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DLNA

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Digital Living Network Alliance
EstablishedJune 2003 (2003-06)[1]
FounderSony
TypeNonprofit collaborative trade organization
HeadquartersLake Oswego, Oregon USA
Membership
225[2]
Websitedlna.org

The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) is a nonprofit collaborative trade organization established by Sony in June 2003, that is responsible for defining interoperability guidelines to enable sharing of digital media between multimedia devices.[3] These guidelines are built upon existing public standards, but the guidelines themselves are private (available for a fee). These guidelines specify a set of restricted ways of using the standards to achieve interoperability and include almost no free audio formats and only the most common (free or otherwise) video formats, meaning that DLNA servers generally have to support transcoding in order to produce a useful service.[4]

DLNA uses Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) for media management, discovery and control.[5] UPnP defines the type of device that DLNA supports ("server", "renderer", "controller") and the mechanisms for accessing media over a network. The DLNA guidelines then apply a layer of restrictions over the types of media file format, encodings and resolutions that a device must support.

As of February 2013,[6] over 18,000 different device models have obtained "DLNA Certified" status, indicated by a logo on their packaging and confirming their interoperability with other devices.[7] It was estimated that by 2010 more than 440 million DLNA-certified devices, from digital cameras to game consoles and TVs, were installed in users' homes.[8]

History

Sony established the DLNA in June 2003 as the Digital Home Working Group, changing its name 12 months later, when the first set of guidelines for DLNA was published.[1] Home Networked Device Interoperability Guidelines v1.5 was published in March 2006 and expanded in October of the same year; the changes included the addition of two new product categories — printers, and mobile devices — as well as an "increase of DLNA Device Classes from two to twelve" and an increase in supported user scenarios related to the new product categories.[1]

Specification

The DLNA Certified Device Classes are separated as follows:[9]

Home Network Devices

  • Digital Media Server (DMS): store content and make it available to networked digital media players (DMP) and digital media renderers (DMR). Examples include PCs and network-attached storage (NAS) devices.
  • Digital Media Player (DMP): find content on digital media servers (DMS) and provide playback and rendering capabilities. Examples include TVs, stereos and home theaters, wireless monitors and game consoles.
  • Digital Media Renderer (DMR): play content as instructed by a digital media controller (DMC), which will find content from a digital media server (DMS). Examples include TVs, audio/video receivers, video displays and remote speakers for music. It is possible for a single device (e.g. TV, A/V receiver, etc.) to function both as a DMR (receives "pushed" content from DMS) and DMP ("pulls" content from DMS)
  • Digital Media Controller (DMC): find content on digital media servers (DMS) and instruct digital media renderers (DMR) to play the content. Content doesn't stream from or through the DMC. Examples include Internet tablets, Wi-Fi enabled digital cameras and smartphones.
  • Digital Media Printer (DMPr): provide printing services to the DLNA home network. Generally, digital media players (DMP) and digital media controllers (DMC) with print capability can print to DMPr. Examples include networked photo printers and networked all-in-one printers

Mobile Handheld Devices

  • Mobile Digital Media Server (M-DMS): store content and make it available to wired/wireless networked mobile digital media players (M-DMP), digital media renderers (DMR) and digital media printers (DMPr). Examples include mobile phones and portable music players.
  • Mobile Digital Media Player (M-DMP): find and play content on a digital media server (DMS) or mobile digital media server (M-DMS). Examples include mobile phones and mobile media tablets designed for viewing multimedia content.
  • Mobile Digital Media Uploader (M-DMU): send (upload) content to a digital media server (DMS) or mobile digital media server (M-DMS). Examples include digital cameras and mobile phones.
  • Mobile Digital Media Downloader (M-DMD): find and store (download) content from a digital media server (DMS) or mobile digital media server (M-DMS). Examples include portable music players and mobile phones.
  • Mobile Digital Media Controller (M-DMC): find content on a digital media server (DMS) or mobile digital media server (M-DMS) and send it to digital media renderers (DMR). Examples include personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones.

Home Infrastructure Devices

  • Mobile Network Connectivity Function (M-NCF): provide a bridge between mobile handheld device network connectivity and home network connectivity.
  • Media Interoperability Unit (MIU): provide content transformation between required media formats for home network and mobile handheld devices.

The specification uses Digital Transmission Content Protection|DTCP-IP as "link protection" for copyright-protected commercial content between one device to another.[1][10]

Member companies

As of February 2014, there are 17 promoter members and 215 contributor members. The promoter members are:[11]

ACCESS, Arris, Awox,[12] Broadcom, CableLabs, Comcast, Dolby Laboratories, DTS, Intel, LG Electronics, Microsoft, Nokia, Panasonic, Samsung Electronics, Sony Electronics, Time Warner Cable, and Verizon.

