III first African-American Chief Judge for the Missouri Court of Appeals Eastern District, first African-American male to be appointed a judge in St. Louis
Mike Espy first African-American United States Secretary of Agriculture
Melvin Evans former Governor of the United States Virgin Islands, former Delegate from the United States Virgin Islands to the United States House of Representatives
Nathaniel Exum member, Maryland State Senate
James L. Farmer civil rights activist, founder and first leader of Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Adrian Fenty (School of Law) former mayor of Washington, D.C.
Wilkie D. Ferguson (School of Law) judge who served on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, the Florida Third District Court of Appeal as well as the 11th Judicial Circuit Court of Florida.
Harold Ford, Sr. former United States Representative from Tennessee
Shirley Franklin first female and current mayor of Atlanta, Georgia
Darrin P. Gayles Judge, Miami-Dade County Court
Emma Gillett co-founder of the first law school in the world founded by women; first woman to be appointed notary public by the President of the United States
John R. Hargrove, Sr. Judge, United States District Court Maryland
Oliver Harper Minister of Health, Guyana
Kamala Harris Attorney General of California
Patricia Roberts Harris United States Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, United States Ambassador
William Henry Harrison Hart Attorney who won the Hart v. State of Maryland case in 1905
Joseph W. Hatchett former Florida Supreme Court judge; first African American in the south to win a statewide election
Earl F. Hilliard United States Congress
Dr. James W. Holley, III, D.D.S. mayor, Portsmouth, Virginia
Benjamin Hooks former executive director of the NAACP
Lonna Hooks Secretary of State of New Jersey (1994–1998) [12]
Hutchins F. Inge (School of Medicine) first African-American to serve in the New Jersey Senate [13]
Hon. Louise A. Jackson 1952 Member of Parliament and Shadow Minister for Health and Seniors Bermuda (2003-2012); founder of Bermuda's first school of dance, Jackson School of the Performing Arts; author, The Bermuda Gombey: Bermuda's Unique Dance Heritage Gombey
His Excellency
Cheddi Jagan
President, Guyana
Jack B. Johnson former County Executive, Prince George's County, Maryland
William A. Johnson, Jr. mayor, Rochester, New York
Elaine R. Jones former president and director-counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.
Hon.John Junor Minister of Health, Jamaica
Sharon Pratt Kelly first African-American female mayor of a major city, Washington, D.C.
Hon. Keith Knight Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Jamaica
Peta Lindsay anti-war activist and candidate for U.S. president with the Party for Socialism and Liberation
Thurgood Marshall (School of Law) first African-American United States Supreme Court justice
Rudolph C. McCollum former mayor, Richmond, Virginia
Gabrielle McDonald judge Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, The Hague, Netherlands
Enolia McMillan first female national president of the NAACP
Gregory W. Meeks Representative for New York's sixth congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives
Vicki Miles-LaGrange District Judge, Western district of Oklahoma, first African-American woman U.S. attorney for the Western District of Oklahoma, first African-American woman elected to the Oklahoma Senate.
Dr. Rt. Hon. Keith Mitchell Ph.D. Prime Minister of Grenada
Thomas R. Monroe first African-American judge in Arlington County, VA.
Brandon T. Neal national director of the NAACP Youth and College Division. Finance Director, African-American Affairs for Obama for America Presidential Campaign.
James E. O'Hara member, United States House of Representatives (1883 to 1887) representing North Carolina.
Ronald Palmer Ambassador to Togo, Malaysia and Mauritius
Adam Clayton Powell IV Member of the New York State Assembly. Son of Civil Rights leader - Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.
Randy Primas 1971 First African American Mayor of Camden, New Jersey (1981-1990) [14]
Eugene Puryear Anti-war activist and candidate for Vice President of the United States with the Party for Socialism and Liberation
Hon. Peggy Quince the first African American woman on Florida Supreme Court
Charlotte E. Ray the first African American woman lawyer
Kasim Reed Mayor of Atlanta
Spottswood Robinson (School of Law) judge, United States Court of Appeals
J. Todd Rutherford South Carolina State Representative
Roy Schneider Governor United States Virgin Islands
His Excellency Sir
Arleigh Winston Scott
first native Governor-General of Barbados
Malik Zulu Shabazz Attorney and the National Chairman of the New Black Panther Party
Thomas S. Smith former mayor of Asbury Park, New Jersey who served in the New Jersey General Assembly.[15]
James R. Spencer Chief Judge of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia
Craig S. Strong Michigan Third Circuit Court judge
Emmet G. Sullivan Judge of United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Kwame Ture activist, chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), born Stokely Carmichael
Dale Wainwright first African American ever elected to the Texas Supreme Court
Walter Washington first elected mayor of Washington, D.C.
L. Douglas Wilder (School of Law) first elected African-American United States governor, current Mayor of Richmond, Virginia
Harris Wofford United States Senator representing Pennsylvania (1991-95)
Albert Wynn first African-American elected to the United States Congress from Prince George's County and Montgomery County in Maryland
Andrew Young first African-American United Nations Ambassador and former mayor of Atlanta, Georgia
Gerard Robinson former Secretary of Education for the Commonwealth of Virginia
Bali White United States Researcher and human rights activist

