Hurricane Irene: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Maryland: wikilink gov
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 61: Line 61:


===Bahamas===
===Bahamas===
Some islands of the Bahamas experienced extensive damage.<ref name="wsjaug25" /> Dozens of homes were destroyed on [[Acklins|Acklins Island]], and at least 40 homes were damaged on [[Mayaguana|Mayaguana Island]]. In addition, winds tore off the roof and blew the windows out of a high school on [[Crooked Island, Bahamas|Crooked Island]]. Also on Crooked Island, wind gusts as high as 99 mph (159 km/h) were reported.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-14641567|title=Hurricane Irene hammers Bahamas islands|date=2011-08-25|publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>
Some islands of the Bahamas experienced extensive damage.<ref name="wsjaug25" /> Dozens of homes were destroyed on [[Acklins|Acklins Island]], and at least 40 homes were damaged on [[Mayaguana|Mayaguana Island]].<ref name="msnbcaug25" /> In addition, winds tore off the roof and blew the windows out of a high school on [[Crooked Island, Bahamas|Crooked Island]]. Also on Crooked Island, wind gusts as high as 99 mph (159 km/h) were reported.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-14641567|title=Hurricane Irene hammers Bahamas islands|date=2011-08-25|publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref> [[Lovely Bay]] was reported to have be completely destroyed.<ref name="msnbcaug25">{{cite web|title=More flee ahead of Irene as track forecast shifts|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44270712/ns/weather/|publisher=''[[MSNBC]]''|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>


===United States===
===United States===
Line 68: Line 68:


====The Carolinas====
====The Carolinas====
On August 23, a mandatory evacuation order was issued at 5 a.m. for [[Ocracoke Island, North Carolina|Ocracoke Island]] and [[Hyde County, North Carolina]] and Emergency Management already on standby in [[Charleston County, South Carolina|Charleston]] and [[Dorchester County, South Carolina|Dorchester]] counties in [[South Carolina]].<ref name="wsj1" /><ref name="cnnaug22">{{cite web|title=FEMA: Entire east coast should prepare for Hurricane Irene|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/americas/08/23/tropical.weather/|publisher=[[CNN]]|accessdate=2011-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=BREAKING NEWS: Evacuation Orders For Ocracoke|url=http://www.witn.com/home/headlines/128251773.html|accessdate=23 August 2011|newspaper=WITN|date=August 23, 2011}}</ref> Hurricane watches and tropical storm watches were issued midday on August 25. A mandatory evacuation of all tourists for [[Dare County, North Carolina]] was issued on August 25.<ref name="wsjaug25" /> On August 25, Governor [[Beverly Perdue]] declared a state of emergency for the state of North Carolina. Governor Perdue also asked President [[Barack Obama]] to declare a federal emergency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wral.com/news/state/story/10043997/|title=NC governor declares state of emergency for Irene|coauthors=Associated Press|date=2011-08-25|publisher=[[WRAL-TV]]|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref> Also on August 25, [[Seymour Johnson Air Force Base]] planned to move jets to [[Barksdale Air Force Base]] in [[Louisiana]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44257921|title=Hurricane Irene has NC base ready to move jets |work=[[MSNBC]]|date=2011-08-24|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref>
On August 23, a mandatory evacuation order was issued at 5 a.m. for [[Ocracoke Island, North Carolina|Ocracoke Island]] and [[Hyde County, North Carolina]] and Emergency Management already on standby in [[Charleston County, South Carolina|Charleston]] and [[Dorchester County, South Carolina|Dorchester]] counties in [[South Carolina]].<ref name="wsj1" /><ref name="cnnaug22">{{cite web|title=FEMA: Entire east coast should prepare for Hurricane Irene|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/americas/08/23/tropical.weather/|publisher=[[CNN]]|accessdate=2011-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=BREAKING NEWS: Evacuation Orders For Ocracoke|url=http://www.witn.com/home/headlines/128251773.html|accessdate=23 August 2011|newspaper=WITN|date=August 23, 2011}}</ref> Hurricane watches and tropical storm watches were issued midday on August 25. A mandatory evacuation of all tourists for [[Dare County, North Carolina]] was issued on August 25.<ref name="wsjaug25" /> On August 25, Governor [[Beverly Perdue]] declared a state of emergency for the state of North Carolina. Governor Perdue also asked President [[Barack Obama]] to declare a federal emergency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wral.com/news/state/story/10043997/|title=NC governor declares state of emergency for Irene|coauthors=Associated Press|date=2011-08-25|publisher=[[WRAL-TV]]|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref> Also on August 25, [[Seymour Johnson Air Force Base]] planned to move jets to [[Barksdale Air Force Base]] in [[Louisiana]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44257921|title=Hurricane Irene has NC base ready to move jets |work=[[MSNBC]]|date=2011-08-24|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref> Starting at 1 p.m. on August 25, a mandatory evacuation was issued for all residents and visitors to [[Carteret County, North Carolina]].<ref name="carteretnc">{{cite web|title=Coastal NC's Carteret County Orders Evacuations|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=14380541|work=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=''[[ABC News]]''|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref> Four shelters will be set up at Carteret County's schools. Residents at the [[Bogue Banks]] are to evacuate starting 6 a.m. on August 26.<ref name="carteretnc" /> Tourists in [[Currituck County, North Carolina]] have been told to move inland.<ref name="msnbcaug25" />


