Climate of New York City: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 40°42′46″N 74°00′22″W / 40.712740°N 74.005974°W / 40.712740; -74.005974
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==Station data==
==Station data==
{{New York City weatherbox|collapsed=Y}}
{{New York City weatherbox|collapsed=Y}}


{{Weather box <!-- Infobox begins -->
| name = New York City (1991-2020) <!-- Add a name to the weather box in template namespace to show VTE editing options. -->
| width = <!-- Width parameter for wikitable, default width=90%. Leave blank for wikitable with no width defined. Set width=auto to fit the table in the next available space automatically. -->
| collapsed = <!-- Any entry in this line will make the template initially collapsed. Leave blank or remove this line for uncollapsed. -->
| open = <!-- Any entry in this line will make the template permanently open, and remove the hide button. Remove this line for a collapsible table. -->
| single line = yes <!-- Any entry in this line will display metric and imperial units in the same cell. Leave blank or remove this line for separate table rows. -->
| trace = <!-- Any entry in this line will replace the word "trace" with the input when entering trace amounts for precipitation. Leave blank for default.-->
| location = New York ([[Belvedere Castle]], [[Central Park]]), 1991-2020 normals and extremes <!-- Mandatory field, location the climate data was taken, usually an airport. -->

| temperature colour = <!-- Enter "pastel" for pastel temperature colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for the standard colouring. -->
<!-- Maximum Humidex -->
<!-- The humidex table can be used only if the source provides humidex values. As of July 2015, few if any countries other than Canada use the Humidex. -->
| Jan maximum humidex =
| Feb maximum humidex =
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| year maximum humidex =
<!-- Record high temperatures -->
<!-- Note that record temperatures should only be used when the data period is of the greatest length possible. -->
| Jan record high F = 72
| Feb record high F = 78
| Mar record high F = 86
| Apr record high F = 96
| May record high F = 96
| Jun record high F = 98
| Jul record high F = 104
| Aug record high F = 103
| Sep record high F = 96
| Oct record high F = 93
| Nov record high F = 80
| Dec record high F = 75
| year record high F =
<!-- Average monthly absolute maximum temperatures (that is, on average, the highest temperature to be observed in a month). It is important to note that this data is not very prominent in most climate data archives. -->
| Jan avg record high F = 60.4
| Feb avg record high F = 60.7
| Mar avg record high F = 70.3
| Apr avg record high F = 82.9
| May avg record high F = 88.5
| Jun avg record high F = 92.1
| Jul avg record high F = 95.7
| Aug avg record high F = 93.4
| Sep avg record high F = 89.0
| Oct avg record high F = 79.7
| Nov avg record high F = 70.7
| Dec avg record high F = 62.9
| year avg record high F = 97.0 <!-- Note: the yearly data does NOT necessarily reflect the highest temperature in any of the months. This refers to the yearly highest temperature, that is, on average, the highest temperature to be observed in a year. -->
<!-- Average high temperatures -->
| Jan high F = 39.7
| Feb high F = 42.5
| Mar high F = 50.2
| Apr high F = 62.0
| May high F = 71.7
| Jun high F = 79.9
| Jul high F = 85.1
| Aug high F = 83.5
| Sep high F = 76.4
| Oct high F = 64.7
| Nov high F = 54.3
| Dec high F = 44.6
| year high F =
<!-- Mean daily temperature -->
| Jan mean F =
| Feb mean F =
| Mar mean F =
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| Jun mean F =
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| Dec mean F =
| year mean F =
<!-- Average low temperatures -->
| Jan low F = 27.4
| Feb low F = 29.0
| Mar low F = 35.3
| Apr low F = 45.0
| May low F = 54.5
| Jun low F = 63.9
| Jul low F = 69.6
| Aug low F = 68.4
| Sep low F = 61.8
| Oct low F = 50.9
| Nov low F = 41.5
| Dec low F = 33.3
| year low F =
<!-- Average monthly absolute minimum temperatures (that is, on average, the lowest temperature to be observed in a month). It is important to note that this data is not very prominent in most climate data archives. -->
| Jan avg record low F = 9.8
| Feb avg record low F = 12.7
| Mar avg record low F = 20.0
| Apr avg record low F = 32.8
| May avg record low F = 43.9
| Jun avg record low F = 52.7
| Jul avg record low F = 61.8
| Aug avg record low F = 60.3
| Sep avg record low F = 50.2
| Oct avg record low F = 38.4
| Nov avg record low F = 27.7
| Dec avg record low F = 18.0
| year avg record low F = 7.7<!-- Note: the yearly data does NOT necessarily reflect the lowest temperature in any of the months. This refers to the yearly lowest temperature, that is, on average, the lowest temperature to be observed in a year. -->
<!-- Record low temperatures -->
<!-- Note that record temperatures should only be used when the data period is of the greatest length possible. -->
| Jan record low F = -2
| Feb record low F = -1
| Mar record low F = 11
| Apr record low F = 23
| May record low F = 34
| Jun record low F = 49
| Jul record low F = 56
| Aug record low F = 56
| Sep record low F = 43
| Oct record low F = 32
| Nov record low F = 15
| Dec record low F = 9
| year record low F =
<!-- Minimum wind chill -->
| Jan chill =
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<!-- Total precipitation, this should include rain and snow. -->
| precipitation colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green precipitation colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. -->
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<!-- Rainfall -->
| rain colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green rainfall colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. -->
| Jan rain inch =
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<!-- Snowfall -->
<!-- IMPORTANT: Do NOT use snow depth information in the snowfall area! These are 2 different kinds of data! -->
| snow colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green snowfall colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. -->
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| snow depth colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green snowfall colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. -->
| Jan snow depth inch =
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<!-- Average number of precipitation days -->
| unit precipitation days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.1 in, 0.01 in. -->
| precip days colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green colours, "pastel" for pastel colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. Affects rain and snow days as well -->
| Jan precipitation days =
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<!-- Average number of rainy days -->
| unit rain days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.1 in, 0.01 in. -->
| Jan rain days =
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<!-- Average number of snowy days -->
| unit snow days = <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.1 in, 0.01 in. -->
| Jan snow days =
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<!-- Average daily % humidity -->
<!-- If entering the average daily % humidity, then the humidex table should be used. -->
| humidity colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green humidity colors, "pastel" for pastel humidity colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue coloring. Affects afternoon % humidity as well -->
| time day = <!-- The time of day the humidity was measured at. Affects afternoon % humidity as well -->
| daily = <!-- Enter "Y" if the humidity is for the entire day. Affects afternoon % humidity as well -->
| Jan humidity =
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| year humidity =
<!-- Average afternoon % humidity -->
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| Jan afthumidity =
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<!-- Average dew point-->
| Jan dew point F =
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<!-- Average monthly sunshine hours, monthly totals are preferred, and will produce colours, but percentages are accepted.-->
| Jan sun =
| Feb sun = <!-- For February only if the source gives daily hours, please multiply by 28.25, not 28 -->
| Mar sun =
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| year sun =
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<!-- Average daylight hours, including cloudy hours. -->
| Jan light =
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<!-- Average percent of possible sunshine. Number of daylight hours already factored into this number. Note that since this is possible sunshine, nighttime hours should not be included in this calculation. Will produce colours. -->
| Jan percentsun =
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<!-- Average daily UV index -->
| Jan uv =
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<!-- Mandatory fields, source -->
| source = <ref name="">{{cite web |url= |title= |publisher= |access-date=March 11, 2021 }}</ref>
<!-- For a second source -->
| source 2 = <ref name="">{{cite web |url= |title= |publisher= |access-date=March 11, 2021 }}</ref>
}}<!-- Infobox ends -->