Military service

Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. Brigadier General, first African-American general in the U.S. Army
Lester Lyles General, U.S. Air Force, Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force, and Commander, Air Force Material Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio
Togo West former Secretary of Veterans Affairs, former Secretary of the Army

Entertainment

Athletics

Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Ronald Bartell NFL cornerback (Saint Louis Rams)
Milan Brown head men's basketball coach at Mount Saint Mary's University
Marques Douglas NFL defensive end (New Orleans Saints, Baltimore Ravens, San Francisco Forty-Niners)
Omar Evans Canadian Football League defensive end (Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Saskatchewan Roughriders, Montreal Alouettes, Calgary Stampeders)
Dennis Felton head men's basketball coach at the University of Georgia
Dr. Rhadi Ferguson 1997 4-time US National Judo Champion, a 2004 Judo Olympian, only Male and African American Male with a Ph.D. to fight on a internationally televised Mixed Martial Arts Event - Strikeforce Challengers 13. Current MMA Fighter for Strikeforce
Pep Hamilton current offensive coordinator at Standford University/ former quarterbacks coach for the Chicago Bears
Shaka Hislop goalkeeper for FC Dallas and Trinidad and Tobago national football team who played in the 2006 FIFA World Cup
Gary Harrell current head coach of Howard Bison football team, former NFL/WLAF wide receiver (New York Giants and Frankfurt Galaxy), former assistant coach at Texas Southern University
Nigel Henry professional soccer player
Edward P. Hurt Morgan's legendary football, basketball and track coach
Bubba Morton Major League Baseball player, (Detroit Tigers, Milwaukee Braves, California Angels), first African-American to sign with the Detroit Tigers
David Oliver 2005 professional athlete-track and field
Marques Ogden former NFL offensive lineman
Jay Walker ESPNU Football analyst, NFL quarterback (New England Patriots, 1994; Barcelona Dragons, 1995; Minnesota Vikings, 1996-97), Maryland State Delegate
Billy Jenkins former National Football League Defensive Back
Antoine Bethea NFL safety (Indianapolis Colts)
Geoff Pope NFL cornerback (New York Giants)
Larry Spriggs former NBA player
Milt Thompson former Major League Baseball player, hitting coach for the Philadelphia Phillies
Andrae Townsel Professional Football Player, former member of the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Washington Redskins
Tracy White current NFL linebacker
Steve Wilson 1979 former NFL defensive back, former head football coach of the Howard University and former head coach at Texas Southern University
Tim Watson (American football) former American football safety in the National Football League [16]