====Virginia====
====Virginia====
Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell declared a state of emergency for Virginia in preparation for Irene's effects along the east coast of the state. As of August 25 dozens of vessels at the Norfolk and Newport News shipyards were in the process of evacuating or being prepared to weather the storm, including the carriers Enterprise, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, Theodore Roosevelt,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2011/08/navy-hurricane-irene-scatters-2nd-fleet-082511/|title=Ships flee Norfolk as Hurricane Irene nears|date=2011-08-25|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref> and the construction site of the Gerald R. Ford.
Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell declared a state of emergency for Virginia in preparation for Irene's effects along the east coast of the state. As of August 25 dozens of vessels at the Norfolk and Newport News shipyards were in the process of evacuating or being prepared to weather the storm, including the carriers Enterprise, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, Theodore Roosevelt,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2011/08/navy-hurricane-irene-scatters-2nd-fleet-082511/|title=Ships flee Norfolk as Hurricane Irene nears|date=2011-08-25|accessdate=2011-08-25}}</ref> and the construction site of the Gerald R. Ford. The [[United States Navy]] has ordered ships to leave.<ref name="msnbcaug25" />


====Maryland====
====Maryland====

Revision as of 18:37, 25 August 2011

For other storms of the same name, see Tropical Storm Irene.
Hurricane Irene
Current storm status
Category 3 hurricane (1-min mean)
File:Hurricane irene cat 3 25 aug 2011 0215 UTC.gif
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:2 p.m. EDT (1800 UTC) August 25
Location:26.5°N 77.2°W ± 15 nm
About 105 mi (170 km) N of Nassau, Bahamas
About 610 mi (980 km) S of Cape Hatteras, NC
Sustained winds:100 knots (115 mph; 185 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 120 knots (140 mph; 220 km/h)
Pressure:951 mbar (hPa; 28.08 inHg)
Movement:NNW at 12 kt (14 mph; 22 km/h)
See more detailed information.

