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Framlingham, Victoria

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Framlingham
Victoria
Kaawirn Kuunawarn (Hissing Swan), also known as King David, Chief of the Kirrae Wuurong, who lived in Framlingham from 1865 until his death in 1889.
Population169 (SAL 2021)[1]
Postcode(s)3265
Location
LGA(s)Shire of Moyne
State electorate(s)Polwarth
Federal division(s)Wannon

Framlingham is a rural township in the Western District of Victoria, Australia, about 24 km north-east of Warrnambool (a small city on the south-west coast of the state). With settlement beginning in the 1840s, the following decades saw a general store, post office, hotel, school and Presbyterian church established in Framlingham. The township still boasts a public reserve and a hall, but the school was closed in 1993.[2] An Aboriginal reserve was established by the Board for the Protection of Aborigines between Purnim and Framlingham in 1861. It was located beside the Hopkins River in the territory of the semi-nomadic Kirrae Wuurong (Blood Tip Tribe) people, not far from the boundary with the Gunditjmara. The reserve operated until 1916, with the Aboriginal community continuing to the present.[3]

History

The Church of England in Warnambool formed the Anglican mission in 1861, which requested establishment of the Framlingham Aboriginal Reserve. The reserve was occupied in 1865 by many of the surviving members of the Kirrae Wuurong clans, who originally inhabited the area between Mount Emu Creek and the Hopkins River, and much of whose language was recorded by a Scottish squatter, James Dawson.[4] Members of the Djargurd Wurrung from the Camperdown area and Gunditjmara people from Warrnambool were also relocated to Framlingham, but Gunditjmara from Portland and Lake Condah refused to settle here, leading to the establishment of Lake Condah reserve in 1869.[5]

In 1867 the reserve was closed by the Central Board appointed by the Government of Victoria and attempts were made to relocate the residents to Lake Condah Mission but in September 1868 the Kirrae Wuurong won the re-establishment of the reserve. Residents of Warrnambool campaigned from 1877 to 1890 to close the reserve and turn it into an experimental agricultural farm, and in 1894 the reserve was reduced to 222 hectares (2.22 km2) and the majority of the land given to the Council of Agricultural Education. However, the agricultural farm plans never eventuated, with this land becoming the Framlingham Forest.[3]

In 1916 the Government of Victoria decided to concentrate Victorian Aborigines at Lake Tyers Mission in Gippsland. The reserve was eventually closed but some residents were allowed to remain, with the community being granted ownership in 1971 of the 237 hectares (2.37 km2) they held at that time.[3]

When Framlingham was established, it was declared to be 3,500 acres (14 km2) in area, although its actual size may have been closer to 4,400 acres (18 km2). As parts of the reserve were sold to private landowners, its size diminished, until only the 586 acres (2.37 km2) remained when it was closed in 1971. Some of this land was also set aside as a State Forest.

In 1957 the Board for the Protection of Aborigines was abolished, and in 1970 the Aboriginal Lands Act 1970 was passed by the Parliament of Victoria. Under the provisions of that act, ownership of Framlingham was handed over to a trust held by Aboriginal residents of the site on 1 July 1971. Along with Lake Tyers, in the eastern Gippsland region of the state, Framlingham was the last reserve to close in Victoria.

In 1976 the Framlingham community began a campaign to regain rights to the Framlingham Forest that had been excised from the original 1861 reserve in 1894. In April 1979 the community blockaded the road to the forest picnic ground. The Victorian Government proposed allowing Aboriginal management of the forest in 1980 but maintained that it would continue as crown land. The proposal was rejected by the community, who resumed the blockade.[3][6][7]

In 1987, the Victorian Labor government under John Cain attempted to grant some of the Framlingham State Forest to the trust as inalienable title, but the legislation was blocked by the Liberal Party opposition in the Legislative Council. However, the federal Labor government under Bob Hawke intervened, passing the Aboriginal Land Act 1987, which gave 1,130 acres (4.6 km2) of the Framlingham forest to the Framlingham trust. Although the title is essentially inalienable, in that it can only be transferred to another Indigenous land trust, the Framlingham trust has no rights to prevent mining on the land, unlike trusts or communities holding native title.

Notable citizens

  • Reg Saunders, famous aboriginal soldier, was born in Framlingham in 1920.

Ash Wednesday

On 16 February 1983, one of the Ash Wednesday fires started here and swept through the district killing nine people, destroying many homes, farm buildings and livestock. The cause was believed to be poorly maintained power lines. [8]

Post Offices

Framlingham Post Office nearby opened on 1 March 1859 and closed in 1975. A Framlingham East Post Office was also open from 1925 until 1945.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Framlingham (suburb and locality)". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ [1], Framlingham, Victorian Places, Accessed March 27, 2017
  3. ^ a b c d Ian D. Clark, pp125-133, Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803-1859, Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995 ISBN 0-85575-281-5
  4. ^ Girai Wurrung
  5. ^ Ian D. Clark, pp12, Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803-1859, Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995 ISBN 0-85575-281-5
  6. ^ Kerry Wakefield, pp3, Warrnambool blacks had century of misery: report, The Age, September 2, 1980. Accessed from Google News Archive on September 29, 2009
  7. ^ ABC News archival video, Framlingham Blockade, Koorie Heritage Trust, Accessed September 29, 2009
  8. ^ "About Ash Wednesday". Country Fire Authority Victoria, Australia. Archived from the original on 2008-03-23. Retrieved 2008-05-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Premier Postal History, Post Office List, retrieved 2008-04-11
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