Journalism

Gus Johnson
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Leon Dash Pulitzer Prize winner, The Washington Post
Lesli Foster television anchor, WUSA-TV, Washington, D.C.
Hal Jackson first African-American radio sportscaster[citation needed]; co-owner of the first African-American-owned-and-operated station in New York
Michael King conservative commentator; television producer, WXIA-TV, Atlanta, Georgia
Gus Johnson sportscaster, CBS Sports
Vicki Mabrey CBS News and 60 Minutes correspondent
Ju-Don Marshall Roberts The Washington Post, News Corporation
Michelle Miller reporter, CBS News
Steve Wyche sports journalist, NFL Network [17]
Pat Lawson Muse television anchor, WRC-TV Washington, D.C.
Cynne Simpson television anchor, WJLA-TV, Washington, D.C.
Lori Stokes news anchor, WABC-TV, New York City, New York
Kellye Lynn news anchor, WJZ-TV, Baltimore, Maryland
Tom Terrell 1972 music journalist, photographer, promoter, NPR music commentator
La La Vasquez on-air personality
Stan Verrett reporter, ESPNews
Fredricka Whitfield anchor, CNN
Michelle Bernard political/legal analyst, MSNBC, The McLaughlin Group
Nancy Anita Williams journalist and editor, Essence, The Washington Post and Daily News
Colbert King Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist for The Washington Post
Victor Blackwell television anchor, WPBF, West Palm Beach, Florida; anchor and correspondent, CNN (since 2012)[18]
Sherry Berger on-air personality, WPGC-FM, Washington, D.C. [19]

Nobel laureates

Peace, literature, or economics

Toni Morrison
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Toni Morrison born Chloe Anthony Wofford, Nobel Prize for Literature; Pulitzer Prize Winner

Literature

Zora Neale Hurston
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Pearl Cleage poet, essayist, and journalist
Ta-Nehisi Coates author and journalist
Dr. William Jelani Cobb author, historian, professor & journalist
Karl D. Darmstädter German literature
Zora Neale Hurston anthropologist and author
Benilde Little author
Gloria Oden BA: 1944, JD: 1948 Pulitzer Prize-nominated poet, professor
Solomon Mutswairo novelist and poet
Valerie Wilson Wesley author
Omar Tyree award-winning novelist
May Miller poet and playwright of the Harlem Renaissance; [20]

Musicians

Sean Combs
Roberta Flack
Richard Smallwood
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Geri Allen jazz pianist
Ysaye M. Barnwell member of a cappella ensemble Sweet Honey in the Rock, actress, author.
James A. Bland musician and composer. Author of over 700 songs including the former state song of Virginia.
Donald Byrd jazz musician
Sean Combs music producer, also known as "Puffy", "P. Money", "Puff Daddy", "P. Diddy", and "Diddy"
Cora Coleman-Dunham percussionist, currently tours with Prince
Billy Eckstine singer
Lillian Evanti opera singer
Roberta Flack singer
Benny Golson jazz saxophone
Rich Harrison Grammy winning record producer and song writer
Eric Roberson singer
Donny Hathaway singer
Shirley Horn jazz singer and pianist
Bill Hughes 1952 jazz trombonist, director of the Count Basie Orchestra [21]
Marcus Johnson jazz pianist
Kenny Lattimore singer, ex-husband of singer Chante Moore
Linda Lou McCall songwriter and entertainment marketing consultant, widow of Louis A. McCall, drummer and founder of Con Funk Shun
Meshell Ndegeocello recording artist (singer & bassist)
Jessye Norman opera singer, received Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2006
Sadat X rapper, member of hip hop group Brand Nubian
Darnley Scantlebury Grammy nominated music producer, musician and songwriter, a/k/a, Donnie Scantz
Shai Band - "If I Ever Fall in Love"
Richard Smallwood Grammy award-winning gospel singer, pianist, and arranger
Crystal Waters singer, 100% Pure Love, Gypsy Woman (She's Homeless)
Angela Winbush singer

Pageant queens

Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Danielle Jones Miss Trinidad and Tobago Universe 2004, 4th Runner-up at Miss Universe 2004
Candace Allen Miss District of Columbia USA 2006
Crystal L. Bailey 2006 Miss Black Virginia America 2009
Chelsey Rodgers Miss District of Columbia USA 2008; Miss District of Columbia International 2010
Christie Davis Miss Maryland USA - 2000
Shauntay Hinton Miss USA 2002
Amanda Lewis 2005, 2008 Miss Black District of Columbia USA 2008; Miss District of Columbia International 2009
Alena Neves Miss District of Columbia USA - 1993
Shilah Phillips first African-American to hold the Miss Texas title, first runner-up Miss America 2007
Shayna Y. Rudd 2007 Miss District of Columbia America 2008
Von Gretchen Shepard first Miss Black California and first Miss Black America (1973)
Lisa Summerour Miss New Jersey USA(1986)
Heather Swann Miss District of Columbia USA - 2011