{{Queens airports weatherbox}}
{{Queens airports weatherbox}}

;Time series plot for Central Park, 1869&ndash;present
;Time series plot for Central Park, 1869&ndash;present
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
{{Graph:Weather monthly history

Revision as of 22:06, 12 March 2021

New York
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
3.7
 
 
38
27
 
 
3.1
 
 
42
29
 
 
4.4
 
 
50
35
 
 
4.5
 
 
61
45
 
 
4.2
 
 
71
54
 
 
4.4
 
 
79
64
 
 
4.6
 
 
84
69
 
 
4.4
 
 
83
68
 
 
4.3
 
 
75
61
 
 
4.4
 
 
64
50
 
 
4
 
 
54
42
 
 
4
 
 
43
32
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: "New York City Weatherbox NOAA"
Metric conversion
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
93
 
 
4
−3
 
 
78
 
 
5
−2
 
 
111
 
 
10
2
 
 
114
 
 
16
7
 
 
106
 
 
22
12
 
 
112
 
 
26
18
 
 
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29
20
 
 
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20
 
 
109
 
 
24
16
 
 
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18
10
 
 
102
 
 
12
5
 
 
102
 
 
6
0
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Deep snow in Brooklyn during the Blizzard of 2006 Nor'easter

The climate of New York City features a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), with parts of the city transitioning into a humid continental climate. (Dfa)[1] This gives the city cold, wet winters and hot, humid summers with plentiful rainfall all year round. Meteorological records have been kept at Central Park since 1821, although the station was relocated to a different part of the park on January 1, 1920.[2] There are also other weather stations in the area including one at LaGuardia Airport, beginning in 1940, and at JFK Airport, beginning in 1948. However, due to Central Park's long records and central location, it is often considered the main station for the city. Hence, all records unless otherwise stated will be for this station.

