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'''Jamshid Sharmahd''' ({{lang-fa|جمشید شارمهد}}; born 23 March 1955) is a German journalist and software engineer. He was born in Tehran and moved with his family to West Germany when he was seven years old. He has been a German citizen since 1995.
'''Jamshid Sharmahd''' ({{lang-fa|جمشید شارمهد}}; born 23 March 1955) is a German journalist{{Cn|date=April 2024}} and software engineer. Since being kidnapped by Iranian agents in 2020, Sharmahd has been held in detention by the Iranian government. In a 2023 trial condemned by [[Amnesty International]], the [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)|German Minister for Foreign Affairs]], and the [[European Council]], Sharmahd was sentenced to death.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==


Jamshid Sharmahd was born in Tehran in 1955, and moved with his father to [[Hanover]], [[West Germany]], where he grew up in a German-Iranian household.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamshid Sharmahd ist Opfer eines manipulativen Schauprozesses |url=https://www.igfm.de/jamshid-sharmahd-ist-opfer-eines-manipulativen-schauprozesses/ |trans-title=Jamshid Sharmahd is the victim of a manipulative show trial |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[International Society for Human Rights]] |language=de-DE}}</ref> He studied to become an electrician, and in 1980 briefly returned to Iran where he got married. In 1982, he returned to West Germany with his wife and daughter Gazelle Sharmahd. He has been living in [[California]] since 2003.<ref name=jpost1/>
Jamshid Sharmahd was born in Tehran in 1955. When he was seven years old, he moved with his father to [[Hanover]], [[West Germany]], where he grew up in a German-Iranian household.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamshid Sharmahd ist Opfer eines manipulativen Schauprozesses |url=https://www.igfm.de/jamshid-sharmahd-ist-opfer-eines-manipulativen-schauprozesses/ |trans-title=Jamshid Sharmahd is the victim of a manipulative show trial |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[International Society for Human Rights]] |language=de-DE}}</ref> He has been a German citizen in 1995. He studied to become an electrician, and in 1980 briefly returned to Iran where he got married. In 1982, he returned to West Germany with his wife and daughter.{{Cn|date=April 2024}}


Sharmahd established his own software company and in 2003 moved to the United States, where he was a permanent resident with a [[green card]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Steinmetz |first=Juergen T. |date=4 August 2020 |title=German Citizen from Glendora, California abducted by Iran Ministry in Dubai |url=https://eturbonews.com/german-citizen-from-glendora-california-abducted-by-iran-ministry-in-dubai/ |work=eTurboNews}}</ref> He has been living in [[California]] since 2003.<ref name="jpost1" />
⚫
Sharmahd established his own software company and in 2003 moved to the United States, where he was a [[green card]] holder.<ref>{{cite news |last=Steinmetz |first=Juergen T. |date=4 August 2020 |title=German Citizen from Glendora, California abducted by Iran Ministry in Dubai |url=https://eturbonews.com/german-citizen-from-glendora-california-abducted-by-iran-ministry-in-dubai/ |work=eTurboNews}}</ref> In late July 2020, the [[Ministry of Intelligence (Iran)|Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran]] kidnapped Sharmahd in Dubai and he was taken to Iran.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Halpern |first1=Sam |title=Kidnapped German-Iranian journalist Jamshid Sharmahd to be executed |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/article-732368 |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Prior to his kidnapping, Sharmahd ran a satellite radio station that offered people a space to voice their views on authorities.<ref>{{cite web |last1=O'Callaghan |first1=Laura |date=18 January 2023 |title=Fears for German man on death row in Iran as his US family say 'Biden is failing us' |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/europe/2023/01/18/fears-for-german-man-on-death-row-in-iran-as-his-us-family-says-biden-is-failing-us/ |website=The National News}}</ref> The Iranian government alleges that Sharmahd is responsible for a [[2008 Shiraz explosion|2008 attack]] on a mosque in [[Shiraz]] that killed 14 people and injured 200. However, the regime-controlled media outlet [[Fars News]] quoted the [[Iranian National Security Council]] in 2008 as saying, "The explosion of a bomb or any explosion carried out by opposition elements, be they internal or foreign, is ruled out. The blast was caused by some munitions used in an exhibition for the [[Iran-Iraq War]] martyrs in the mosque."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weinthal |first=Benjamin |date=19 July 2022 |title=California man faces execution in Iran for being a journalist |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/california-man-faces-execution-iran-being-journalist |website=[[Fox News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Sharmahd denies all charges.<ref>{{cite news |last=OstanWire |date=26 July 2022 |title=Abducted Californian Jamshid Sharmahd Denies Charges in Final Court Hearing in Iran |url=https://iranwire.com/en/prisoners/106052-abducted-california-resident-jamshid-sharmahd-denies-charges-in-final-court-hearing/}}</ref> His family also deny all accusations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vahdat |first=Amir |last2=Gambrell |first2=Jon |date=2 August 2020 |title=Iran says it detains leader of California-based exile group |url=https://apnews.com/article/ap-top-news-iran-iran-nuclear-ca-state-wire-middle-east-d1ba8de31d40362ecb5e5f8f4d0be4b5 |work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gambrell |first=Jon |date=4 August 2020 |title=Family tells AP: Iran abducted California man while in Dubai |url=https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-dubai-ap-top-news-iran-ca-state-wire-2ba6f187105566ccc06ef2b5f9e5490e |work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> His abduction is one of a series of kidnappings carried out by the government of Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borger |first=Julian |date=14 July 2021 |title=Iran 'spies' charged in plot to kidnap US journalist and speed her to Venezuela |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jul/13/iran-intelligence-officer-kidnap-plot-us-journalist |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2020 |title=Why Iran abducted and hanged Ruhollah Zam |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/12/16/why-iran-abducted-and-hanged-ruhollah-zam |access-date=26 February 2022 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Azizi |first=Arash |date=12 January 2021 |title=Opinion {{!}} Why Is Iran Kidnapping and Executing Dissidents? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/12/opinion/iran-kidnap-execute-dissidents.html |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