Film and television

File:Ambre 0022.jpg
Ambre Anderson
Anthony Anderson
Ossie Davis, 1951
Phylicia Rashad
Roxie Roker
Isaiah Washington
Marlon Wayans
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Ambre Anderson 1997 model, actress [22]
Ossie Davis actor and activist [23]
Ernest Dickerson filmmaker and director (Director), "The Wire"
Dianne Houston Oscar-nominated filmmaker
Ananda Lewis 1995 talk show host (BET,The Ananda Lewis Show) [24]
Freddie Perren 1966 Grammy Award-winning songwriter/producer ("Saturday Night Fever")
Malik Hassan Sayeed Filmmaker
Al Shearer Former BET Personality and actor
Richard Wesley 1967 playwright and screenwriter
Debbie Allen dancer, actress, producer/director of "A Different World" from 1987 to 1993.
Laz Alonso actor ("Stomp the Yard", "Jarhead", "Jumping The Broom", "This Christmas", "Avatar")
Anthony Anderson actor ("Two Can Play that Game," "Barbershop," "Kangaroo Jack," "The Shield," "Law & Order.")
Wendy Davis actress Lifetime Television "Army Wives"
Taraji P. Henson Academy award nominated actress for the "Curious Case of Benjamin Button". She now stars in the CBS hit show "Person of Interest", has also starred in "Baby Boy", "Hustle and Flow","Something New", "Smokin Aces", "Talk To Me", "Not Easily Broken", "The Karate Kid" (2010 Release).
Paula Jai Parker actress ("Friday", "Hustle and Flow", "Idlewild")
Carl Anthony Payne II actor ("The Cosby Show, "Martin")
Shauneille Perry 1950 stage director, playwright and educator
Tracie Thoms actress ("Rent-The Movie", "The Devil Wears Prada", "Grindhouse")
Phylicia Rashad actress (The Cosby Show, "Raisin In The Sun", "The Old Settler", "The Wiz"), first African-American actress to win the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play ("Raisin In The Sun")
Roxie Roker 1952 actress, ("The Jeffersons"), also Lenny Kravitz's mother
Lance Gross actor, ("Tyler Perry's House of Payne)
Wendy Raquel Robinson actress, ("The Steve Harvey Show", "The Game", "Two Can Play That Game", "Something New")
Isaiah Washington actor, ("Get On The Bus", "Love Jones", "Grey's Anatomy")
Marlon Wayans actor ("Little Man", "White Chicks")
Stacie Scott Turner "The Real Housewives of D.C." Entrepreneur (Real Estate) and Marketing professional (Proctor & Gamble, BET). Started her own charity (Extra-Ordinary Life)
Lynn Whitfield Emmy award-winning actress, ("The Josephine Baker Story", "Stompin' At The Savoy", "Thin Line Between Love & Hate", "Head of State", "Eve's Bayou")
Vantile Whitfield 1957 Director, playwright, production designer and influential arts administrator. [25]
Karen Malina White actress, ("The Cosby Show," "A Different World," "Malcolm & Eddie," "Lean On Me")

Other visual and performing arts

Amiri Baraka
Paul Laurence Dunbar
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Amiri Baraka author and poet
Paul Laurence Dunbar late-19th-century poet
Elizabeth Catlett sculptor and printmaker
Lois Mailou Jones Pierre-Noel, artist and educator
Alma Thomas painter
Mildred Thompson painter, printmaker and sculptor

Toyin Koyejo Model

Religion

Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Louis George Gregory Hand of the Cause in the Bahá'í Faith
Leroy Gilbert Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard
Beryl Higgs second woman to be ordained by the Anglican Diocese of the Bahamas
Vashti Murphy McKenzie first female bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church
Jeremiah Wright 1968 former pastor of Trinity United Church of Christ