The highest temperature ever observed in New York City is 106 °F (41 °C) on July 9, 1936 and the lowest is −15 °F (−26 °C) on February 9, 1934. The lowest daily maximum is 2 °F (−17 °C) on 30 December 1917 at Central Park. The highest daily minimum at Central Park is 87 °F (31 °C) on July 2, 1903. [3] However, LaGuardia reported 107 °F (42 °C) on July 7, 1966.

The city can be prone to extremes. Snowfall is now a rare occurrence in the city, on average occurring on only 12 days per year, and it is infrequently heavy. Thunderstorms are also an occasional, on average occurring on 11 days per year.[4] The city can also be prone to strong winds, being a coastal location it is exposed to the Atlantic. This can be especially pronounced during the autumn and winter months, with a gust of 78 miles per hour (126 km/h) being reported on December 2, 1974.[5]

Classifications

Union Square in autumn

As a result of the city sitting in transitional zones, its climate can be characterised by more than one classification.

New York City Climate according to major climate systems
Climatic scheme Initials Description
Köppen system[6] Cfa humid subtropical climate
Trewartha system[7] Template:Forest Temperate oceanic climate
Alisov system[8] — Temperate climate[a]
Strahler system[9] — Moist continental climate
Thornthwaite system[10]
C2 B'1
 Moist subhumid
Neef system[11] — Temperate climate

In the Holdridge life zones system, having a mean annual biotemperature above 53.6 °F (12 °C) and mean annual precipitation above 39.4 inches (1,000 mm), New York City features a warm temperate moist forest climate.[12]

Temperature

The city's regime of temperature features large seasonal swings, with 4 distinct seasons. However, due to its proximity to the Atlantic ocean, these swings are less significant than areas further inland. The Atlantic serves as a moderator of the temperature meaning the city is milder than areas inland during the winter and cooler during the summer. Although, being on the east coast, this effect is less pronounced. All extremes are for the Central Park station.

Averages

In an average year, the temperature will usually be between 7 °F (−14 °C) and 97 °F (36 °C) with temperatures exceeding these values being uncommon. Temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) and below 0 °F (−18 °C) are very rare, with the last occurrences being July 18, 2012 and February 14, 2016, respectively. [13]

Climate data for New York (Belvedere Castle, Central Park), 1981–2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean maximum °F (°C) 59.6
(15.3) 		60.7
(15.9) 		71.5
(21.9) 		83.0
(28.3) 		88.0
(31.1) 		92.3
(33.5) 		95.4
(35.2) 		93.7
(34.3) 		88.5
(31.4) 		78.8
(26.0) 		71.3
(21.8) 		62.2
(16.8) 		97.0
(36.1)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 38.3
(3.5) 		41.6
(5.3) 		49.7
(9.8) 		61.2
(16.2) 		70.8
(21.6) 		79.3
(26.3) 		84.1
(28.9) 		82.6
(28.1) 		75.2
(24.0) 		63.8
(17.7) 		53.8
(12.1) 		43.0
(6.1) 		62.0
(16.7)
Daily mean °F (°C) 32.6
(0.3) 		35.3
(1.8) 		42.5
(5.8) 		53.0
(11.7) 		62.4
(16.9) 		71.5
(21.9) 		76.5
(24.7) 		75.2
(24.0) 		68.0
(20.0) 		56.9
(13.8) 		47.7
(8.7) 		37.5
(3.1) 		55.0
(12.8)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 26.9
(−2.8) 		28.9
(−1.7) 		35.2
(1.8) 		44.8
(7.1) 		54.0
(12.2) 		63.6
(17.6) 		68.8
(20.4) 		67.8
(19.9) 		60.8
(16.0) 		50.0
(10.0) 		41.6
(5.3) 		32.0
(0.0) 		48.0
(8.9)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 9.2
(−12.7) 		12.8
(−10.7) 		18.5
(−7.5) 		32.3
(0.2) 		43.5
(6.4) 		52.9
(11.6) 		60.3
(15.7) 		58.8
(14.9) 		48.6
(9.2) 		38.0
(3.3) 		27.7
(−2.4) 		15.6
(−9.1) 		7.0
(−13.9)
Source: NOAA [14]
Climate data for New York (Central Park), 1822–1871 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Daily mean °F (°C) 29.8
(−1.2) 		30.4
(−0.9) 		38.1
(3.4) 		48.7
(9.3) 		59.2
(15.1) 		69.3
(20.7) 		74.8
(23.8) 		73.2
(22.9) 		65.7
(18.7) 		54.5
(12.5) 		43.5
(6.4) 		33.3
(0.7) 		51.6
(10.9)
Source: [15]

Highest daily temperatures

Daily record warm minima

Highest averages

Precipitation

Snow at Central Park during the winter in 2011.

