Jump to content

Andre Geim

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Owliphant (talk | contribs) at 11:17, 25 October 2013. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Template:Eastern Slavic name

Sir Andre Geim
Born
Andre Konstantin Geim Template:Lang-ru

(1958-10-21) 21 October 1958 (age 66)[1]
Sochi, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
CitizenshipDutch and British
Alma materInstitute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Known forDiscovering graphene[11][12][13]
Levitating a frog[14]
Developing gecko tape[15]
SpouseIrina V. Grigorieva[16][17]
AwardsIg Nobel Prize (2000)
Mott Prize (2007)
Fellow of the Royal Society (2007)
EuroPhysics Prize (2008)
Körber Prize (2009)
John J. Carty Award (2010)
Hughes Medal (2010)
Nobel Prize in Physics (2010)
Knight Bachelor (2012)[1]
Copley Medal (2013)[2]
Scientific career
FieldsCondensed matter physics
InstitutionsMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Institute of Solid State Physics
Russian Academy of Sciences
University of Manchester
Radboud University Nijmegen
Thesis Investigation of mechanisms of transport relaxation in metals by a helicon resonance method  (1987)
Doctoral advisorVictor Petrashov[2][3]
Doctoral studentsSoren Neubeck[4]
Konstantin Novoselov[5]
Rashid Jalil[6]
Da Jiang[7]
Rahul Raveendran-Nair[8]
Ibtsam Riaz[9]
Gareth Young[10]
Websitewww.manchester.ac.uk/research/andre.k.geim/

Sir Andre Konstantin Geim, FRS (Template:Lang-ru; born 21 October 1958) is a Russian-born Jewish-Dutch-British physicist working at the University of Manchester.[18] Geim was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Konstantin Novoselov for his work on graphene.[19][20] He is Regius Professor of Physics, Langworthy Professor at the University of Manchester and, also, director of the Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology.[21][22][23][24][25][26]

Education

Andre Geim was born to Russian German family of Konstantin Alekseyevich Geim and Nina Nikolayevna Bayer on 21 October 1958. Both his parents were engineers.[27][28] "I suffered from anti-Semitism in Russia because my name sounds Jewish".[29] In his autobiography.[27] Both, his father and parental grandfather had spent many years of their lives as prisoners in Siberia in Stalin's Gulags. Geim has one brother, Vladislav. In 1965, the family moved to Nalchik,[30] where he studied at an English-language high school.[30] After graduation, he applied to the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute.[31] He took the entrance exams twice, but was not accepted because of his ethnicity.[27] He then applied to the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), where he was accepted . He said the students had to work extremely hard: "The pressure to work and to study was so intense that it was not a rare thing for people to break and leave, and some of them ended up with everything from schizophrenia to depression to suicide." He received an MSc degree in 1982 and a PhD degree in metal physics in 1987 from the Institute of Solid State Physics (ISSP) at the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in Chernogolovka.[32][33] He said that at the time he would not have chosen to study solid-state physics, preferring particle physics or astrophysics, but is now happy with his choice.[32]

Academic career

After earning his PhD with Victor Petrashov,[2] Geim worked as a research scientist at the Institute for Microelectronics Technology (IMT) at RAS, and from 1990 as a post-doctoral fellow at the universities of Nottingham (twice), Bath, and Copenhagen. He said that while at Nottingham he could spend his time on research rather than have to deal with politics, and determined to leave Russia.[34]

He obtained his first tenured position in 1994, when he was appointed associate professor at Radboud University Nijmegen, where he did work on mesoscopic superconductivity.[35] He later gained Dutch citizenship. One of his doctoral students at Nijmegen was Konstantin Novoselov, who went on to become his main research partner. However, Geim has said that he had an unpleasant time during his academic career in the Netherlands. He was offered professorships at Nijmegen and Eindhoven, but turned them down as he found the Dutch academic system too hierarchical and full of petty politicking. “This can be pretty unpleasant at times,” he says. “It’s not like the British system where every staff member is an equal quantity.””[34] On the other hand, Geim writes in his Nobel lecture that "In addition, the situation was a bit surreal because outside the university walls I received a warm-hearted welcome from everyone around, including Jan Kees and other academics." [36] (Dr. Jan Keas Maan was the research boss of Geim during his time at Radboud University Nijmegen).