Other notable alumni

Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Doris Evans McGinty first African-American woman to receive a doctorate in musicology from Oxford University
Roger Arliner Young 1923 first African-American woman to receive a doctorate in zoology, from University of Pennsylvania

Notable faculty

Name Department Notability Reference
Sterling Brown writer, teacher, literary critic, poet laureate for Washington, D.C., professor 1929- around 1969
Dr. Clive Callender one of the foremost specialists in organ transplant medicine in the United States. Professor at Howard University College of Medicine, 1973- present.
John Mercer Langston Law First African American Dean, Howard Law, Congressman
Alain Locke Professor - African American writer, philosopher, educator
Ruth Ella Moore, Ph.D. first African-American woman to earn a doctorate in bacteriology. She was a faculty member of the Howard University Medical School from 1940 to 1973.
Merze Tate first African-American graduate of Western Michigan College, first African-American female to attend Oxford, first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in government and international relations from Harvard University, one of the first women members of the Department of History at Howard University, expert in diplomatic history, professor 1942-77
Emory Tolbert History African American historian, archivist and activist; initiated New York Burial Ground Project
Eric Williams The First Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago. He was also instrumental in them gaining their independence. He was a noted Caribbean historian, and a Howard professor from 1939 to 1944.

See also

References

  1. ^ "List of HBCUs -- White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities". August 16, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
  2. ^ Howard University Trustees.
  3. ^ "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Biography for Dr. Beth A. Brown". Retrieved October 8, 2008.
  4. ^ "NASA's Mars Exploration Education Project". NASA'S Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved November 24, 2012.
  5. ^ Staff (undated). "Dr. Cheick Modibo Diarra – Microsoft Corporation – Biography". Microsoft. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  6. ^ Staff (December 11, 2012). "Mali PM Cheick Modibo Diarra Resigns after Army Arrest". BBC News. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  7. ^ Bass, Holly (2006). "Camille Akeju: New Director Seeks to Rejuvenate Anacostia Museum". Crisis: 37–39. Retrieved April 22, 2012. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ^ "Louise Daniel Hutchinson Interviews". Record Unit 9558. Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  9. ^ [dead link] "http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/biography.asp?bioindex=779". Other EducationMakers. The History Makers. Retrieved April 20, 2012. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  10. ^ "Biography of Kelly Miller". Retrieved November 2, 2008.
  11. ^ "Robinson, III, Harry G.". Who's Who Among African Americans. New York: Gale Research, 2009. p. 1,020.
  12. ^ Peterson, Ivar (December 23, 1993). "Close Adviser to Whitman Is to Be Secretary of State". The New York Times. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
  13. ^ "Obituaries". The Standard-Times. May 3, 2002. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
  14. ^ O'Brien, Reity (March 4, 2012). "Melvin R. "Randy" Primas Jr., Camden's first African American mayor, dies at 62". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
  15. ^ Tom Smith's legislative web page, New Jersey Legislature, backed up by the Internet Archive as of November 8, 2008. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
  16. ^ "Tim Watson: Former Football Great Gives Back In Tampa Bay, Leads Youth By Example". 83degrees. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  17. ^ "Steve Wyche NFL Network". NFL.com. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  18. ^ Press release (July 25, 2012). "Victor Blackwell Joins CNN as Anchor and Correspondent". CNN. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
  19. ^ "WPGC People: Sherry Berger". amandfmmorningside.com.
  20. ^ Biography of May Miller. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
  21. ^ "Bill Hughes". All About Jazz. December 12, 2009. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
  22. ^ "Baltimore's Best Makes It In Manhattan". Bmorenews.com. April 25, 2007. Archived from the original on June 6, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2007. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; June 7, 2007 suggested (help)
  23. ^ "Ossie Davis". National Visionary Leadership Project. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
  24. ^ Staff (May 8, 2000). "Ananda Lewis: Veejay". People. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  25. ^ Shinhoster Lamb, Yvonne (January 23, 2005). "Arts Administrator, Playwright Vantile Whitfield Dies". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 13, 2011. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in theater and design from Howard University in 1957 and a master's degree in film production from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1967. In the years between colleges, he started community theaters. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |deadurl= (help)