The city sees frequent, heavy rainfall which averages 49.9 in (1,267 mm) annually, with spring being the wettest season and February the driest month. Every single month in the cities recorded history has reported some rainfall, alerting the variability of the climate. Further highlighting the city's variability of weather is the record of only 36 consecutive days without precipitation, between October 10 and November 13, 1924. The city also sees snow, primarily in winter, but sometimes in the late autumn and early spring. Snowfall averages 25.8 in (65.5 cm) per year but is highly variably between winter seasons.[18] The most rainfall in 24 hours was 8.28 in (210.3 mm) on September 23, 1882 and the most snowfall was 27.3 in (69 cm) on January 23, 2016.[19]

Averages

Climate data for New York (Belvedere Castle, Central Park), 1981–2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.65
(93) 		3.09
(78) 		4.36
(111) 		4.50
(114) 		4.19
(106) 		4.41
(112) 		4.60
(117) 		4.44
(113) 		4.28
(109) 		4.40
(112) 		4.02
(102) 		4.00
(102) 		49.94
(1,268)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 7.0
(18) 		9.2
(23) 		3.9
(9.9) 		0.6
(1.5) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.3
(0.76) 		4.8
(12) 		25.8
(65.16)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.4 9.2 10.9 11.5 11.1 11.2 10.4 9.5 8.7 8.9 9.6 10.6 122.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 4.0 2.8 1.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.3 11.4
Source: NOAA [20]

Rainfall Extremes

Snowfall

Other phenomena

Sunshine, UV and daylight

The city generally experiences sunny conditions, with cloudy days occurring infrequently, although they are more common in the city than inland areas. As a result of New York City's latitude, 40°42′46″N 74°00′22″W / 40.712740°N 74.005974°W / 40.712740; -74.005974, it is not subject to the extremes of daylight that places much farther north see.[22] However, it is far north enough for there to be a moderate change of possible daylight hours throughout the year.[23]

Climate data for New York (Belvedere Castle, Central Park)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean monthly sunshine hours 162.7 163.1 212.5 225.6 256.6 257.3 268.2 268.2 219.3 211.2 151.0 139.0 2,534.7
Mean daily daylight hours 9.7 10.7 12.0 13.3 14.5 15.1 14.7 13.7 12.4 11.1 9.9 9.3 12.2
Percent possible sunshine 54 55 57 57 57 57 59 63 59 61 51 48 57
Average ultraviolet index 2 3 4 6 7 8 8 8 6 4 2 1 5
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[24]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[23]

Wind

The wind is seldom strong in New York City but can occasionally be noticeable. This is especially true in the autumn and winter seasons when extratropical depressions often bring strong winds. The strongest gust in Central Park, of 78 miles per hour (126 km/h), occurred on December 2, 1974 however, a station at The Battery reported a gust of 113 miles per hour (182 km/h) on October 14, 1954. [25] However, tropical storms can sometimes affect the area, although they are infrequent and usually weak. Most recently Hurricane Sandy struck the city on October 29, 2012 causing billions of dollars in damage. It resulted in loss of power, severe flooding and many residents being displaced.[26]

Climate change

Main article: Climate change in New York City
The Queens–Midtown Tunnel is seen flooded in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.
Queens–Midtown Tunnel after flooding caused by Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012. Climate change means events like this will become more likely.

Being a coastal city, New York City is expected to experience significant affects from rising sea levels. Predictions that the sea level will rise by as much as 6 feet (1.8 m) by 2100 have prompted the city's mayor to invest $10 million dollars into keeping the city safe.[27] The city is also expected to become more susceptible to storm surges and flooding, meaning events like Hurricane Sandy's impacts will become more likely in the future.

Temperature

The temperature in New York City has generally increased steadily of the last 150 years and this trend is expected to continue due to anthropogenic warming. By 2080, it is predicted that the climate of the city will be similar to southern Kansas. The mean temperature has risen by 2.4 °F (1.3 °C) since the 1970s and this warming is expected to accelerate in the coming decades.[28][29]

Precipitation

Precipitation in the city has significantly increased since 2000; both rainfall and snowfall have risen, but snowfall has increased much more significantly. However, it is argued that such trends, being so recent, are impossible to predict whether such increases will continue or become steadier. [30]