DLNA is run by a board of directors consisting of 9 members. There are 8 permanent representatives from the following companies: Broadcom, Intel, Microsoft, Nokia, Samsung Electronics, Sony Electronics, CableLabs, AwoX [12] and one elected by the promoter members.[13]

The board of directors oversees the activity of the four following committees:

  • Ecosystem Committee, planning the future development of DLNA guidelines
  • Compliance & Test Committee, overseeing the certification program and its evolutions
  • Marketing Committee, actively promoting DLNA worldwide
  • Technical Committee, writing the DLNA guidelines

Products supporting DLNA

DLNA-certified devices

There are over nine thousand products on the market that are DLNA Certified.[14] This includes TVs, DVD and Blu-ray players, games consoles, digital media players, photo frames, cameras, NAS devices, PCs, mobile handsets, and more.[15] “According to a study from ABI Research, nearly 200 million such products shipped in 2008; that number will rise to more than 300 million in 2012, and the growth curve accelerates even faster in the years that follow.”[16] Consumers can see if their product is certified by looking for a DLNA logo on the device or by verifying certification through the DLNA Product Search.[17]

Manufacturers can seek certification testing from a DLNA Accredited Independent Certification Vendor such as the UNH InterOperability Laboratory,[18] Digital TV Labs,[19] or Testronic.[20]

DLNA technology components

As the past president of DLNA pointed out to the Register in March 2009:[21]

The vendors of software are allowed to claim that their software is a DLNA Technology Component if the software has gone through certification testing on a device and the device has been granted DLNA Certification. DLNA Technology Components are not marketed to the consumer but only to industry.

DLNA Interoperability Guidelines allow manufacturers to participate in the growing marketplace of networked devices and are separated into the below sections of key technology components.[22]

  • Network and Connectivity[23]
  • Device and Service Discovery and Control[24]
  • Media Format and Transport Model[25]
  • Media Management, Distribution and Control[26]
  • Digital Rights Management and Content Protection[27]
  • Manageability[28]

DLNA-certified software

In 2005,[29] DLNA began a Software Certification program in order to make it easier for consumers to share their digital media across a broader range of products. DLNA is certifying software that is sold directly to consumers through retailers, websites and mobile application stores. With DLNA Certified software, consumers can upgrade products from within their home networks that may not be DLNA Certified and bring them into their personal DLNA ecosystems. This helps in bringing content such as videos, photos and music stored on DLNA Certified devices to a larger selection of consumer electronics, mobile and PC products.[30]

DLNA-certified products

Some examples:[31]

2
  • BlackBerry Q5 shares multimedia including music, pictures or videos.
  • BlackBerry Q10 shares multimedia including music, pictures or videos.
  • BlackBerry Z10 shares multimedia including music, pictures or videos.
  • BlackBerry Z30 shares multimedia including music, pictures or videos.

