Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2017) |
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani | |
---|---|
میر سید علی همدانی | |
Title | Second Ali of Kashmir |
Personal | |
Born | 714 AH (1314 AD) |
Died | 786 AH (1384 AD) Khatlon, Tajikistan |
Religion | Islam |
Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
---|
Islam portal |
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani (Persian: میر سید علی همدانی; 1314–1384) was a Persian Sūfī of the Kubrawiya order, a poet and a Muslim scholar.[1][2] He was born in Hamadan, and was buried in Khatlan Tajikistan.[3] He was known as Shāh-e-Hamadān ("King of Hamadān"), Amīr-i Kabīr ("the Great Commander"), and Ali Sani ("second Ali").[4]
Early life
The title "Sayyid" indicates that he was a descendant of Prophet Muhammad, possibly from both sides of his family.[5]
Hamadani spent his early years under the tutelage of Ala ud-Daula Simnani, a famous Kubrawiya saint from Semnan, Iran. Despite his teacher's opposition to Ibn Arabi's explication of the wahdat al-wujud ("unity of existence"), Hamadani wrote Risala-i-Wujudiyya, a tract in defense of that doctrine, as well as two commentaries on Fusus al-Hikam, Ibn Arabi's work on Al-Insān al-Kāmil. Hamadani is credited with introducing the philosophy of Ibn-Arabi to South Asia.[6]
Travels
Sayyid Ali Hamadani traveled widely – it is said he traversed the known world from East to West three times. In 774 AH/1372 AD Hamadani lived in Kashmir. After Sharaf-ud-Din Abdul Rehman Bulbul Shah, he was the second important Muslim to visit Kashmir. Hamadani went to Mecca, and returned to Kashmir in 781/1379, stayed for two and a half years, and then went to Turkistan by way of Ladakh. He returned to Kashmir for a third time in 785/1383 and left because of ill health[clarification needed]. Hamadani is regarded as having brought various crafts and industries from Iran into Kashmir; it is said that he brought with him 700 followers.[6][better source needed] The growth of the textile industry in Kashmir increased its demand for fine wool, which in turn meant that Kashmiri Muslim groups settled in Ladakh,[clarification needed] bringing with them crafts such as minting[clarification needed] and writing.[7]
Hamadani traveled and preached Islam in different parts of the world[8][page needed] such as Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, China, Syria, and Turkestan.[9][page needed] [clarification needed]
Hamadani died on his way back to Central Asia at a site close to present day Mansehra town in North-West Pakistan.[10] His body was carried by his disciples to Khatlan, Tajikistan, where his shrine is located.[6]
Influence
His disciple Sayyid Ishaq al-Khatlani was in turn the master[clarification needed] of Shah Syed Muhammad Nurbakhsh Qahistani.[11] He wrote the following rules in Zakhirat-ul Maluk to Islamize Kashmir:[12]
- The Muslim ruler shall not allow fresh constructions of Hindu temples and shrines.
- No repairs to the existing Hindu temples and shrines shall be allowed.
- Hindus shall not use Muslim names.
- They shall not ride a harnessed horse.
- They shall not move about with arms.
- They shall not wear rings with diamonds.
- They shall not deal in or eat bacon.
- They shall not exhibit idolatrous images.
- They shall not build houses in neighborhoods of Muslims.
- They shall not dispose of their dead near Muslim graveyards, nor weep nor wail over their dead.
- They shall not deal in or buy Muslim slaves.
- No Muslim traveler shall be refused lodging in the Hindu temples and shrines where he shall be treated as a guest for three days by non-Muslims.
- No non-Muslim shall act as a spy in the Muslim state.
- No problem shall be created for those non-Muslims who, on their own will, show their readiness for Islam.
- Non-Muslims shall honor Muslims and shall leave their assembly whenever the Muslims enter the premises.
- The dress of non-Muslims shall be different from that of Muslims to distinguish themselves.
