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In [[History of the Republic of India|post-independence India]] an [[Anglo-Indian]] teacher, Violet Stoneham ([[Jennifer Kendal]]), lives a quiet and uneventful life at 36 Chowringhee Lane in [[Calcutta]], now [[Kolkata]]. Her brother Eddie ([[Geoffrey Kendal]], Jennifer's father in real life) is senile and ailing in a nursing home. After the marriage of her niece Rosemary ([[Soni Razdan]]), she is alone except for her cat, Sir Toby. Her only joy in life is teaching [[Shakespeare]], despite the lack of interest from her students.
In [[History of the Republic of India|post-independence India]] an [[Anglo-Indian]] teacher, Violet Stoneham ([[Jennifer Kendal]]), lives a quiet and uneventful life at 36 Chowringhee Lane in [[Calcutta]], now [[Kolkata]]. Her brother Eddie ([[Geoffrey Kendal]], Jennifer's father in real life) is senile and ailing in a nursing home. After the marriage of her niece Rosemary ([[Soni Razdan]]), she is alone except for her cat, Sir Toby. Her only joy in life is teaching [[Shakespeare]], despite the lack of interest from her students.


Returning home from church on a Christmas Day, Violet runs into a former student, Nandita ([[Debashree Roy]]), and her author-boyfriend Samaresh ([[Dhritiman Chatterjee]]), and invites them over for coffee. They accept her invitation after some initial hesitation. However, they quickly realize that Violet's apartment would be convenient for their tête-à-têtes while she is away at work. When Samaresh requests the use of Violet's apartment during school hours, saying that he would like to work on his novel, she agrees. For some time, this arrangement works to the benefit of all. Samaresh and Nandita get the privacy they desperately seek, and Violet has company when she returns home from work. Over time, she grows very fond of them, and begins to look upon them as her friends. Her old friends die or go away, she isn't appreciated at her job, and they are the only friends she has – the only people who can make her laugh.
Returning home from church on a Christmas Day, Violet runs into a former student, Nandita ([[Debashree Roy]]), and her author-boyfriend Samaresh ([[Dhritiman Chatterjee]]), and invites them over for coffee. They accept her invitation after some hesitation. However, they quickly realize that Violet's apartment would be convenient for their tête-à-têtes while she is at work. When Samaresh requests the use of Violet's apartment during school hours, saying he would like to work on his novel, she agrees. For some time, this arrangement works to the benefit of all. Samaresh and Nandita get the privacy they seek, and Violet has company when she returns home from work. Over time, she grows very fond of them, and begins to look upon them as friends. Her old friends die or go away, she isn't appreciated at her job, and they are the only friends she has.
Eventually Samaresh and Nandita get married, and move on with their lives. Violet wants to meet them on Christmas Day, and bake them a cake. They have a party organized at home, however, and think she would be 'a fish out of water' if invited. So they lie about not being in town during Christmas. Violet comes over, any way, to drop off the cake on Christmas Day, and finally sees that she has been deceived by them. She walks home to her lonely life, slowly. The final scene of the film shows Violet reciting aloud from ''[[King Lear]]'', with her only audience being a stray dog.
Eventually Samaresh and Nandita get married, and move on with their lives. Violet wants to meet them on Christmas Day, and bake them a cake. They have a party organized at home, however, and think she would be 'a fish out of water' if invited. So they lie about not being in town during Christmas. Violet comes over anyway, to drop off the cake, and finally sees that she has been deceived by them. She walks home to her lonely life, slowly. The final scene shows Violet reciting aloud from ''[[King Lear]]'', her only audience being a stray dog.


==Cast==
==Cast==
Line 52: Line 52:
==Production==
==Production==
'''Script and casting'''<br>
'''Script and casting'''<br>
The idea of the film emerged from a story that Sen had written, and that had taken the shape of a screenplay. When she showed it to [[Satyajit Ray]], he suggested she make the film. He also suggested [[Shashi Kapoor]] as the producer.<ref name=rediff>{{cite web|last=Sen|first=Aparna|title='If I'd made more compromises I may have been more successful' – Rediff On The Net, Movies: An interview with Aparna Sen|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/nov/23apa1.htm|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref> After approaching several producers and repeatedly being asked what she was trying to sell, she finally sent a synopsis of the plot to Kapoor. He liked it and asked her to come over to Mumbai, and the film took off from there.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sen in the city|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/07/05/stories/2004070501760400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050509185742/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/07/05/stories/2004070501760400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 May 2005|access-date=4 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 July 2004}}</ref>
The idea of the film emerged from a story Sen had written, and that had taken the shape of a screenplay. When she showed it to [[Satyajit Ray]], he suggested she make the film. He also suggested [[Shashi Kapoor]] as the producer.<ref name=rediff>{{cite web|last=Sen|first=Aparna|title='If I'd made more compromises I may have been more successful' – Rediff On The Net, Movies: An interview with Aparna Sen|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/nov/23apa1.htm|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref> After approaching several producers and repeatedly being asked what she was trying to sell, she finally sent a synopsis of the plot to Kapoor. He liked it and asked her to come over to Mumbai, and the film took off from there.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sen in the city|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/07/05/stories/2004070501760400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050509185742/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/07/05/stories/2004070501760400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 May 2005|access-date=4 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 July 2004}}</ref>