Hurricane Irene is an active North Atlantic tropical cyclone that currently poses a significant threat to the Bahamas, the Atlantic Coast of the United States, and Atlantic Canada. The ninth named storm and first hurricane of the 2011 season, Irene developed from a well-defined Atlantic tropical wave, which showed signs of tropical development east of the Lesser Antilles. It developed atmospheric convection and a closed cyclonic circulation center, prompting the National Hurricane Center to initiate public advisories on the tropical cyclone late on August 20. Subsequent convective organization occurred as it passed the Leeward Islands, and by August 21 it moved very close to Saint Croix. The next day Irene made landfall near hurricane strength on Puerto Rico, where high winds and intermittent torrents caused moderate property damage. The hurricane strengthened as it passed into the southeast Bahamas, becoming a major hurricane on August 24.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On August 15, 2011, a tropical wave exited the African coast dropping into the Atlantic, characterized by distinct low-level cyclonic rotation and deep tropical moisture.[1] It remained well-defined while moving steadily westward for several days through the Cape Verde Islands, although at the time any notable convection occurred well to the southwest of its axis.[2] As the wave distanced itself from the islands, development of thunderstorms and showers in its proximity continued to remain scarce, and it became rather broad in appearance.[3] On August 19, the convective structure began to show signs of organization as the associated atmospheric pressure lowered, and with a progressively favorable environment situated ahead of the wave its chances of undergoing tropical cyclogenesis markedly increased.[4][5] The strong thunderstorm activity continued to become more pronounced around the main low-pressure feature; by August 20, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) noted that tropical cyclone formation was imminent as the wave neared the Lesser Antilles.[6] A reconnaissance aircraft confirmed the presence of a small surface circulation center just southwest of a burst of vigorous convection and unusually high sustained winds, which indicated sufficient organization for the low to be upgraded into Tropical Storm Irene at 2300 UTC that day.

Upon being classified, Irene was positioned about 190 mi (305 km) east of Dominica along weakening high pressure over the west-central Atlantic, inducing a roughly west-northwestward path for most of its journey through the eastern Caribbean.[7] Its mid-level circulation continued to become better established as hints of pronounced banding features curved north of the surface center.[8] On August 21, the surface center reformed closer to the deepest convection; furthermore, an anticyclone aloft provided supportive outflow over the cyclone. With the improved structure, as well as light wind shear and high sea surface temperatures, Irene was forecast to strengthen to near hurricane force prior to landfall in Hispaniola.[9][10] Over the subsequent day, Irene traced more northward than initially expected—while passing near the island of Saint Croix[11]—toward Puerto Rico, where it underwent a considerable increase in strength and organization.[12] Hours later, Irene moved ashore to the southeast near Punta Santiago, with estimated sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h).[13] Despite interaction with land, a ragged eye-like feature became evident on radar imagery; in addition, Doppler data indicated wind speeds in excess of hurricane force. Irene was accordingly upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane—the first of the annual season—just after its initial landfall.[14]

With the storm then situated just north of the mountainous coast of Hispaniola, the cyclone deepened only briefly after reemerging over water, and any additional organization during the rest of the day was gradual.[15][16] Although Irene briefly weakened on August 23,[17] it began to develop a distinct eye encircled by an area of deepening convection the next morning. Moving erratically through the southeast Bahamas over very warm waters,[18] Irene quickly expanded as its outflow aloft became very well established; the cyclone intensified into a Category 3 major hurricane within hours.[19] As of recently, the hurricane is sustaining winds of 195 km/h (120 mph), and it has a minimum central pressure of 951 mbar (28.11 inches).

Preparations and impact

In response to the formation of Irene, tropical storm warnings were issued for all of the Leeward Islands and Puerto Rico.[20] As Irene was forecast to make landfall on Hispaniola, a tropical storm watch was initially issued for the south coast of the Dominican Republic, though it was upgraded to a hurricane warning on August 21 after strengthening was forecast.[21] In light of the expected intensification to hurricane status, a tropical storm warning was also issued for the northern coast of that country, while a tropical storm watch was put in effect for all of Haiti; the tropical storm warning for Puerto Rico was simultaneously upgraded to a hurricane watch.[22] Later that day, all of the Dominican Republic was placed under a hurricane warning, with the tropical storm watch for Haiti upgraded to a warning and a tropical storm watch initiated for the southeastern Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands.[23] As Irene's forecast track became justified, the latter watch was upgraded to a warning on August 22, while a hurricane watch was declared for the central Bahamas.[24]

Fatalities by country
Country Deaths Missing
Puerto Rico 1 0
Dominican Republic 3 7
Total 4 7

