Tati language (Iran)
Tati | |
---|---|
تاتی | |
Native to | Iran |
Region | Northwest of Iran |
Native speakers | (undated figure of 220,000 Takestani)[1] 28,000 Harzani (2000)[2] Others shifting |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Variously:tks – Takestani/Khalkhalxkc – Kho'inihrz – Harzandirdb – Rudbariesh – Eshteharditov – Taromixkp – Kabatei |
Glottolog | khoi1250 Kho'inirama1272 Takestani/Eshteharditaro1267 Taromi/Kabateirudb1238 Rudbariharz1239 Harzandi |
Tati (Tati: Tâti Zobün, Template:Rtl-lang) is a group of northwestern Iranian dialects which are closely related to the Talysh language, spoken by the Tat people of Iran. Tats are a subgroup of Persians and speak a Persian dialect related to middle-Persian Pahlavi. They also claim ancestry from the Sassanid Persians.
Some sources use the term old Azari/Azeri to refer to the Tati language as it was spoken in the region before the spread of Turkic languages (see Ancient Azari language), and is now only spoken by different rural communities in Iranian Azerbaijan (such as villages in Harzanabad area, villages around Khalkhal and Ardabil), and also in Zanjan and Qazvin provinces.[clarification needed][3][4][5][6]
In the field of phonetics Tati is similar to the rest of the north-western Iranian languages: it is distinguished by the persistence of Iranian *z, *s, *y-, * v- against the south-western d, h, j-, b-; development /ʒ/ < * j, */t͡ʃ/ against the south-west z, and the preservation of intervocalic and postvocalic *r and even, for a number of dialects, development rhotacism.
In the field of morphology, Tati is less analytical in structure than the south-western Iranian languages. Having lost the ancient foundations of classes and verb, tati preserved case (two case: direct, or subjective, and oblique). It is a gender-neutral language except in some name and verb formations.
Tati is an ergative language, i.e. "with transitive verbs the subject/agent of the verb is expressed by the direct case in the present tenses, but by the oblique in the past tenses, whereas the direct object/patient in the present tenses is expressed by the oblique, but by the direct in the past".[7]
Dialects
Dialects are:[citation needed]
- Chāli, Tākestāni, Eshtehārdi, Khiāraji, Ebrāhim-ābādi, Sagz-ābādi, Dānesfāni, Esfarvarini, Khoznini
- Kho'ini, Balbavini, Sefid-kamari, Halabi, Sa'd-ābādi
- Khalkhāli, Tāromi
- Harzandi, Dizmāri
- Kuhpāya'i, Rudbāri, Alamuti, Taleqāni
- Kiliti
Tati Dialects[8]
English | Persian | Tākestāni Tāti | Sagzābādi Tāti | Ebrāhimābādi Tāti | Ardabilaki Tāti | Ziārāni Tāti | Tikhuri Tāti |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Child | بچه bačče |
zārin/bālā بالا/زارين |
zāru زارو |
zāru زارو |
vača وچه |
eyāl عيال |
vača وچه |
Rooftop | پشت بام pošte bām |
bon بُن |
bun بون |
bön بون |
bom بوم |
bum بوم |
bum بوم |
Hand | دست dast |
bāl بال |
bāl بال |
bāl بال |
bāl بال |
bāl بال |
bāl بال |
Sharp | تيز tiz |
tij تيج |
tij تيج |
tij تيج |
tij تيج |
tij تيج |
tij تيج |
Sister | خواهر xāhar |
xāke خاکه |
xuača خواچه |
xuāka خوآکه |
xāxor خاخور |
xoār خُوآر |
xoār خُوآر |
Ablution/Wudu | وضو vozu |
dasnemāz دسنماز |
dasta māz دست ماز |
dasnemāz دسنماز |
dasnemāz دسنماز |
dastnemāz دست نِماز |