Aparna Sen had not thought of Jennifer Kendal to play the lead. She was looking for someone older, perhaps someone who was actually an [[Anglo-Indian]]. She was persuaded by [[Utpal Dutt]] to cast Kendal, who herself suggested the look of Violet Stoneham with her hair in a bun.<ref name=rediff />
Aparna Sen had not thought of Jennifer Kendal to play the lead. She was looking for someone older, perhaps an [[Anglo-Indian]]. She was persuaded by [[Utpal Dutt]] to cast Kendal, who herself suggested the look of Violet Stoneham with her hair in a bun.<ref name=rediff />


'''Shooting'''<br>
'''Shooting'''<br>
Originally, Sen had thought of [[Govind Nihalani]] to shoot the film. However, he was not free, and she would have to wait a year to begin work on the film. Kapoor suggested the names of several other cinematographers. Sen saw a film shot by [[Ashok Mehta]], and decided she wanted him for her film.<ref name=TOI-Mehta>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Subhash K|title=Aparna Sen devastated by Ashok Mehta's death|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/news-interviews/33247918_1_chowringhee-lane-ashok-mehta-aparna-sen|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411041407/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/news-interviews/33247918_1_chowringhee-lane-ashok-mehta-aparna-sen|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2013|access-date=6 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 August 2012}}</ref>
Originally, Sen had thought of [[Govind Nihalani]] to shoot the film. However, he was not free, and she would have to wait a year to begin work on the film. Kapoor suggested several other cinematographers. Sen saw a film shot by [[Ashok Mehta]], and decided she wanted him for her film.<ref name=TOI-Mehta>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Subhash K|title=Aparna Sen devastated by Ashok Mehta's death|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/news-interviews/33247918_1_chowringhee-lane-ashok-mehta-aparna-sen|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411041407/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/news-interviews/33247918_1_chowringhee-lane-ashok-mehta-aparna-sen|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2013|access-date=6 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 August 2012}}</ref>


The film was shot in almost a namesake address of 26, Chowringhee Road with a beautiful view of the Indian Museum and the [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Maidan]] along with its landmarks like the [[Eden Gardens]], the High Court, Pratt Memorial School, Governor's House, the [[Shaheed Minar, Kolkata|Shaheed Minar]] and Fort William.
The film was shot at almost a namesake address of 26, Chowringhee Road with a beautiful view of the Indian Museum and the [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Maidan]] along with its landmarks like the [[Eden Gardens]], the High Court, Pratt Memorial School, Governor's House, the [[Shaheed Minar, Kolkata|Shaheed Minar]] and Fort William.


The depiction of pre-marital sex in the film was ahead of its time. About the intimate scenes in the film, Sen said: "I feel scenes of sexual intimacy are ruined if the director is embarrassed. I wasn't embarrassed. There was nothing in it that I thought was obscene."<ref name=rediff />
The depiction of pre-marital sex in the film was ahead of its time. About the intimate scenes, Sen said: "I feel scenes of sexual intimacy are ruined if the director is embarrassed. I wasn't embarrassed. There was nothing in it that I thought was obscene."<ref name=rediff />


'''Post-production'''<br>
'''Post-production'''<br>
At the post-production stage, Debashree Roy's voice was dubbed over with Sen's own voice. Sen explained that this was done partly in order to save time. Moreover, Dhritiman Chatterjee was a good deal older than Roy, and she wanted a voice that was slightly older.<ref name=rediff />
At the post-production stage, Debashree Roy's voice was dubbed over with Sen's own voice. Sen explained that this was done partly in order to save time. Moreover, Dhritiman Chatterjee was a good deal older than Roy, and she wanted a voice that was slightly older.<ref name=rediff />


The art direction of the film was done by [[Bansi Chandragupta]], who is well known as the art director of the [[Apu Trilogy]] and other Ray films. In June 1981, when the film was in the final stages of post-production, Chandragupta died of a heart attack. The film is dedicated to him.
The art direction of the film was done by [[Bansi Chandragupta]], art director of the [[Apu Trilogy]] and other Ray films. In June 1981, when the film was in the final stages of post-production, Chandragupta died of a heart attack. The film is dedicated to him.