In 2007, a "massive cyber attack" exposed his contributions to the website Tondar.org publicly.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fears for German man on death row in Iran as his US family say 'Biden is failing us' |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/europe/2023/01/18/fears-for-german-man-on-death-row-in-iran-as-his-us-family-says-biden-is-failing-us/ |first=Laura |last=O'Callaghan |date=18 January 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=The National News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=One Year After Abduction, Jamshid Sharmahd's Family Vows to Fight On |url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/70111/ |first=Hannah |last=Somerville |date=19 November 2021 |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=IranWire {{!}} خانه |language=en}}</ref> This led to targeted harassment and assassination attempts against him by the Iranian government.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Audi |first=Tamara |date=10 May 2010 |title=U.S.-Iran Feud Hits L.A. |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704866204575224170226999284 |access-date=26 February 2022 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>
In 2007, a "massive cyber attack" exposed his contributions to the website Tondar.org publicly.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fears for German man on death row in Iran as his US family say 'Biden is failing us' |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/europe/2023/01/18/fears-for-german-man-on-death-row-in-iran-as-his-us-family-says-biden-is-failing-us/ |first=Laura |last=O'Callaghan |date=18 January 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=The National News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=One Year After Abduction, Jamshid Sharmahd's Family Vows to Fight On |url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/70111/ |first=Hannah |last=Somerville |date=19 November 2021 |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=IranWire {{!}} خانه |language=en}}</ref> This led to targeted harassment and assassination attempts against him by the Iranian government.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Audi |first=Tamara |date=10 May 2010 |title=U.S.-Iran Feud Hits L.A. |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704866204575224170226999284 |access-date=26 February 2022 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>
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=== Kidnapping ===
=== Kidnapping ===
⚫
In late July 2020, the [[Ministry of Intelligence (Iran)|Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran]] kidnapped Sharmahd in Dubai and he was taken to Iran.<ref name="jpost1">{{Cite web |first=Benjamin |last=Weinthal |title='Death sentence certain' for German-Iranian journalist |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/article-712881 |access-date=25 July 2022 |date=25 July 2022|website=Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Halpern |first1=Sam |title=Kidnapped German-Iranian journalist Jamshid Sharmahd to be executed |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/article-732368 |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Prior to his kidnapping, Sharmahd ran a satellite radio station that offered people a space to voice their views on authorities.<ref>{{cite web |last1=O'Callaghan |first1=Laura |date=18 January 2023 |title=Fears for German man on death row in Iran as his US family say 'Biden is failing us' |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/europe/2023/01/18/fears-for-german-man-on-death-row-in-iran-as-his-us-family-says-biden-is-failing-us/ |website=The National News}}</ref> The Iranian government alleged that Sharmahd was responsible for a [[2008 Shiraz explosion|2008 attack]] on a mosque in [[Shiraz]] that killed 14 people and injured 200. However, the regime-controlled media outlet [[Fars News]] quoted the [[Iranian National Security Council]] in 2008 as saying, "The explosion of a bomb or any explosion carried out by opposition elements, be they internal or foreign, is ruled out. The blast was caused by some munitions used in an exhibition for the [[Iran–Iraq War]] martyrs in the mosque."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weinthal |first=Benjamin |date=19 July 2022 |title=California man faces execution in Iran for being a journalist |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/california-man-faces-execution-iran-being-journalist |website=[[Fox News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Sharmahd and his family denied all charges.<ref>{{cite news |last=OstanWire |date=26 July 2022 |title=Abducted Californian Jamshid Sharmahd Denies Charges in Final Court Hearing in Iran |url=https://iranwire.com/en/prisoners/106052-abducted-california-resident-jamshid-sharmahd-denies-charges-in-final-court-hearing/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Vahdat |first=Amir |last2=Gambrell |first2=Jon |date=2 August 2020 |title=Iran says it detains leader of California-based exile group |url=https://apnews.com/article/ap-top-news-iran-iran-nuclear-ca-state-wire-middle-east-d1ba8de31d40362ecb5e5f8f4d0be4b5 |work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Gambrell |first=Jon |date=4 August 2020 |title=Family tells AP: Iran abducted California man while in Dubai |url=https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-dubai-ap-top-news-iran-ca-state-wire-2ba6f187105566ccc06ef2b5f9e5490e |work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Sharmahd's abduction was one of a series of kidnappings carried out by the government of Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borger |first=Julian |date=14 July 2021 |title=Iran 'spies' charged in plot to kidnap US journalist and speed her to Venezuela |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jul/13/iran-intelligence-officer-kidnap-plot-us-journalist |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2020 |title=Why Iran abducted and hanged Ruhollah Zam |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/12/16/why-iran-abducted-and-hanged-ruhollah-zam |access-date=26 February 2022 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Azizi |first=Arash |date=12 January 2021 |title=Opinion {{!}} Why Is Iran Kidnapping and Executing Dissidents? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/12/opinion/iran-kidnap-execute-dissidents.html |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
⚫
In July 2020, the Iranian regime{{Who|date=April 2024}} kidnapped him during a stopover in Dubai, and took him to Iran where he has been held since.<ref name="jpost1">{{Cite web |first=Benjamin |last=Weinthal |title='Death sentence certain' for German-Iranian journalist |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/article-712881 |access-date=25 July 2022 |date=25 July 2022|website=Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref> He has been repeatedly denied consular access from the German government and access to trials.<ref>{{Cite web |first=David |last=Gritten |title=Germany expels 2 Iranian diplomats over death sentence |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-politics-government-bdd70470b62de3476f3a55a20ef51025 |access-date=22 February 2023 |date=22 February 2023|website=Associated Press News |language=en}}</ref> In February 2023, Sharmahd was sentenced to death by a [[Islamic Revolutionary Court|Revolutionary Court]] in Tehran under charges of "corruption on Earth" following a "grossly unfair trial", as described by [[Amnesty International]].<ref>{{Cite web |first=David |last=Gritten |title=Iran sentences German-Iranian dissident to death |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64718416 |access-date=23 March 2023 |date=21 February 2022|website=BBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Amnesty |last=International |title=Tortured German-Iranian sentenced to death: Jamshid Sharmahd |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/6642/2023/en/ |access-date=3 April 2023 |date=3 April 2023|website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> The following day, Germany expelled two Iranian diplomats as a reaction to the sentence.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.voanews.com/a/germany-expels-iranian-diplomats-in-response-to-death-sentence-for-german-citizen-/6973747.html |title=Germany Expels Iranian Diplomats in Response to Death Sentence for German Citizen |date=22 February 2023 |access-date=23 February 2023 |work=Voice of America News }}</ref>