Recent data

Climate data for New York (Belvedere Castle, Central Park), 2010-2019 normals and extremes
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 69
(21) 		78
(26) 		79
(26) 		92
(33) 		92
(33) 		95
(35) 		104
(40) 		96
(36) 		96
(36) 		93
(34) 		75
(24) 		71
(22) 		104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 59.2
(15.1) 		60.3
(15.7) 		70.2
(21.2) 		83.3
(28.5) 		89.6
(32.0) 		91.9
(33.3) 		97.3
(36.3) 		92.8
(33.8) 		92.1
(33.4) 		81.9
(27.7) 		70.3
(21.3) 		63.2
(17.3) 		97.5
(36.4)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 39.1
(3.9) 		42.3
(5.7) 		50.1
(10.1) 		62.6
(17.0) 		72.5
(22.5) 		80.0
(26.7) 		86.4
(30.2) 		83.8
(28.8) 		77.8
(25.4) 		65.8
(18.8) 		53.6
(12.0) 		45.3
(7.4) 		63.3
(17.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 26.9
(−2.8) 		29.1
(−1.6) 		35.4
(1.9) 		45.8
(7.7) 		56.1
(13.4) 		64.3
(17.9) 		71.1
(21.7) 		69.1
(20.6) 		63.3
(17.4) 		52.6
(11.4) 		40.8
(4.9) 		34.6
(1.4) 		49.1
(9.5)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 8.8
(−12.9) 		12.5
(−10.8) 		22.0
(−5.6) 		33.7
(0.9) 		45.2
(7.3) 		53.0
(11.7) 		62.8
(17.1) 		61.1
(16.2) 		52.7
(11.5) 		39.1
(3.9) 		27.5
(−2.5) 		21.2
(−6.0) 		6.6
(−14.1)
Record low °F (°C) 2
(−17) 		−1
(−18) 		12
(−11) 		26
(−3) 		34
(1) 		50
(10) 		61
(16) 		59
(15) 		47
(8) 		33
(1) 		15
(−9) 		9
(−13) 		−1
(−18)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.60
(91) 		3.92
(100) 		4.46
(113) 		3.82
(97) 		4.82
(122) 		4.36
(111) 		4.67
(119) 		5.10
(130) 		3.68
(93) 		4.20
(107) 		3.32
(84) 		4.74
(120) 		50.69
(1,287)
Average snowfall inches (mm) 12.9
(330) 		11.8
(300) 		6.0
(150) 		0.6
(15) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.3
(7.6) 		1.1
(28) 		4.4
(110) 		37.1
(940.6)
Average precipitation days 9.9 11.1 9.9 11.1 12.0 11.3 10.3 10.5 8.1 9.9 8.8 12.3 125.2
Average snowy days 3.9 3.9 2.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 1.9 12.3
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990; dew point 1965–1984)
Source 2: Weather Atlas

Station data

Climate data for New York (Belvedere Castle, Central Park), 1991–2020 normals,[k] extremes 1869–present[l]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 72
(22) 		78
(26) 		86
(30) 		96
(36) 		99
(37) 		101
(38) 		106
(41) 		104
(40) 		102
(39) 		94
(34) 		84
(29) 		75
(24) 		106
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 60.4
(15.8) 		60.7
(15.9) 		70.3
(21.3) 		82.9
(28.3) 		88.5
(31.4) 		92.1
(33.4) 		95.7
(35.4) 		93.4
(34.1) 		89.0
(31.7) 		79.7
(26.5) 		70.7
(21.5) 		62.9
(17.2) 		97.0
(36.1)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 39.5
(4.2) 		42.2
(5.7) 		49.9
(9.9) 		61.8
(16.6) 		71.4
(21.9) 		79.7
(26.5) 		84.9
(29.4) 		83.3
(28.5) 		76.2
(24.6) 		64.5
(18.1) 		54.0
(12.2) 		44.3
(6.8) 		62.6
(17.0)
Daily mean °F (°C) 33.7
(0.9) 		35.9
(2.2) 		42.8
(6.0) 		53.7
(12.1) 		63.2
(17.3) 		72.0
(22.2) 		77.5
(25.3) 		76.1
(24.5) 		69.2
(20.7) 		57.9
(14.4) 		48.0
(8.9) 		39.1
(3.9) 		55.8
(13.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 27.9
(−2.3) 		29.5
(−1.4) 		35.8
(2.1) 		45.5
(7.5) 		55.0
(12.8) 		64.4
(18.0) 		70.1
(21.2) 		68.9
(20.5) 		62.3
(16.8) 		51.4
(10.8) 		42.0
(5.6) 		33.8
(1.0) 		48.9
(9.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 9.8
(−12.3) 		12.7
(−10.7) 		19.7
(−6.8) 		32.8
(0.4) 		43.9
(6.6) 		52.7
(11.5) 		61.8
(16.6) 		60.3
(15.7) 		50.2
(10.1) 		38.4
(3.6) 		27.7
(−2.4) 		18.0
(−7.8) 		7.7
(−13.5)
Record low °F (°C) −6
(−21) 		−15
(−26) 		3
(−16) 		12
(−11) 		32
(0) 		44
(7) 		52
(11) 		50
(10) 		39
(4) 		28
(−2) 		5
(−15) 		−13
(−25) 		−15
(−26)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.64
(92) 		3.19
(81) 		4.29
(109) 		4.09
(104) 		3.96
(101) 		4.54
(115) 		4.60
(117) 		4.56
(116) 		4.31
(109) 		4.38
(111) 		3.58
(91) 		4.38
(111) 		49.52
(1,258)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 8.8
(22) 		10.1
(26) 		5.0
(13) 		0.4
(1.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.5
(1.3) 		4.9
(12) 		29.8
(76)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.8 10.0 11.1 11.4 11.5 11.2 10.5 10.0 8.8 9.5 9.2 11.4 125.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 3.7 3.2 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.1 11.4
Average relative humidity (%) 61.5 60.2 58.5 55.3 62.7 65.2 64.2 66.0 67.8 65.6 64.6 64.1 63.0
Average dew point °F (°C) 18.0
(−7.8) 		19.0
(−7.2) 		25.9
(−3.4) 		34.0
(1.1) 		47.3
(8.5) 		57.4
(14.1) 		61.9
(16.6) 		62.1
(16.7) 		55.6
(13.1) 		44.1
(6.7) 		34.0
(1.1) 		24.6
(−4.1) 		40.3
(4.6)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 162.7 163.1 212.5 225.6 256.6 257.3 268.2 268.2 219.3 211.2 151.0 139.0 2,534.7
Percent possible sunshine 54 55 57 57 57 57 59 63 59 61 51 48 57
Average ultraviolet index 2 3 4 6 7 8 8 8 6 4 2 1 5
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990; dew point 1965–1984)[32][33][34]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[23].
Sea temperature data for New York[23]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea
temperature °F (°C) 		41.7
(5.4) 		39.7
(4.3) 		40.2
(4.5) 		45.1
(7.3) 		52.5
(11.4) 		64.5
(18.1) 		72.1
(22.3) 		74.1
(23.4) 		70.1
(21.2) 		63.0
(17.2) 		54.3
(12.4) 		47.2
(8.4) 		55.4
(13.0)