==Reception==
==Reception==
When initially released, the film was appreciated by a niche audience but did not do well commercially. Describing it as a "total loss", Shashi Kapoor lamented that at places he had to hire the theatres himself to exhibit it.<ref>{{cite news|title=A new role for Shashi Kapoor|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/11/stories/2004121105730500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204180728/http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/11/stories/2004121105730500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2005|access-date=4 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 December 2004}}</ref>
When initially released, the film was appreciated by a niche audience but did not do well commercially. Describing it as a "total loss", Shashi Kapoor lamented that at places he had to hire the theatres himself to exhibit it.<ref>{{cite news|title=A new role for Shashi Kapoor|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/11/stories/2004121105730500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204180728/http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/11/stories/2004121105730500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2005|access-date=4 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 December 2004}}</ref>


Critically, however, the film was very well received. It won the Best Direction award for Sen at the National film awards. Ashok Mehta's camera work was much appreciated. ''36 Chowringhee Lane'' was also entered in the first edition of the Manila International Film Festival, where it won the top prize. Jennifer Kendal's performance as Violet Stoneham remains a talking-point to this day.
Critically, however, the film was very well received. It won the Best Direction award for Sen at the National Film Awards. Ashok Mehta's camera work was much appreciated. ''36 Chowringhee Lane'' was also entered in the first edition of the Manila International Film Festival, where it won the top prize. Scholar Wimal Dissanayake sees the film as a portrayal of the patriarchal social system: "The film portrays the plight of a lonely woman in a society that cares little for questions of female subjectivity and self-fulfillment."<ref name="dissanayake">{{cite journal|last=Dissanayake|first=Wimal|title=Questions of Female Subjectivity and Patriarchy: a Reading of Three Indian Women Film Directors|journal=East-West Film Journal|date=June 1989|volume=3|issue=2}}</ref>

Scholar Wimal Dissanayake sees the film as a portrayal of the patriarchal social system: "The film portrays the plight of a lonely woman in a society that cares little for questions of female subjectivity and self-fulfillment."<ref name=dissanayake>{{cite journal|last=Dissanayake|first=Wimal|title=Questions of Female Subjectivity and Patriarchy: a Reading of Three Indian Women Film Directors|journal=East-West Film Journal|date=June 1989|volume=3|issue=2}}</ref>


==Legacy==
==Legacy==

Revision as of 13:06, 22 March 2022

36 Chowringhee Lane
DVD cover
Directed byAparna Sen
Written byAparna Sen
Produced byShashi Kapoor
StarringJennifer Kendal
Debashree Roy
Dhritiman Chatterjee
Geoffrey Kendal
CinematographyAshok Mehta
Edited byBhanudas Divakar
Music byVanraj Bhatia
Release date
  • 29 August 1981 (1981-08-29)
Running time
122 minutes
CountryIndia
LanguagesBengali
English

36 Chowringhee Lane is a 1981 film written and directed by Aparna Sen and produced by Shashi Kapoor. It marked the directorial debut of Sen, who had until then been known as a leading actress of Bengali cinema. The film was very well received upon release. It stars Jennifer Kendal in a critically acclaimed role, along with Dhritiman Chatterjee and Debashree Roy.

Plot

In post-independence India an Anglo-Indian teacher, Violet Stoneham (Jennifer Kendal), lives a quiet and uneventful life at 36 Chowringhee Lane in Calcutta, now Kolkata. Her brother Eddie (Geoffrey Kendal, Jennifer's father in real life) is senile and ailing in a nursing home. After the marriage of her niece Rosemary (Soni Razdan), she is alone except for her cat, Sir Toby. Her only joy in life is teaching Shakespeare, despite the lack of interest from her students.

Returning home from church on a Christmas Day, Violet runs into a former student, Nandita (Debashree Roy), and her author-boyfriend Samaresh (Dhritiman Chatterjee), and invites them over for coffee. They accept her invitation after some hesitation. However, they quickly realize that Violet's apartment would be convenient for their tête-à-têtes while she is at work. When Samaresh requests the use of Violet's apartment during school hours, saying he would like to work on his novel, she agrees. For some time, this arrangement works to the benefit of all. Samaresh and Nandita get the privacy they seek, and Violet has company when she returns home from work. Over time, she grows very fond of them, and begins to look upon them as friends. Her old friends die or go away, she isn't appreciated at her job, and they are the only friends she has.