⚫
In February 2023, Sharmahd was sentenced to death by a [[Islamic Revolutionary Court|Revolutionary Court]] in Tehran under charges of "corruption on Earth" following a "grossly unfair trial", as described by [[Amnesty International]].<ref>{{Cite web |first=David |last=Gritten |title=Iran sentences German-Iranian dissident to death |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64718416 |access-date=23 March 2023 |date=21 February 2022|website=BBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Amnesty |last=International |title=Tortured German-Iranian sentenced to death: Jamshid Sharmahd |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/6642/2023/en/ |access-date=3 April 2023 |date=3 April 2023|website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> He was repeatedly denied access to the German consulate and access to trials.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gritten |first=David |date=22 February 2023 |title=Germany expels 2 Iranian diplomats over death sentence |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-politics-government-bdd70470b62de3476f3a55a20ef51025 |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=Associated Press News |language=en}}</ref> German Minister for Foreign Affairs [[Annalena Baerbock]] said Sharmahd "never had even the semblance of a fair trial."<ref name=":0" /> In response to the sentence, Germany expelled two Iranian diplomats.<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=https://www.voanews.com/a/germany-expels-iranian-diplomats-in-response-to-death-sentence-for-german-citizen-/6973747.html |title=Germany Expels Iranian Diplomats in Response to Death Sentence for German Citizen |date=22 February 2023 |access-date=23 February 2023 |work=Voice of America News }}</ref>