Climate data for New York (Belvedere Castle, Central Park), 1991-2020 normals and extremes
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 72
(22) 		78
(26) 		86
(30) 		96
(36) 		96
(36) 		98
(37) 		104
(40) 		103
(39) 		96
(36) 		93
(34) 		80
(27) 		75
(24) 		104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 60.4
(15.8) 		60.7
(15.9) 		70.3
(21.3) 		82.9
(28.3) 		88.5
(31.4) 		92.1
(33.4) 		95.7
(35.4) 		93.4
(34.1) 		89.0
(31.7) 		79.7
(26.5) 		70.7
(21.5) 		62.9
(17.2) 		97.0
(36.1)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 39.7
(4.3) 		42.5
(5.8) 		50.2
(10.1) 		62.0
(16.7) 		71.7
(22.1) 		79.9
(26.6) 		85.1
(29.5) 		83.5
(28.6) 		76.4
(24.7) 		64.7
(18.2) 		54.3
(12.4) 		44.6
(7.0) 		62.9
(17.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 27.4
(−2.6) 		29.0
(−1.7) 		35.3
(1.8) 		45.0
(7.2) 		54.5
(12.5) 		63.9
(17.7) 		69.6
(20.9) 		68.4
(20.2) 		61.8
(16.6) 		50.9
(10.5) 		41.5
(5.3) 		33.3
(0.7) 		48.4
(9.1)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 9.8
(−12.3) 		12.7
(−10.7) 		20.0
(−6.7) 		32.8
(0.4) 		43.9
(6.6) 		52.7
(11.5) 		61.8
(16.6) 		60.3
(15.7) 		50.2
(10.1) 		38.4
(3.6) 		27.7
(−2.4) 		18.0
(−7.8) 		7.7
(−13.5)
Record low °F (°C) −2
(−19) 		−1
(−18) 		11
(−12) 		23
(−5) 		34
(1) 		49
(9) 		56
(13) 		56
(13) 		43
(6) 		32
(0) 		15
(−9) 		9
(−13) 		−2
(−19)
Source 1: [35]
Source 2: [36]