Lesser Antilles

Following its path through the northeastern Caribbean, Irene spread tropical storm conditions across all of the Leeward Islands, causing overall little damage but flooding some low-lying areas.[25] To the south, strong thunderstorms and showers spread over Martinique, though most of the activity occurred prior to development into a tropical cyclone.[26] In spite of the center tracking just north of Guadeloupe's island Grande-Terre, the strongest effects were brought on by Irene's outer rainbands. Tropical storm-force winds generated brief rough seas, with peak wave heights of no more than 18 ft (5.6 m). Accompanying intermittent torrents swept through much of the territory, but overall rainfall was moderate; precipitation totals of between 3.1 and 4.7 in (80 and 120 mm) fell in Basse-Terre during the event.[27] Due to the storm conditions, LIAT was forced to suspend all of its flights in Antigua for early August 22.[28]

Passing near the British Virgin Islands while strengthening, Irene brought gusty winds and heavy precipitation to the territory; however, resultant property damage was minimal.[29] Intense lightning over Necker Island sparked a large fire in the private resort home of business magnate Richard Branson, although all of its guest occupants—including English celebrity Kate Winslet—were able to exit the building.[30] Prior to the storm's arrival in the neighboring U.S. Virgin Islands, authorities issued the closure of air- and seaports, as well as the preparation of public shelters. Irene crossed Saint Croix as a strong tropical storm on August 21, though relatively calm winds associated with the passage of its center were recorded over the island. To the north in Saint Thomas, storm conditions became progressively worse; sustained gale-force winds swept across the territory, with a gust of up to 68 mph (110 km/h) recorded at 2120 UTC. Upon impact, the winds and inclement weather caused scattered power outages across all islands.[31]

Puerto Rico

Image of Irene showing storm clouds covering part of the Dominican Republic and all of Puerto Rico.

Across Puerto Rico, heavy rains caused extensive damage to roads while hurricane-force winds toppled multiple trees and utility poles, leaving more than 1 million residences without power.[32][33][34] President Barack Obama declared a state of emergency.[35] About 121,000 customers were cut off from potable water service at the height of the storm, and islandwide at least 771 people had to take shelter.[33][36] At higher elevations, winds estimated by radar neared 111 mph (178 km/h). Several rivers overflowed their banks following torrential rains.[34][37] The Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan reported 2.85 in (72 mm) of rain in a 24-hour period, and winds at that location peaked at 41 mph (66 km/h) early on August 22.[38] The agricultural sector also suffered losses from the storm, particularly near the location of landfall. High winds uprooted crop plants, and several coffee and banana plantations sustained minor damage.[39] The most affected of the plantains were situated in Yabucoa and Manaubo, where severe flooding washed out copious amounts of banana crop.[40] The rains continued to fall for hours into the wake of the storm, prompting the issuance of flood watches.[41] In total, Irene affected over 1,500 people in Puerto Rico, and one driver was killed after their vehicle was caught in swollen currents.[42]

Although Irene moved ashore along the southern coast, only limited property damage was reported in the region. In Arroyo, the collapse of a retaining wall lead to the partial isolation of a neighborhood, and municipal structural damage from the rains totaled an estimated $2 million.[43] Relatively light rain and winds occurred in Ponce, though a mudslide along mountainous area briefly blocked one road.[44] Similar impact was noted across the western portion of the island, mostly as a consequence of intermittent heavy rain. Subsequent soil saturation triggered multiple landslides that affected several roads in the vicinity of Jayuya; the walls of a local home also succumbed to the rains. Elsewhere, downed trees obscured one local highway, and at least 47 people were accommodated in shelters. In San Sebastián, an electrician repairing dislodged wires suffered leg injuries after falling into a ravine.[45] Further north, much stronger winds buffeted the municipalities of Rincón and Aguadilla, which prompted about 80 residents to evacuate their homes and take shelter.[46]

Offshore near Culebra Island, a sailboat was reported sunken due to rough seas prior to landfall in mainland Puerto Rico. Gale-force winds felled fences and shattered windows, with a flying object piercing through one residence. A total of 46 locals sought refuge to ride out the storm, but one family required post-storm shelter after the roof to their home was lost.[47] On the island of Vieques, similar sustained winds of 51 mph (85 km/h) were recorded, as well as some gusts of up to 71 mph (115 km/h).[48] Some power and telephone service cutoffs were reported, and the island's airport halted its operations.[49]