According to a study by Sambalpur University, Hamadani was responsible for conversion of 37000 Kashmiri people to Islam.[13]
Works
One manuscript (Raza Library, Rampur, 764; copied 929/1523) contains eleven works ascribed to Hamadani (whose silsila runs to Naw'i Khabushani; the manuscript contains two documents associated with him).[14]
- Risalah Nooriyah, is a tract on contemplation
- Risalah Maktubaat, contains Amir-i-Kabir’s letters
- Dur Mu’rifati Surat wa Sirat-i-Insaan, discusses the bodily and moral features of man
- Dur Haqaa’iki Tawbah, deals with the real nature of penitence
- Hallil Nususi allal Fusus, is a commentary on Ibn-ul-‘Arabi’s Fusus-ul-Hikam
- Sharhi Qasidah Khamriyah Fariziyah, is a commentary on the wine-qasidah of ‘Umar ibn ul-Fariz who died in 786 A.H. =1385 A.C.
- Risalatul Istalahaat, is a treatise on Sufic terms and expressions
- ilmul Qiyafah or Risalah-i qiyafah is an essay on physiognomy. A copy of this exists in the United States National Library of Medicine.
- Dah Qa’idah gives ten rules of contemplative life
- Kitabul Mawdah Fil Qurba, puts together traditions on affection among relatives
- Kitabus Sab’ina Fi Fadha’il Amiril Mu’minin, gives the seventy virtues of Hazrat ‘Ali.
- Arba’ina Amiriyah, is forty traditions on man’s future life
- Rawdhtul Firdaws, is an extract of a larger work entitled
- Manazilus Saaliqin, is on Sufi-ism
- Awraad-ul-Fatehah, gives a conception of the unity of God and His attributes
- Chehl Asraar (Forty Secrets), is a collection of forty poems in praise of Allah and The Prophet
- Zakhirat-ul-Muluk, a treatise on political ethics and the rules of good government
Syed Abdur-Rehman Hamdani in his book “Salar-e-Ajjam” has listed 68 Books and 23 Pamphlets by Shah-e-Hamdan[15]
References
- ^ Al-islam.org [1]
- ^ Ninth Session, Part 2
- ^ Hadith alThaqalayn || Imam Reza (A.S.) Network
- ^ Sir Walter Roper Lawrence (2005). The Valley of Kashmir. Asian Educational Services. p. 292. ISBN 978-81-206-1630-1.
- ^ "HAMADĀNI, SAYYED ʿALI – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2018-12-07.
- ^ a b c Rafiabadi, Hamid Naseem (2003). "World Religions and Islam: A Critical Study, Part 2". Sarup & Sons. pp. 97–105. ISBN 9788176254144.
- ^ Fewkes, Jacqueline H. (2008). Trade and Contemporary Society Along the Silk Road: An Ethno-history of Ladakh. Routledge Contemporary Asia. Routledge. pp. 44–45. ISBN 9781135973094.
- ^ Stellrecht, Irmtraud (1997). The Past in the Present: Horizons of Remembering in the Pakistan. Rüdiger Koppe. ISBN 978-38-96451-52-1.
- ^ Barzegar, Karim Najafi (2005). Intellectual movements during Timuri and Safavid period: 1500–1700 A.D. Delhi: Indian Bibliographies Bureau. ISBN 978-81-85004-66-2.
- ^ S. Manzoor Ali, "Kashmir and early Sufism" Rawalpindi:Sandler Press, 1979.
- ^ Deweese, Devin (2014). "Intercessory Claims of Sufi Communities: Messianic Legitimizing Strategies on the Spectrum of Normativity". In Mir-Kasimov, Orkhan (ed.). Unity in Diversity: Mysticism, Messianism and the Construction of Religious Authority in Islam. Brill. pp. 197–220. ISBN 978-90-04262-80-5.
- ^ "Wailing Kashmir: Seven Migrations of Kashmiri Pandits". 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=
(help) - ^ Shaikh, Allauddin (1992). "Chapter 6: Libraries in Kashmir". Libraries and librarianship during muslim rule in India An analytical study. Sambalpur University.
- ^ Deweese, Devin (2005). "Two Narratives on Najm al-Din Kubra and Radi al-Din Lala from a Thirteenth-Century Source: Notes on a Manuscript in the Raza Library, Rampur". In Lawson, Todd (ed.). Reason and Inspiration in Islam: Essays in Honour of Hermann Landolt. I.B. Tauris. pp. 298–339. ISBN 9780857716224.
- ^ "Shah Hamdan History".
Bibliography
- John Renard 2005: Historical Dictionary of Sufism (Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies and Movements, 58), ISBN 0810853426