In 2001 he became a professor of physics at the University of Manchester, and was appointed director of the Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology in 2002, and Langworthy Professor in 2007.[33] Geim's wife and long-standing co-author, Irina Grigorieva, also moved to Manchester as a lecturer. Later they were joined by Novoselov.[30] Since 2007 he has been an EPSRC Senior Research Fellow.[33][37] In 2010 Radboud University Nijmegen appointed him professor of innovative materials and nanoscience.[38]

Research

Graphene is an atomic-scale honeycomb lattice made of carbon atoms.

Geim's achievements include the discovery of a simple method for isolating single atomic layers of graphite, known as graphene, in collaboration with researchers at the University of Manchester and IMT. The team published their findings in October 2004 in Science.[39][40][41]

Graphene consists of one-atom-thick layers of carbon atoms arranged in two-dimensional hexagons,[42][43] and is the thinnest material in the world, as well as one of the strongest and hardest.[44] The material has many potential applications and is considered a superior alternative to silicon.[45]

Geim said one of the first applications of graphene could be in the development of flexible touchscreens, and that he has not patented the material because he would need a specific application and an industrial partner.[46]

"Spider-Man test" of gecko tape[15]

Geim was involved in the development of a biomimetic adhesive which became known as gecko tape[15]—so called because of the adhesiveness of gecko feet—research of which is still in the early stages.[47] It is hoped that the development will eventually allow humans to scale ceilings, like Spider-Man.[48]

Geim's research in 1997 into the possible effects of magnetism on water scaling led to the famous discovery of direct diamagnetic levitation of water, and led to a frog being levitated.[49] For the experiment with Berry, see.[14] Geim has also carried out research on mesoscopic physics and superconductivity.[34][50]

He said of the range of subjects he has studied: "Many people choose a subject for their PhD and then continue the same subject until they retire. I despise this approach. I have changed my subject five times before I got my first tenured position and that helped me to learn different subjects."[32]

He named his favourite hamster, H.A.M.S. ter Tisha, co-author in a 2001 research paper.[39][51]

Honours and awards

Magnetically levitating a live frog, an experiment that earned Geim and Michael Berry the 2000 Ig Nobel Prize

Geim shared the 2000 Ig Nobel Prize in physics with Michael Berry for the frog experiment.[52] In 2006 he appeared on the Scientific American 50.[53] The Institute of Physics awarded him the 2007 Mott Medal and Prize "for his discovery of a new class of materials—free-standing two-dimensional crystals—in particular graphene".[54] In 2007 he was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.[55]

He shared the 2008 EuroPhysics Prize with Novoselov "for discovering and isolating a single free-standing atomic layer of carbon (graphene) and elucidating its remarkable electronic properties".[56] In 2009 he received the Körber European Science Award.[57] The United States National Academy of Sciences honoured him with the 2010 John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science "for his experimental realisation and investigation of graphene, the two-dimensional form of carbon".[58] He was awarded one of six Royal Society 2010 Anniversary Research Professorships.[59] The Royal Society added its 2010 Hughes Medal "for his revolutionary discovery of graphene and elucidation of its remarkable properties".[60] He was awarded honorary doctorates from Delft University of Technology,[61] ETH Zürich,[38] the University of Antwerp[62] and the University of Manchester. In 2010, Geim was appointed as Knight Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion for his contribution to Dutch Science.[63] Geim was furthermore made a Knight Bachelor in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to science.[64][65] He was elected a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Sciences in May 2012[66] and awarded the Copley Medal in 2013.

Nobel Prize in Physics

On 5 October 2010 Geim was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene".[67] Upon hearing of the award he said, "I'm fine, I slept well. I didn't expect the Nobel Prize this year", and that his plans for the day would not change.[68] The lecture for the award took place on 8 December 2010 at Stockholm University.[69] He said he hopes that graphene and other two-dimensional crystals will change everyday life as plastics did for humanity.[70] A colleague of Geim said that his award shows that people can still win a Nobel by "mucking about in a lab".[71] The award made him the first person to win, as an individual, both a Nobel Prize and an Ig Nobel Prize.[72] On winning both a Nobel and Ig Nobel, he has stated that

"Frankly, I value both my Ig Nobel prize and Nobel prize at the same level and for me Ig Nobel prize was the manifestation that I can take jokes, a little bit of self-deprecation always helps."[2]

View and opinions

Geim was one of 38 Nobel laureates who signed a declaration in 2010 issued by Scholars for Peace in the Middle East condemning international attempts to boycott Israeli academics, institutions, and research centers.[73]