Hispaniola

Skirting barely north past Hispaniola, the large storm produced gales and prolonged precipitation in the Dominican Republic, displacing over 31,900 people and leaving at least 85 communities isolated in its wake.[50] Accompanying storm surge affected roughly 200 homes and prompted evacuations along the northern coastlines.[51] The strongest winds also occurred in northern Cibao, where they felled multiple trees and toppled utility poles. Swollen rivers, creeks, and streams caused widespread residential flooding and damage to roads; saturated soil in the region triggered mudslides, causing additional disruptions.[52] Despite its distance, Irene produced extreme rainfall in southern parts of the country that led to many secondary effects. Resultant floods combined with two overflown rivers swept through much of San Cristóbal, causing one bridge to collapse under the rushing waters.[53] The flooding produced at least two drown victims in that area, both later confirmed dead. Elsewhere, another fatality occurred in Cambita Garabitos, and six others were listed as missing.[54] Heavy rainfall also occurred across La Altagracia Province, where one person in Higüey went missing and hundreds were evacuated. Most of the damage in the region occurred due to flooded rivers, with some agricultural losses reported.[55] In all, Irene affected at least 2,292 households according to preliminary reports, with 16 houses rendered beyond repair.[50] In Haiti, flooding also occurred, although damage was minor.[56]

Bahamas

Some islands of the Bahamas experienced extensive damage.[57] Dozens of homes were destroyed on Acklins Island, and at least 40 homes were damaged on Mayaguana Island.[58] In addition, winds tore off the roof and blew the windows out of a high school on Crooked Island. Also on Crooked Island, wind gusts as high as 99 mph (159 km/h) were reported.[59] Lovely Bay was reported to have be completely destroyed.[58]

United States

Florida

The outerbands of Hurricane Irene brushed Florida on August 25. Relatively light winds occurred, with the Lake Worth pier reporting a gust of 40 mph (65 km/h), and the Palm Beach International Airport recording a wind gust reaching 31 mph (50 km/h). Light rainfall also occurred in South Florida from the squalls produced by the outerbands of Irene. Florida Power & Light reported a few scattered power outages in South Florida. Irene also produced large waves on the east coast of Florida, which reached as high as 12 ft (3.7 m). Beach erosion was also reported, although it was not significant.[60]

The Carolinas

On August 23, a mandatory evacuation order was issued at 5 a.m. for Ocracoke Island and Hyde County, North Carolina and Emergency Management already on standby in Charleston and Dorchester counties in South Carolina.[32][61][62] Hurricane watches and tropical storm watches were issued midday on August 25. A mandatory evacuation of all tourists for Dare County, North Carolina was issued on August 25.[57] On August 25, Governor Beverly Perdue declared a state of emergency for the state of North Carolina. Governor Perdue also asked President Barack Obama to declare a federal emergency.[63] Also on August 25, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base planned to move jets to Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana.[64] Starting at 1 p.m. on August 25, a mandatory evacuation was issued for all residents and visitors to Carteret County, North Carolina.[65] Four shelters will be set up at Carteret County's schools. Residents at the Bogue Banks are to evacuate starting 6 a.m. on August 26.[65] Tourists in Currituck County, North Carolina have been told to move inland.[58]

Virginia

Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell declared a state of emergency for Virginia in preparation for Irene's effects along the east coast of the state. As of August 25 dozens of vessels at the Norfolk and Newport News shipyards were in the process of evacuating or being prepared to weather the storm, including the carriers Enterprise, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, Theodore Roosevelt,[66] and the construction site of the Gerald R. Ford. The United States Navy has ordered ships to leave.[58]

Maryland

On August 25, Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley declared a state of emergency in preparation for Hurricane Irene.[67]

The town of Ocean City initiated Phase One of their Emergency Plan, at 8:30 a.m. on August 25, which includes a mandatory evacuation order for international workforce students.[68][69] Phase Three of the Emergency Plan was instituted at 2 p.m., ordering a mandatory evacuation starting at Midnight August 25, for all residents, with the requirement that everyone be evacuated by 5 P.M. August 26.[70]

Salisbury University announced that campus will close at 5 p.m. August 26 through August 28, and students who moved in on August 25 should return home.[71][72]

Washington, D.C.