In 2022, the [[Working Group on Arbitrary Detention]] (WGAD) released a 13-page document confirming Sharmahd's kidnapping, [[forced disappearance]], human rights violations, and torture.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/detention-wg/opinions/session93/2022-10-20/A-HRC-WGAD-2022-27-AEV.pdf | title=Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its ninety-third session 30 March–8 April 2022 | date=31 August 2022 | work=Working Group on Arbitrary Detention }}</ref> In January 2023, [[Friedrich Merz]], the chairman of the [[CDU/CSU]] parliamentary group, took over the political sponsorship for Sharmahd.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cducsu.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/friedrich-merz-uebernimmt-politische-patenschaft-fuer-den-inhaftierten-deutsch-iraner-jamshid-sharmahd |title=Friedrich Merz übernimmt politische Patenschaft für den inhaftierten Deutsch-Iraner Jamshid Sharmahd |date=9 January 2023 |work=CDU/CSU }}</ref> Merz attempted to travel to Iran to verify the health of Sharmahd, but Iranian authorities denied him a visa. Merz repeatedly demanded the unconditional release of Sharmahd and "expects the German government to significantly step up its efforts to release Jamshid Sharmahd."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rnd.de/politik/friedrich-merz-fordert-freilassung-von-jamshid-sharmahd-aus-iranischer-haft-IKACDP64NJACJCDCW5ZOGY4RIM.html |title=Friedrich Merz fordert Freilassung von Jamshid Sharmahd aus iranischer Haft |date=18 July 2023 |work=RND }}</ref> In April 2023, the [[European Council]] publicly condemned the death sentence of Sharmahd.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/04/28/iran-statement-by-the-high-representative-on-behalf-of-the-eu-on-the-confirmation-of-the-death-sentence-against-jamshid-sharmahd-by-iranian-court/ |title=Iran: Statement by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the confirmation of the death sentence against Jamshid Sharmahd by Iranian court |date=23 April 2023 |work=European Council }}</ref>
In 2022, the [[Working Group on Arbitrary Detention]] (WGAD) released a 13-page document confirming Sharmahd's kidnapping, [[forced disappearance]], human rights violations, and torture.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/detention-wg/opinions/session93/2022-10-20/A-HRC-WGAD-2022-27-AEV.pdf | title=Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its ninety-third session 30 March–8 April 2022 | date=31 August 2022 | work=Working Group on Arbitrary Detention }}</ref> In January 2023, [[Friedrich Merz]], the chairman of the [[CDU/CSU]] parliamentary group, took over the political sponsorship for Sharmahd.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cducsu.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/friedrich-merz-uebernimmt-politische-patenschaft-fuer-den-inhaftierten-deutsch-iraner-jamshid-sharmahd |title=Friedrich Merz übernimmt politische Patenschaft für den inhaftierten Deutsch-Iraner Jamshid Sharmahd |date=9 January 2023 |work=CDU/CSU }}</ref> Merz attempted to travel to Iran to verify the health of Sharmahd, but Iranian authorities denied him a visa. Merz repeatedly demanded the unconditional release of Sharmahd and "expects the German government to significantly step up its efforts to release Jamshid Sharmahd."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rnd.de/politik/friedrich-merz-fordert-freilassung-von-jamshid-sharmahd-aus-iranischer-haft-IKACDP64NJACJCDCW5ZOGY4RIM.html |title=Friedrich Merz fordert Freilassung von Jamshid Sharmahd aus iranischer Haft |date=18 July 2023 |work=RND }}</ref> In April 2023, the [[European Council]] publicly condemned the death sentence of Sharmahd.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/04/28/iran-statement-by-the-high-representative-on-behalf-of-the-eu-on-the-confirmation-of-the-death-sentence-against-jamshid-sharmahd-by-iranian-court/ |title=Iran: Statement by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the confirmation of the death sentence against Jamshid Sharmahd by Iranian court |date=23 April 2023 |work=European Council }}</ref>