At the Nobel Minds symposium in December 2010, with regards towards the Nobel Peace Prize committee's choice of Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo as patronising. Geim responded saying, "In the past ten years, China has developed not only economically, but even the strongest human rights supporter would agree also human rights have improved. Why do we need to distort this?"[74][75]

Identity

Geim has a complex ancestry which includes German, Jewish, Ukrainian, Polish and other roots and is described in detail in his Nobel Prize autobiography.[27] In there, Geim has stated that most of his family are ethnic Germans where his father descended from Volga Germans and his mother was mostly an ethnic German as well. "Therefore, to the best of my knowledge, the only Jew in the family was my great-grandmother, with the rest on both sides being German. Having lived and worked in several European countries, I consider myself European and do not believe that any further taxonomy is necessary, especially in such a fluid world as the world of science."[27][76][77]

References

  1. ^ a b "GEIM, Prof. Andre Konstantin". Who's Who 2013, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2013; online edn, Oxford University Press.(subscription required)
  2. ^ a b c d "BBC Radio 4 - Andre Geim Profile by Helen Grady, first broadcast 2013-07-27".
  3. ^ "Mentor of two Nobel Prize winners teaches at Royal Holloway". Archived from the original on 31 July 2013.
  4. ^ Neubeck, Soeren (2010). Scanning probe investigations on graphene (PhD thesis). University of Manchester.
  5. ^ Novoselov, Konstantin S. (2004). Development and applications of mesoscopic hall microprobes (PhD thesis). Radboud University Nijmegen. ISBN 9090183663
  6. ^ Jalil, Rashid (2012). Novel Substrates for Graphene based Electronics (PhD thesis). University of Manchester.
  7. ^ Jiang, Da (2006). Fabrication, characterization and measurement of atomically thin carbon devices (PhD thesis). University of Manchester.
  8. ^ Raveendran-Nair, Rahul (2010). Atomic structure and properties of graphene and novel graphene derivatives (PhD thesis). University of Manchester.
  9. ^ Riaz, Ibtsam (2012). Graphene and Boron Nitride : Members of Two Dimensional Material Family (PhD thesis). University of Manchester.
  10. ^ Young, Gareth (2005). Investigation into the ferromagnetic properties of graphite (PhD thesis). University of Manchester.
  11. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0408-90, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0408-90 instead.
  12. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1063/1.2774096, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1063/1.2774096 instead.
  13. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 15499015, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=15499015 instead.
  14. ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1088/0143-0807/18/4/012, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1088/0143-0807/18/4/012 instead.
  15. ^ a b c Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1038/nmat917, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1038/nmat917 instead.
  16. ^ "BBC iPlayer - Beautiful Minds: Series 2: Professor Andre Geim". Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  17. ^ "Dr Irina V. Grigorieva, research profile - personal details (The University of Manchester)". Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 3 (help)
  18. ^ "Professor Andre Geim, FRS (Condensed Matter Physics Group - The University of Manchester)". Archived from the original on 19 April 2012.
  19. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1126/science.1158877, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1126/science.1158877 instead.
  20. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1038/nmat1849, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1038/nmat1849 instead.
  21. ^ Andre Geim's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  22. ^ Andre Geim in Google Scholar
  23. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s11224-010-9680-0, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s11224-010-9680-0 instead.
  24. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1038/nature02180, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1038/nature02180 instead.
  25. ^ Arthur, Charles. "Scientists magnetised by levitating frog". The Independent. 12 April 1997. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  26. ^ Novoselov, K. S. et al. (2004). "Room-temperature electric field effect and carrier-type inversion in graphene films". Submitted to Nature on 5 February 2004.
  27. ^ a b c d e Nobel Autobiography
  28. ^ "RG-RB – 42". Rg-rb.de. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
  29. ^ Gali Weinreb Nobel Laureate Geim: Life sciences suited for small countries Globes 16 November 10 [1]
  30. ^ a b c Translated from the German by Alex Herzog, "Andre Geim, a German Russian, is Awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics", Germans from Russia Heritage Collection, North Dakota State University, October 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  31. ^ "най наших: лауреатом Нобелевской премии по физике стал российский немец" Template:Ru icon (Google Translate). rusdeutsch.ru. 6 October 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  32. ^ a b c Murphy, John. "Renaissance scientist with fund of ideas". Scientific Computing World. June/July 2006. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  33. ^ a b c Geim's CV DOC (56.5 KB). University of Manchester. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  34. ^ a b c "A physicist of many talents". Physics World. February 2006. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  35. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1528, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1528 instead.
  36. ^ Nobel lecture http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2010/geim_lecture.pdf