Climate data for JFK Airport, New York (1991–2020 normals,[m] extremes 1948–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 71
(22) 		71
(22) 		85
(29) 		90
(32) 		99
(37) 		99
(37) 		104
(40) 		101
(38) 		98
(37) 		95
(35) 		80
(27) 		75
(24) 		104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 57.7
(14.3) 		58.3
(14.6) 		67.5
(19.7) 		77.9
(25.5) 		85.6
(29.8) 		92.4
(33.6) 		95.2
(35.1) 		91.9
(33.3) 		87.9
(31.1) 		79.7
(26.5) 		68.9
(20.5) 		60.6
(15.9) 		96.8
(36.0)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 39.5
(4.2) 		41.7
(5.4) 		48.7
(9.3) 		58.8
(14.9) 		68.4
(20.2) 		78.0
(25.6) 		83.6
(28.7) 		82.2
(27.9) 		75.8
(24.3) 		64.7
(18.2) 		53.8
(12.1) 		44.5
(6.9) 		61.6
(16.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 32.8
(0.4) 		34.5
(1.4) 		41.1
(5.1) 		50.9
(10.5) 		60.5
(15.8) 		70.2
(21.2) 		76.1
(24.5) 		75.0
(23.9) 		68.4
(20.2) 		57.2
(14.0) 		46.8
(8.2) 		38.3
(3.5) 		54.3
(12.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 26.2
(−3.2) 		27.4
(−2.6) 		33.6
(0.9) 		42.9
(6.1) 		52.5
(11.4) 		62.4
(16.9) 		68.7
(20.4) 		67.8
(19.9) 		61.0
(16.1) 		49.8
(9.9) 		39.8
(4.3) 		32.0
(0.0) 		47.0
(8.3)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 10.2
(−12.1) 		13.3
(−10.4) 		20.2
(−6.6) 		32.6
(0.3) 		42.9
(6.1) 		52.6
(11.4) 		62.8
(17.1) 		60.1
(15.6) 		50.0
(10.0) 		37.9
(3.3) 		26.9
(−2.8) 		18.6
(−7.4) 		8.2
(−13.2)
Record low °F (°C) −2
(−19) 		−2
(−19) 		7
(−14) 		20
(−7) 		34
(1) 		45
(7) 		55
(13) 		46
(8) 		40
(4) 		30
(−1) 		15
(−9) 		2
(−17) 		−2
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.23
(82) 		2.76
(70) 		3.94
(100) 		3.55
(90) 		3.66
(93) 		3.85
(98) 		3.86
(98) 		4.11
(104) 		3.58
(91) 		3.72
(94) 		3.07
(78) 		3.96
(101) 		43.29
(1,100)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 7.5
(19) 		8.6
(22) 		4.3
(11) 		0.6
(1.5) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.4
(1.0) 		4.5
(11) 		25.9
(66)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch) 10.7 9.8 10.8 11.4 11.8 10.6 9.4 9.0 8.2 9.4 8.9 11.2 121.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 4.6 3.8 2.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.6 14.0
Average relative humidity (%) 64.9 64.4 63.4 64.1 69.5 71.5 71.4 71.7 71.9 69.1 67.9 66.3 68.0
Source: NOAA (relative humidity 1961–1990)[37][38][39]


Time series plot for Central Park, 1869–present

See or edit raw graph data.

Climate data for Brooklyn (1118 36th Street, Brooklyn, NY) 2015-2020 normals, extremes 2015-present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 68
(20) 		72
(22) 		78
(26) 		87
(31) 		92
(33) 		95
(35) 		98
(37) 		96
(36) 		95
(35) 		92
(33) 		78
(26) 		74
(23) 		98
(37)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 61.9
(16.6) 		62.6
(17.0) 		72.1
(22.3) 		81.0
(27.2) 		87.8
(31.0) 		91.0
(32.8) 		96.1
(35.6) 		93.9
(34.4) 		91.0
(32.8) 		81.5
(27.5) 		73.2
(22.9) 		62.9
(17.2) 		96.4
(35.8)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 40.3
(4.6) 		43.6
(6.4) 		49.9
(9.9) 		61.3
(16.3) 		71.3
(21.8) 		79.9
(26.6) 		86.0
(30.0) 		84.3
(29.1) 		78.4
(25.8) 		65.8
(18.8) 		55.2
(12.9) 		45.5
(7.5) 		63.5
(17.5)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 27.9
(−2.3) 		29.8
(−1.2) 		35.4
(1.9) 		45.4
(7.4) 		54.8
(12.7) 		64.3
(17.9) 		71.2
(21.8) 		70.1
(21.2) 		64.1
(17.8) 		52.6
(11.4) 		41.8
(5.4) 		34.6
(1.4) 		49.3
(9.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 10.1
(−12.2) 		10.3
(−12.1) 		20.3
(−6.5) 		32.9
(0.5) 		43.0
(6.1) 		51.4
(10.8) 		62.8
(17.1) 		61.0
(16.1) 		53.0
(11.7) 		38.0
(3.3) 		25.3
(−3.7) 		19.2
(−7.1) 		8.0
(−13.3)
Record low °F (°C) 2
(−17) 		3
(−16) 		12
(−11) 		26
(−3) 		33
(1) 		47
(8) 		59
(15) 		57
(14) 		48
(9) 		32
(0) 		17
(−8) 		11
(−12) 		2
(−17)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.68
(93) 		3.42
(87) 		4.03
(102) 		3.79
(96) 		4.14
(105) 		3.73
(95) 		5.35
(136) 		4.04
(103) 		3.24
(82) 		4.43
(113) 		3.68
(93) 		4.70
(119) 		48.23
(1,224)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 9.3
(24) 		6.8
(17) 		7.7
(20) 		1.0
(2.5) 		Trace 0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.9
(2.3) 		3.8
(9.7) 		29.5
(75.5)
Average precipitation days 10.1 10.9 11.4 12.7 12.9 11.4 11.1 11.0 8.1 9.9 9.4 12.3 131.2
Average snowy days 3.8 2.8 2.9 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.3 12.4
Average relative humidity (%) 61.8 60.1 58.3 57.6 63.0 64.6 65.5 65.9 65.0 65.8 64.4 64.8 63.1
Percent possible sunshine 53 55 56 58 58 57 59 60 60 59 53 46 56
[citation needed]