dastnemāz دست نِماز |
Housewife | کدبانو kadbānu |
keyvuniye/kalöntare zeyniye کلُونتَره زينيه/کيوونيه |
čeybonua چي بنوه |
keyvānu کيوانو |
keyvānu کيوانو |
kalentar کلنتر |
xojirezen خوجيره زِن |
Lentil | عدس adas |
marjömake مرجومکه |
marjeva مرجوه |
marjeva مرجوه |
marju مرجو |
marju مرجو |
marju مرجو |
Calm | آرام ārām |
dinj دينج |
dinj دينج |
dinj دينج |
dinj دينج |
dinj دينج |
dinj دينج |
Shout | فرياد faryād |
harāy هرای |
harāy/qia قيه/هرای |
harāy/qeya قيه/هرای |
harāy/qiyu قيو/هرای |
qālmeqāl/harāy هرای/قال مِقال |
hara هَرَه |
English | Persian | Middle Persian | Avestan | Tākestāni Tāti | Sagzābādi Tāti | Ebrāhimābādi Tāti | Ardabilaki Tāti | Ziārāni Tāti | Tikhuri Tāti |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dog | سگ sag |
sege | span | asbe/māččiye ماچيه/اَسبه |
asba اَسبه |
asba اَسبه |
sag سگ |
sayg/māčča ماچه/سَيگ |
sayg/māčča ماچه/سَيگ |
Bone | استخوان ostoxān |
ast/xastak | ast | esqonj اسقُنج |
xasta خسته |
xasta خسته |
esdeqān اسدقان |
hasta هَستَه |
hasta هَستَه |
Lie | دروغ dorugh |
drog/droo | droj | duru دورو |
deru درو |
doru دُرو |
duru دورو |
duru دورو |
duru دورو |
Needle | سوزن suzan |
darzik/darzi | dereza | darzone درزُنه |
darzena درزنه |
darzena درزنه |
darzan درزَن |
darzen درزِن |
darzen درزِن |
Face | چهره čehre |
čihr/čihrak | dim دیم |
dim دیم |
dim دیم |
dim دیم |
dim دیم |
dim دیم | |
Groom | داماد dāmād |
zāmāt | zāmātar | zomā زُما |
zummā زوما |
zeymā زیما |
zāmā زاما |
zāmā زاما |
zāmā زاما |
House | خانه xāne |
katak | kata | kiye کیه |
čia چیه |
kia کیه |
xāna خانه |
xāna خانه |
xāna خانه |
Man | مرد mard |
mart | mereta | mardak مردک |
miarda میرده |
miarda میرده |
merdi مِردی |
mardek مَردِک |
mardek مَردِک |
Lamb | بره barre |
varrak | vare وَره |
vara وره |
vara وره |
vara وره |
vara وره |
vara وره | |
Bride | عروس arus |
vazyok | vaze | veye ویه |
veya ویه |
veya ویه |
ayris/eris عریس/عَی ریس |
ayris/eris عریس/عَی ریس | |
Nose | بینی bini |
vinik | vaenā | vinniye وینیه |
venia ونیه |
venia ونیه |
vini وینی |
vini وینی |
vini وینی |
Wolf | گرگ gorg |
gurg | vehraka | varg ورگ |
varg ورگ |
varg ورگ |
verg وِرگ |
gurg گورگ |
gurg گورگ |
See also
References
- ^ Takestani at Ethnologue (10th ed., 1984). Note: Data may come from the 9th edition (1978).
- ^ Harzani at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ it is also spoken in some villages like Vafs and Chehreghan in the central areas of Iran like Gholamhossein Mosahab's The Persian Encyclopedia
- ^ Paul, Ludwig (1998a). The position of Zazaki among West Iranian languages. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference of Iranian Studies, 11-15.09.1995, Cambridge, Nicholas Sims-Williams (ed.), 163-176. Wiesbaden: Reichert.
- ^ Andrew Dalby, Dictionary of Languages: the definitive reference to more than 400 languages, Columbia University Press, 2004, pg 496.
- ^ "Azari, the Old Iranian Language of Azerbaijan," Encyclopaedia Iranica, op. cit., Vol. III/2, 1987 by E. Yarshater. External link: [1]
- ^ Iranica entry on Eshtehārdi, one of Tati dialects
- ^ http://www.mehremihan.ir/language-and-dialect/2956-tati-ghazvini.html
External links
- Iranica entry on Eshtehārdi, one of Tati dialects
- Windfuhr: New West Iranian
- Grammar of the Talysh language in Russian