  37. ^ "Grants awared to Andre Geim by the EPRSC". Archived from the original on 31 July 2013.
  38. ^ a b "Discoverer of graphene back at Radboud University as professor". Radboud University Nijmegen. 15 February 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  39. ^ a b (October 2009). Template:PDFlink. APS News (American Physical Society) 18 (9): 2. See the online version here [2].
  40. ^ "Radical fabric is one atom thick". BBC News. 22 October 2004. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  41. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1126/science.1102896, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1126/science.1102896 instead.
  42. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1038/news070723-7, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1038/news070723-7 instead.
  43. ^ Palmer, Jason. "Bendy gadget future for graphene". BBC News. 14 January 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  44. ^ Overbye, Dennis. "Physics Nobel Honors Work on Ultra-Thin Carbon". The New York Times. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  45. ^ Waters, Darren. "Nano switch hints at future chips". BBC News. 17 April 2008. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  46. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1038/news.2010.525, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1038/news.2010.525 instead.
  47. ^ Black, Richard. "Gecko inspires sticky tape". BBC News. 1 June 2003. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  48. ^ Highfield, Roger. "Gecko lizards inspire 'Spiderman gloves'". The Daily Telegraph. 23 January 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  49. ^ "The Frog That Learned to Fly". Radboud University Nijmegen. Retrieved 19 October 2010. For Geim's account of diamagnetic levitation, see Geim, Andrey. Template:PDFlink. Physics Today. September 1998. pp. 36–39. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  50. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1038/36797, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1038/36797 instead.
  51. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00753-5, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00753-5 instead.
  52. ^ "Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize". Ig Nobel Prize. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  53. ^ "Scientific American 50: SA 50 Winners and Contributors". Scientific American. 12 November 2006. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  54. ^ "2007 Mott medal and prize". Institute of Physics. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  55. ^ "Fellows". Royal Society. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  56. ^ Johnston, Hamish. "Graphene pioneers bag Europhysics prize". Physics World. 2 September 2008. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  57. ^ "Graphene pioneer wins major international prize". University of Manchester. 21 April 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  58. ^ "John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science". United States National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  59. ^ "Top researchers receive Royal Society 2010 Anniversary Professorships". Royal Society. 16 October 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  60. ^ "The Hughes Medal (1902)". Royal Society. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  61. ^ "TU Delft honorary doctorate Geim wins Nobel Prize for graphene research". Delft University of Technology. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  62. ^ "Prizes and awards". University of Antwerp. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  63. ^ "Hoge Koninklijke onderscheiding voor Nobelprijswinnaars" (in Dutch). Public Information Service of the Government of the Netherlands. Retrieved 25 August 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  64. ^ "No. 60009". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 31 December 2011.
  65. ^ "Knighthoods for Nobel-winning graphene pioneers". BBC News. 31 December 2011.
  66. ^ "National Academy of Sciences Members and Foreign Associates Elected". National Academy of Sciences. 1 May 2012.
  67. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010". Nobel Prize. Retrieved 26 October 2010. For a video of the announcement, see "Announcement of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics". Nobel Prize. Retrieved 26 October 2010. For the interview with Geim following the award, see "Telephone interview with Andre Geim". Nobel Prize. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
  68. ^ "Materials breakthrough wins Nobel". BBC News. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  69. ^ "Nobel Lecture". Nobel Prize. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
  70. ^ "Research into graphene wins Nobel Prize". CNN. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  71. ^ Alleyne, Richard. "'Mucking about' with pencil lead and sticky tape wins Nobel Prize for Physics". The Daily Telegraph. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  72. ^ "Geim becomes first Nobel & Ig Nobel winner". Improbable Research. 5 October 2010. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  73. ^ Statement. Scholars for Peace in the Middle East. 28 October 2010. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
  74. ^ "2010 Nobel Minds". nobelprize.org. Passage begins at about 19:00. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
  75. ^ Bannerman, Lucy. "Liu Xiaobo wrong man for Nobel Peace Prize, say laureates". The Australian. 13 December 2010. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
  76. ^ Nobel laureate: Life sciences ...JPost - Business - Business News
  77. ^ What? Not All Jews Are Geniuses? – Forward.com

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Andre Geim.

Template:Persondata

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andre_Geim&oldid=578676828"