Eventually Samaresh and Nandita get married, and move on with their lives. Violet wants to meet them on Christmas Day, and bake them a cake. They have a party organized at home, however, and think she would be 'a fish out of water' if invited. So they lie about not being in town during Christmas. Violet comes over anyway, to drop off the cake, and finally sees that she has been deceived by them. She walks home to her lonely life, slowly. The final scene shows Violet reciting aloud from King Lear, her only audience being a stray dog.

Cast

Crew

Production

Script and casting
The idea of the film emerged from a story Sen had written, and that had taken the shape of a screenplay. When she showed it to Satyajit Ray, he suggested she make the film. He also suggested Shashi Kapoor as the producer.[1] After approaching several producers and repeatedly being asked what she was trying to sell, she finally sent a synopsis of the plot to Kapoor. He liked it and asked her to come over to Mumbai, and the film took off from there.[2]

Aparna Sen had not thought of Jennifer Kendal to play the lead. She was looking for someone older, perhaps an Anglo-Indian. She was persuaded by Utpal Dutt to cast Kendal, who herself suggested the look of Violet Stoneham with her hair in a bun.[1]

Shooting
Originally, Sen had thought of Govind Nihalani to shoot the film. However, he was not free, and she would have to wait a year to begin work on the film. Kapoor suggested several other cinematographers. Sen saw a film shot by Ashok Mehta, and decided she wanted him for her film.[3]

The film was shot at almost a namesake address of 26, Chowringhee Road with a beautiful view of the Indian Museum and the Maidan along with its landmarks like the Eden Gardens, the High Court, Pratt Memorial School, Governor's House, the Shaheed Minar and Fort William.

The depiction of pre-marital sex in the film was ahead of its time. About the intimate scenes, Sen said: "I feel scenes of sexual intimacy are ruined if the director is embarrassed. I wasn't embarrassed. There was nothing in it that I thought was obscene."[1]

Post-production
At the post-production stage, Debashree Roy's voice was dubbed over with Sen's own voice. Sen explained that this was done partly in order to save time. Moreover, Dhritiman Chatterjee was a good deal older than Roy, and she wanted a voice that was slightly older.[1]

The art direction of the film was done by Bansi Chandragupta, art director of the Apu Trilogy and other Ray films. In June 1981, when the film was in the final stages of post-production, Chandragupta died of a heart attack. The film is dedicated to him.

Reception

When initially released, the film was appreciated by a niche audience but did not do well commercially. Describing it as a "total loss", Shashi Kapoor lamented that at places he had to hire the theatres himself to exhibit it.[4]

Critically, however, the film was very well received. It won the Best Direction award for Sen at the National Film Awards. Ashok Mehta's camera work was much appreciated. 36 Chowringhee Lane was also entered in the first edition of the Manila International Film Festival, where it won the top prize. Scholar Wimal Dissanayake sees the film as a portrayal of the patriarchal social system: "The film portrays the plight of a lonely woman in a society that cares little for questions of female subjectivity and self-fulfillment."[5]

Legacy

Indian films made in English
(see also English-language Indian films)
Prior to 36 Chowringhee Lane, film makers in India did not consider English to be a viable choice of language for feature films. After it, there has been a thin but steady stream of such films, including Sen's Mr. and Mrs. Iyer and 15 Park Avenue.

In popular culture

The title of the film has become symbolic of the city of Kolkata, particularly its cuisine. A Bangalore restaurant is called 36 Chowringhee Lane.[6] A fast-food chain in Delhi is called 34 Chowringhee Lane.[7]

Awards

The film has been nominated for and won the following awards since its release:

1982 Manila International Film Festival (Philippines)
  • Won – Golden Eagle – Best Feature Film – 36 Chowringhee Lane – Aparna Sen
1981 National Film Awards[8][9]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Sen, Aparna. "'If I'd made more compromises I may have been more successful' – Rediff On The Net, Movies: An interview with Aparna Sen". Retrieved 29 January 2013.
  2. ^ "Sen in the city". The Hindu. 5 July 2004. Archived from the original on 9 May 2005. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  3. ^ Jha, Subhash K (17 August 2012). "Aparna Sen devastated by Ashok Mehta's death". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  4. ^ "A new role for Shashi Kapoor". The Hindu. 11 December 2004. Archived from the original on 4 February 2005. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  5. ^ Dissanayake, Wimal (June 1989). "Questions of Female Subjectivity and Patriarchy: a Reading of Three Indian Women Film Directors". East-West Film Journal. 3 (2).
  6. ^ "36 Chowringhee Lane in BTM Layout 1st stage, Bangalore – Buzzintown". Archived from the original on 7 April 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  7. ^ "34, Chowringhee Lane". Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  8. ^ "29th National Film Awards". International Film Festival of India. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  9. ^ "29th National Film Awards (PDF)" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=36_Chowringhee_Lane&oldid=1078617291"