Servers

Main article: Comparison of UPnP AV MediaServers
  • Asset UPnP/DLNA, Audio specific UPnP/DLNA server for Windows & Windows Home Server. Features album art, audio WAVE/LPCM transcoding from a huge range of audio codecs, ReplayGain support for streamed audio. Customizable browse tree.
  • CyberLink Media Server 2.[38] Appears to be just a DMS.
  • Jamcast,[39] a DLNA compliant media server for MS Windows that is capable of streaming any audio playing on the PC to DLNA devices.
  • JRiver Media Center,[40] DLNA media server for Windows or Mac. Also includes Renderer and Controller.
  • Mezzmo[41] is a feature-packed UPnP/DLNA media server with on-the-fly transcoding and media organizing features.
  • PlayOn from MediaMall[42] appears to be a DMS, also capable of serving streamed internet media such as Netflix, Hulu, Google YouTube, CNN, ESPN.
  • PS3 Media Server,[43] an open source (GPLv2) DLNA compliant UPnP Media Server for the Sony PS3, written in Java, with the purpose of streaming or transcoding any kind of media files, with minimum configuration.
  • Serviio[44] is a DLNA media server and works with any DLNA compliant device with the purpose of streaming or transcoding any kind of media files (TV, Sony PlayStation 3, etc.) and some other (MS Xbox 360). Frequently updated, has a good support community.
  • Subsonic (media server) Media Server [45]
  • TwonkyMedia server runs on Windows, Mac OS X, GNU/Linux and Android and enables media sharing of local and online media among a large variety of devices.
  • TVMOBiLi[46] – A shareware DLNA/UPnP Media Server for MS Windows, Apple Mac OS X and GNU/Linux. Appears to be just a DMS.
  • TVersity, a UPnP MediaServer with strong device support and on-the-fly transcoding.[47] Appears to be just a DMS.[48]
  • Wild Media Server (UPnP, DLNA, HTTP),[49] a media server for MS Windows, Wine (GNU/Linux), Wineskin on MacOS, featuring individual device settings, transcoding, external and internal subtitles, restricted device access to folders, uploading files, Internet-Radio, Internet-Television, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), DMR-control and "Play To", Music (Visualization), Photo (Slideshow), support for 3D-subtitles, support for music fingerprints.
  • Coherence is a framework written in Python to enable applications access to digital living network resources. As a stand alone application it can act as a UPnP/DLNA media server, in combination with a supported client as a media renderer.
  • AllShare[50] (UPnP, DLNA), a Samsung branded media server for MS Windows. Clients are also available for mobile Android devices. Effective for streaming content over a local network to Samsung devices, notably televisions.
  • KooRaRoo Media[51] (UPnP, DLNA, HTTP), a multimedia organizer and a media server for Windows. On-the-fly transcoding, supports multiple video/audio streams in files, includes a DMS (server) and a DMC (controller) with "play to" functionality. Works with all DLNA-compatible devices.
  • Pixel Media Server[52] is a DLNA compliant Digital Media Server on Android platform. It makes your android Phone/Tablet to DLNA Media Server and publish your media contents (Image/Song/Video) from your Tablet/Phone to the DLNA home network.
  • PLEX Media Server
  • Nero Media Home[53] is a UPnP/DLNA Media Server on the Windows platform, streaming music, videos, photos, and TV shows, It allows to play back your media files on most popular devices including Xbox and PlayStation.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Frequently Asked Questions", About, DLNA, retrieved 2010-01-22.
  2. ^ "About". DLNA. Retrieved 2011-03-02. {{cite web}}: |contribution= ignored (help)
  3. ^ DLNA: what it is and what you need to know, Techradar {{citation}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)
  4. ^ "Why do I hate DLNA protocol so much", GX Ben, Word press, 2008-08-24.
  5. ^ "DLNA for HD Video Streaming in Home Networking Environments" (PDF). DLNA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-30.
  6. ^ "Installed base of DLNA devices exceeds 440mn". IPTV news. 2008-09-25. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  7. ^ "The DLNA Certified Logo Program". Sony. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  8. ^ "440 million DLNA-certified devices installed in 2010 says ABI". EE herald. 2011-01-25. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  9. ^ "Certified® Device Classes". DLNA. Archived from the original on 2010-12-22. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  10. ^ "Whitepaper", About us (PDF), DLNA, p. 4, retrieved 2011-03-02
  11. ^ "Member Companies".
  12. ^ a b "AwoX".
  13. ^ Board of Directors of DLNA
  14. ^ "DLNA Empowers the Connected Consumer", Connected World magazine, 2011-01-14, retrieved 2011-03-02
  15. ^ "UPnP and DLNA—Standardizing the Networked Home". Instat. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  16. ^ "More than 300 Million DLNA-Certified Consumer Electronics Devices to Ship in 2012 | Press Release" (press release). ABI Research. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  17. ^ Products, DLNA.
  18. ^ UNH InterOperability Lab.
  19. ^ Digital TV labs.
  20. ^ Testronic.
  21. ^ "IO Mega not DLNA compliant", The register, UK, 2009-03-02.
  22. ^ "The DLNA Networked Device Interoperability Guidelines". DLNA. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  23. ^ "Network and Connectivity". DLNA. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  24. ^ "Device and Service Discovery and Control". DLNA. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  25. ^ "Media Format and Transport Model". DLNA. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  26. ^ "Media Management, Distribution, and Control". DLNA. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  27. ^ "Digital Rights Management and Content Protection". DLNA. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  28. ^ "Manageability". DLNA. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  29. ^ "DLNA Certification Program".
  30. ^ "Increasing DLNA Software Certification Will Propel the Adoption and Connection of Devices within the Home Network" (press release). ABI research.
  31. ^ Certified Products (search), DLNA.
  32. ^ Remote. "mediaCTRL pour PC". Awox. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
  33. ^ "Network Media Solutions – OEM/ODM Modules and Embedded Technologies for the Digital Home". Awox. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  34. ^ "SoftDMA 2 – Media Player for the Digital Home". Cyberlink. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  35. ^ "Connect DLNA", Xbox 360, Microsoft.
  36. ^ "Connect DLNA", Playstation 3, Sony.
  37. ^ "Connect DLNA", XBOX ONE, Microsoft.
  38. ^ "Media Server 2 – Media Server Software for the Digital Home". Cyberlink. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  39. ^ "Jamcast" (home page). SDS technologies. 2010-11-23. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  40. ^ "JRiver Media Center" (home page). JRiverr. 2013-08-02. Retrieved 2013-83-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  41. ^ Conceiva. "The Ultimate DLNA Home Entertainment Software". Mezzmo. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  42. ^ "PlayOn Digital Media Server". PlayOn. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  43. ^ "PS3 media server". Code (project hosting). Google. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  44. ^ Serviio.
  45. ^ http://subsonic.org
  46. ^ "TV mobili". Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  47. ^ "Home". TVersity. 2007-06-17. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  48. ^ "Supported Devices". TVersity. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  49. ^ "Wild Media Server (UPnP, DLNA, HTTP)"..
  50. ^ "AllShare download". Samsung. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
  51. ^ "KooRaRoo Media". Programming Sunrise. Retrieved 2012-07-04.
  52. ^ "DMS", Play, Google.
  53. ^ Nero Media Home, retrieved 2014-01-12
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