Revision as of 00:17, 30 April 2024

Jamshid Sharmahd
جمشید شارمهد
Sharmahd in 2019
Born (1955-03-23) 23 March 1955 (age 69)
Tehran, Tehran Province, Imperial State of Iran
Citizenship
  • United States of America
  • Germany
EducationSoftware engineering, Information technology
Occupations
  • Journalist
  • software engineer
Known for
  • Creator of universal code editor Unipad
  • Iranian dissident and regime critic
  • Creator of website Tondar.org[1]
Notable workUnipad

Jamshid Sharmahd (Persian: جمشید شارمهد; born 23 March 1955) is a German journalist[citation needed] and software engineer. Since being kidnapped by Iranian agents in 2020, Sharmahd has been held in detention by the Iranian government. In a 2023 trial condemned by Amnesty International, the German Minister for Foreign Affairs, and the European Council, Sharmahd was sentenced to death.

Biography

Jamshid Sharmahd was born in Tehran in 1955. When he was seven years old, he moved with his father to Hanover, West Germany, where he grew up in a German-Iranian household.[2] He has been a German citizen in 1995. He studied to become an electrician, and in 1980 briefly returned to Iran where he got married. In 1982, he returned to West Germany with his wife and daughter.[citation needed]

Sharmahd established his own software company and in 2003 moved to the United States, where he was a permanent resident with a green card.[3] He has been living in California since 2003.[4]

In 2007, a "massive cyber attack" exposed his contributions to the website Tondar.org publicly.[5][6] This led to targeted harassment and assassination attempts against him by the Iranian government.[7]

In 2009, agents of the Islamic regime of Iran attempted an assassination of Sharmahd in Glendora, California, which was foiled by U.S. officials. This information was made public by a leaked U.S. diplomatic cable.[8]

Kidnapping

In late July 2020, the Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran kidnapped Sharmahd in Dubai and he was taken to Iran.[4][9] Prior to his kidnapping, Sharmahd ran a satellite radio station that offered people a space to voice their views on authorities.[10] The Iranian government alleged that Sharmahd was responsible for a 2008 attack on a mosque in Shiraz that killed 14 people and injured 200. However, the regime-controlled media outlet Fars News quoted the Iranian National Security Council in 2008 as saying, "The explosion of a bomb or any explosion carried out by opposition elements, be they internal or foreign, is ruled out. The blast was caused by some munitions used in an exhibition for the Iran–Iraq War martyrs in the mosque."[11] Sharmahd and his family denied all charges.[12][13][14] Sharmahd's abduction was one of a series of kidnappings carried out by the government of Iran.[15][16][17]

In February 2023, Sharmahd was sentenced to death by a Revolutionary Court in Tehran under charges of "corruption on Earth" following a "grossly unfair trial", as described by Amnesty International.[18][19] He was repeatedly denied access to the German consulate and access to trials.[20] German Minister for Foreign Affairs Annalena Baerbock said Sharmahd "never had even the semblance of a fair trial."[21] In response to the sentence, Germany expelled two Iranian diplomats.[21]