Jan record high : 68 F - Jan 11, 2020 Feb record high : 72 F - Feb 21, 2018 Mar record high : 78 F - Mar 10, 2016 Apr record high : 87 F - Apr 16, 2017 May record high : 92 F - May 28, 2016 Jun record high : 95 F - Jun 13, 2017 Jul record high : 98 F - Jul 1, 2018 Aug record high : 96 F - Aug 13, 2016 Sep record high : 95 F - Sep 8, 2015 Oct record high : 93 F - Oct 2, 2019 Nov record high : 78 F - Nov 8, 2020 Dec record high : 74 F - Dec 24, 2015

Jan record low : 2 F - Jan 31, 2019 Feb record low : 3 F - Feb 14, 2016 Mar record low : 12 F - Mar 6, 2015 Apr record low : 26 F - Apr 5, 2016 May record low : 33 F - May 9, 2020 Jun record low : 47 F - Jun 2, 2015 Jul record low : 59 F - Jul 25, 2017 Aug record low : 57 F - Aug 29, 2017 Sep record low : 48 F - Sep 20, 2020 Oct record low : 32 F - Oct 31, 2020 Nov record low : 17 F - Nov 23, 2018 Dec record low : 11 F - Dec 31, 2017

Notes

  1. ^ Mid-latitude temperate maritime climate
  2. ^ Before official records began, the mean temperature of July 1999 equalled the mean temperature of July 1825.[17]
  3. ^ Before official records began, the mean temperature of January 1857 was 19.6 °F (−6.9 °C), beating the record from January 1918 as well as being the coldest month of any kind ever recorded. [17]
  4. ^ Before official records began, the mean temperature of May 1917 was equalled by May 1850. [17]
  5. ^ Before official records began, the mean temperature of June 1836 was 62.2 °F (16.8 °C), beating the record from June 1903. The mean temperature of June 1903 was also beaten by June 1839, with a mean temperature of 63.3 °F (17.4 °C). [17]
  6. ^ Before official records began, the mean temperature of July 1837 was 69.4 °F (20.8 °C), beating the record from July 1888.[17]
  7. ^ Before official records began, the mean temperature of August 1836 was 67.8 °F (19.9 °C), beating the record from August 1927. The mean temperature of August 1927 was also beaten by August 1866, with a mean temperature of 68.4 °F (20.2 °C). The mean temperature of August 1927 was also equalled by August 1837. [17]
  8. ^ Before official records began, the mean temperature of September 1835 was 60.6 °F (15.9 °C), beating the record from September 1871.[17]
  9. ^ Before official records began, the mean temperature of October 1836 was 45.8 °F (7.7 °C), beating the record from October 1888.[17]
  10. ^ Before official records began, the mean temperature of December 1831 was 22.3 °F (−5.4 °C), beating the record from December 1876.[17]
  11. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020
  12. ^ Official weather observations for Central Park were conducted at the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street from 1869 to 1919, and at Belvedere Castle since 1919.[31]
  13. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.

References

  1. ^ Peel, M.C.; Finlayson, B.L. "World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification". The University of Melbourne. Archived from the original on January 13, 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  2. ^ "Station Data Inventory, Access & History". NOAA. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
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  29. ^ https://www.dec.ny.gov/energy/94702.html#:~:text=The%20annual%20average%20temperature%20statewide,northern%20parts%20of%20New%20York.
  30. ^ https://newyorkyimby.com/2017/12/why-new-york-citys-rapidly-rising-snowfall-totals-are-no-holiday-miracle.html
  31. ^ Belvedere Castle at NYC Parks
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  35. ^ {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)
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  39. ^ "New York/JFK, NY Climate Normals 1961−1990". NOAA. Retrieved March 23, 2014.


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