Amtrak service from Washington, D.C. southward was cancelled for August 26–28, 2011.[57] Maersk Line schedules were also modified to cope with Hurricane Irene.[57]

New Jersey

In New Jersey, Governor Chris Christie declared a state of emergency and is considering evacuations for the Jersey Shore.[73]

New York

In New York City, Mayor Michael Bloomberg is considering evacuations in low-lying portions of the city.[74] On August 25, he announced that the city would prepare to create an "an enormous shelter system" for residents without access to higher ground.[75]

New York governor Andrew Cuomo told the state's Office of Emergency Management to prepare for a possible landfall or direct hit from Hurricane Irene.[76]

Current storm information

Hurricane Warning
Hurricane conditions
expected within 36 hours.
  • Bahamas
    • Central and Northwestern Islands
Hurricane Watch
Hurricane conditions
possible within 48 hours.
Tropical Storm Watch
Tropical storm conditions possible within 48 hours.

As of 2 p.m. EDT (1800 UTC) August 25, Hurricane Irene is located within 15 nautical miles of 26°30′N 77°12′W / 26.5°N 77.2°W / 26.5; -77.2 (Irene), about 105 mi (170 km) north of Nassau, Bahamas and about 610 mi (980 km) south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Maximum sustained winds are 100 knots (115 mph, 185 km/h), with stronger gusts. Minimum central pressure is 951 mbar (hPa; 28.08 InHg), and the system is moving north-northwest at 12 kt (14 mph, 22 km/h).

Hurricane force winds extend up to 70 miles (110 km) from the center of Irene, and tropical storm force winds up to 290 miles (110 km) from the center.

For latest official information see:

See also

References

  1. ^ Walton, Corey (2011-08-15). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  2. ^ Walton, Corey (2011-08-15). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  3. ^ Cangialosi, John (2011-08-18). "Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  4. ^ Tichacek, Mike (2011-08-19). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  5. ^ Beven, Jack (2011-08-20). "Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  6. ^ Beven, Jack (2011-08-20). "Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  7. ^ Blake, Eric; Brennan, Michael (2011-08-20). "Tropical Storm Irene Discussion Number One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  8. ^ Blake, Eric; Brennan, Michael (2011-08-21). "Tropical Storm Irene Discussion Number Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  9. ^ Stewart, Stacy (2011-08-21). "Tropical Storm Irene Discussion Number Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  10. ^ Pasch, Richard (2011-08-21). "Tropical Storm Irene Discussion Number Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  11. ^ Brennan, Michael (2011-08-22). "Tropical Storm Irene Advisory Number Five A". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  12. ^ Brennan, Michael (2011-08-22). "Tropical Storm Irene Discussion Number Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  13. ^ Stewart, Stacy (2011-08-22). "Tropical Storm Irene Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  14. ^ Stewart, Stacy (2011-08-22). "Hurricane Irene Discussion Number Seven". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  15. ^ Avila, Lixion (2011-08-22). "title=Hurricane Irene Discussion Number Nine". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-24. {{cite web}}: Missing pipe in: |title= (help)
  16. ^ Brennan, Michael (2011-08-23). "Hurricane Irene Discussion Number Eleven". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  17. ^ Brown, Daniel (2011-08-23). "Hurricane Irene Discussion Number Fourteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  18. ^ Pasch, Richard; Kimberlain, Todd (2011-08-24). "Hurricane Irene Discussion Number Sixteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  19. ^ Brown, Daniel (2011-08-24). "Hurricane Irene Discussion Number Eighteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  20. ^ Brennan, Eric (2011-08-20). "Tropical Storm Irene Advisory Number One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21. {{cite web}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); More than one of |last1= and |last= specified (help)
  21. ^ Brennan, Eric (2011-08-21). "Tropical Storm Irene Advisory Number Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21. {{cite web}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); More than one of |last1= and |last= specified (help)
  22. ^ Stewart, Stacy (2011-08-21). "Tropical Storm Irene Advisory Number Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  23. ^ Pasch, Richard (2011-08-21). "Tropical Storm Irene Advisory Number Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  24. ^ Pasch, Richard (2011-08-21). "Tropical Storm Irene Advisory Number Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
  25. ^ Associated Press (2011-08-21). "Tropical Storm Irene barrels toward Puerto Rico". Fox News. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  26. ^ Template:Fr icon Staff writer (2011-08-22). "De fortes pluies orageuses cette nuite". Journal France-Antilles. France Antilles Martinique. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  27. ^ Template:Fr icon Staff writer (2011-08-22). "Retour au vert". Journal France-Antilles. France Antilles Guadeloupe. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  28. ^ CMC (2011-08-21). "Tropical Storm Irene forces LIAT to suspend services in and out of Antigua". Antigua Observer. Observer Publications Limited. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  29. ^ Staff reporter (2011-08-22). "Irene passes, no major damage reported". Virgin Islands News Online. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  30. ^ CNN Wire Staff (2011-08-2q). "Fire destroys private-island home of Virgin head Richard Branson". CNN. Retrieved 2011-08-23. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ Blackburn, Joy; Shea, Daniel (2011-08-22). "Irene's eye crosses St. Croix". The Virgin Islands Daily News. Times-Shamrock Communications. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  32. ^ a b Esterel, Mike. "Irene Could Threaten Entire East Coast, FEMA Says". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2011-08-23. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  33. ^ a b Template:Es icon Deutsche Presse-Agentur (2011-08-22). "Huracán "Irene" deja daños a su paso por Puerto Rico". El Regional del Zulia. El Regional del Zulia C.A. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  34. ^ a b Coto, Danica (2011-08-22). "Hurricane Irene slams Puerto Rico; could hit US". Forbes. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  35. ^ Boyle, Christina. "Category two storm Hurricane Irene on track to hit Florida, Georgia and Carolinas by the weekend". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2011-08-23. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  36. ^ Template:Es icon Alvarado, Gerardo (2011-08-22). "Sin servicio de agua potable más de cien mil abonados". El Nuevo Día. Grupo Ferré-Rangel. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  37. ^ Stewart, Stacy (2011-08-22). "Hurricane Irene Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  38. ^ "Current Weather Conditions: San Juan, Luis Munoz Marin International Airport, PR, United States". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011-08-22. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  39. ^ Martínez, Andrea (2011-08-22). "Reporte preliminar de daños en la agricultura". El Nuevo Día. Grupo Ferré-Rangel. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  40. ^ Template:Es icon González, Joanisabel (2011-08-23). "Azote a las siembras en Maunabo y Yabucoa". El Nuevo Día. Grupo Ferré-Rangel. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  41. ^ Template:Es icon Cabiya, Yanira H. (2011-08-22). "Se esperan unas 4 pulgadas más de lluvia en todo Puerto Rico". El Nuevo Día. Grupo Ferré-Rangel. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  42. ^ Template:Es icon Staff; AFP (2011-08-23). "Huracán Irene en Puerto Rico deja al menos un muerto y mil 500 damnificados". TeleSUR. Retrieved 2011-08-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  43. ^ Template:Es icon Staff writer (2011-08-23). "Se derrumba muro y deja a comunidad sin carretera en Arroyo". El Nuevo Día. Grupo Ferré-Rangel. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  44. ^ Template:Es icon Banuchi, Rebecca (2011-08-22). "Poco daño en la región sur". El Nuevo Día. Grupo Ferré-Rangel. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  45. ^ Template:Es icon Román, Miguel D. (2011-08-22). "Torrencial lluvia en despedida de huracán Irene por región oeste de Puerto Rico". El Nuevo Día. Grupo Ferré-Rangel. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  46. ^ Template:Es icon Román, Miguel D. (2011-08-22). "Reportan fuertes vientos en Rincón y Base Ramey". El Nuevo Día. Grupo Ferré-Rangel. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  47. ^ Template:Es icon Sánchez, Israel R. (2011-08-22). "Un velero hundido y destrozos en residencias deja el huracán Irene en su paso por Culebra". El Nuevo Día. Grupo Ferré-Rangel. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  48. ^ Stewart, Stacy (2011-08-22). "Tropical Storm Irene Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  49. ^ Template:Es icon Bartolomei, Natalia R. (2011-08-23). "Azotó duro a Vieques". El Nuevo Día. Grupo Ferré-Rangel. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  50. ^ a b Template:Es icon Redacción (2011-08-24). "Hay 31,900 desplazados y 85 comunidades aisladas". Diario @ Diario. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  51. ^ Template:Es icon Redacción (2011-08-24). "Desplazados superan los 12 mil; hay 25 comunidades aisladas". Diario @ Diario. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  52. ^ Gilbert, Manuel; Santana, Ricardo (2011-08-23). "Irene deja daños en costa norte". Listín Diario. Listín Diario. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  53. ^ Template:Es icon Staff writer (2011-08-24). "Lluvias causan muertes y destruyen puentes en el Sur". Periódico 7 Días. Fundación Macroeconodata. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  54. ^ Template:Es icon Urbáez, Ramón; Thomas, José A.; Corporan, Carlos (2011-08-24). "Hay tres muertos, 31 mil 900 personas desplazadas y daños diversos por Irene". Almomento.net. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  55. ^ Template:Es icon Vega, Manuel A. (2011-08-24). "Una persona desaparecida y 45 comunidades incomunicadas dejó Irene región Este". Primicias. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  56. ^ "Haiti escapes serious damage from Hurricane Irene, UN reports". UN News Centre. 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  57. ^ a b c d Campo-Flores, Bauerlein, and Esterel, Arian, Valerie, and Mike. "U.S. East Coast Braces as Irene Batters Bahamas". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2011-08-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  58. ^ a b c d "More flee ahead of Irene as track forecast shifts". MSNBC. Retrieved 2011-08-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  59. ^ "Hurricane Irene hammers Bahamas islands". BBC News. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  60. ^ Glazer, Glenn (2011-08-25). "Scattered rain, wind gusts hit South Florida as Irene plows through Bahamas". WPTV-TV. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  61. ^ "FEMA: Entire east coast should prepare for Hurricane Irene". CNN. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  62. ^ "BREAKING NEWS: Evacuation Orders For Ocracoke". WITN. Associated Press. August 23, 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
  63. ^ "NC governor declares state of emergency for Irene". WRAL-TV. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-08-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  64. ^ "Hurricane Irene has NC base ready to move jets". MSNBC. 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  65. ^ a b "Coastal NC's Carteret County Orders Evacuations". Associated Press. ABC News. Retrieved 2011-08-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  66. ^ "Ships flee Norfolk as Hurricane Irene nears". 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  67. ^ "Maryland Declares A State Of Emergency". WMDT-TV 47. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  68. ^ "Ocean City Initiates Phase I of Emergency Plan". Town of Ocean City Maryland. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  69. ^ "Student Workers Ordered To Evacuate Ocean City". WMDT-TV 47. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  70. ^ "Mandatory Evacuation Declared For Ocean City". WMDT-TV 47. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  71. ^ "Campus Closing for Hurricane Irene". Salisbury University. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  72. ^ "University To Close In Advance Of Irene". WBAL Radio. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
  73. ^ Gibson, Ginger (August 25, 2011). "As Hurricane Irene nears, Gov. Christie declares a state of emergency to mobilize National Guard". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
  74. ^ "Hurricane Irene: Mayor Bloomberg warns New Yorkers". Los Angeles Times. August 25, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  75. ^ Goldman, Henry. "Irene May Require NYC Evacuations". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2011-08-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  76. ^ Hartnell, Neil. "Irene pounds Bahamas, North Carolina on hurricane watch". Reuters. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2011-08-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Irene (2011).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Irene&oldid=446695489"