In 2022, the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (WGAD) released a 13-page document confirming Sharmahd's kidnapping, forced disappearance, human rights violations, and torture.[22] In January 2023, Friedrich Merz, the chairman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group, took over the political sponsorship for Sharmahd.[23] Merz attempted to travel to Iran to verify the health of Sharmahd, but Iranian authorities denied him a visa. Merz repeatedly demanded the unconditional release of Sharmahd and "expects the German government to significantly step up its efforts to release Jamshid Sharmahd."[24] In April 2023, the European Council publicly condemned the death sentence of Sharmahd.[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ Sharmahd, Jamshid (24 June 2021). "انجمن پادشاهی ایران" [Association of the Kingdom of Iran]. Tondar.org (in Persian). Iranian Kingdom Association. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  2. ^ "Jamshid Sharmahd ist Opfer eines manipulativen Schauprozesses" [Jamshid Sharmahd is the victim of a manipulative show trial]. International Society for Human Rights (in German). 24 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  3. ^ Steinmetz, Juergen T. (4 August 2020). "German Citizen from Glendora, California abducted by Iran Ministry in Dubai". eTurboNews.
  4. ^ a b Weinthal, Benjamin (25 July 2022). "'Death sentence certain' for German-Iranian journalist". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  5. ^ O'Callaghan, Laura (18 January 2023). "Fears for German man on death row in Iran as his US family say 'Biden is failing us'". The National News. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  6. ^ Somerville, Hannah (19 November 2021). "One Year After Abduction, Jamshid Sharmahd's Family Vows to Fight On". IranWire | خانه. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  7. ^ Audi, Tamara (10 May 2010). "U.S.-Iran Feud Hits L.A." Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  8. ^ "Wikileaks unveils assassination attempt by Islamic Republic of Iran". CNN. 21 February 2011.
  9. ^ Halpern, Sam. "Kidnapped German-Iranian journalist Jamshid Sharmahd to be executed". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  10. ^ O'Callaghan, Laura (18 January 2023). "Fears for German man on death row in Iran as his US family say 'Biden is failing us'". The National News.
  11. ^ Weinthal, Benjamin (19 July 2022). "California man faces execution in Iran for being a journalist". Fox News.
  12. ^ OstanWire (26 July 2022). "Abducted Californian Jamshid Sharmahd Denies Charges in Final Court Hearing in Iran".
  13. ^ Vahdat, Amir; Gambrell, Jon (2 August 2020). "Iran says it detains leader of California-based exile group". Associated Press.
  14. ^ Gambrell, Jon (4 August 2020). "Family tells AP: Iran abducted California man while in Dubai". Associated Press.
  15. ^ Borger, Julian (14 July 2021). "Iran 'spies' charged in plot to kidnap US journalist and speed her to Venezuela". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  16. ^ "Why Iran abducted and hanged Ruhollah Zam". The Economist. 16 December 2020. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  17. ^ Azizi, Arash (12 January 2021). "Opinion | Why Is Iran Kidnapping and Executing Dissidents?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  18. ^ Gritten, David (21 February 2022). "Iran sentences German-Iranian dissident to death". BBC News. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  19. ^ International, Amnesty (3 April 2023). "Tortured German-Iranian sentenced to death: Jamshid Sharmahd". Amnesty International. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  20. ^ Gritten, David (22 February 2023). "Germany expels 2 Iranian diplomats over death sentence". Associated Press News. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  21. ^ a b "Germany Expels Iranian Diplomats in Response to Death Sentence for German Citizen". Voice of America News. 22 February 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  22. ^ "Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its ninety-third session 30 March–8 April 2022" (PDF). Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. 31 August 2022.
  23. ^ "Friedrich Merz übernimmt politische Patenschaft für den inhaftierten Deutsch-Iraner Jamshid Sharmahd". CDU/CSU. 9 January 2023.
  24. ^ "Friedrich Merz fordert Freilassung von Jamshid Sharmahd aus iranischer Haft". RND. 18 July 2023.
  25. ^ "Iran: Statement by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the confirmation of the death sentence against Jamshid Sharmahd by Iranian court". European Council. 23 April 2023.
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