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November 14

Who was the first female governor in Paraguay?

Hello. I am trying to find out the name of the first female governor in Paraguay. I just have a passing mention about the first woman in that position but no name. Regards, Thinker78 (talk) 04:23, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

María Cristina Villalba López was governor of Canindeyú during 2008–2013. The undated UN document is apparently from 2004 and specified a window "between 1998 and 2003", so there must have been an earlier female governor.  --Lambiam 15:00, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

According to this article, this mystery female governor was elected in 2003. That may help to narrow the search.  --Lambiam 15:16, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

Mirta Ramona Mendoza Díaz was Governor of Concepción during 2003–2008.^[1]  --Lambiam 17:39, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

References

American breakfast lunch and dinner

According to many movies, TV series Americans eat only pizza, donut, burger, hotdog and drink only wine, beer, vodka all the time. Kids eat only cookies, fruit loops and ice cream.

Do young single Americans cook natural cereals, vegetables, meat, egg in home? Do they purchase natural raw fruits? Do the kids drink milk? 2409:40E1:1E:6CA6:ECCA:8C8E:34F:42D9 (talk) 07:38, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

This survey may answer your curiosity. NB Cookies and milk is a common children's snack, according to TV. AlmostReadytoFly (talk) 09:24, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

Lots of Americans on TV drink other alcoholic drinks, especially bourbon. --142.112.221.156 (talk) 11:44, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

In summary, some do, some don't.  --Lambiam 12:33, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

Another survey is here. Alansplodge (talk) 15:40, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

According to many other movies, TV series Americans eat only home-blended veggie drinks, and pretentious coffee. There's also a lot of Chinese and Mexican food, mostly take-away. Kids have breakfast cereal, and adults wierd kinds of alleged "omelette". Of course, police diets are much worse, but that probably applies everywhere. Johnbod (talk) 16:14, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

As a young single American, I have never eaten anything natural. If it isn't deep fried or alcoholic, I don't put it in my stomach. Eddie891 ^Talk _Work 16:28, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

More info in Western pattern diet and its references.70.67.193.176 (talk) 16:49, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

Edwin Mellen and Evans (1999)

So, while formatting the bibliography for Amur Annexation I realized that Russian expansion on the Amur, 1848–1860: the push to the Pacific. was published by Edwin Mellen Press, and Wikipedia actually helpfully shouted at me that it could be considered a vanity press. Does anyone have a copy, or know with more certainty whether we should use this source? I'd also appreciate more sources for the "aftermath" period in general. Remsense聊 12:24, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

The author, who died in died in 2018,^[2] held a PhD from the University of North Carolina, spoke Russian, was Professor of History at the University of Central Florida and is fondly remembered by some students for his classes on Russian history.^[3] Evans wrote several other Russia-related history books (The Petrasevskij circle: 1845–1849 (1974, Mouton; 2018 reprint, Walter de Gruyter), The Communist International, 1919–1943 (1973, Pageant–Poseidon), The Kievan Russian Principality, 860–1240 (1981, Associated Faculty Press), Russia and the Khanates of Central Asia to 1865 (1982, Associated Faculty Press), The Russo-Chinese Crisis: N. P. Ignatiev's Mission to Peking, 1859–1860 (1987, Oriental Research Partners)) published by reputable publishers. In this case I'd give primacy to the academic credentials of the author. And, according to WorldCat, the title is held at major university libraries across the world.  --Lambiam 13:56, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

Thank you! That was my suspicion, that the author should be considered over the publishing house. Remsense聊 14:02, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

US casualties in the Pacific War

What are the US casualties in the Pacific War? The corresponding article indicates 93k dead Americans, but the trouble is that only combat losses are indicated there, and non-combat losses are ignored. Somewhere I came across the number of 161,000 dead, which seems very plausible. --17:39, 14 November 2023 Lone Ranger1999

The number of military personnel who were non-combat casualties (dying from natural causes or from non-combat injuries such as caused by vehicle accidents) can only have been a small fraction of the total number. More than 40% does not seem very plausible to me – what would have been the major causes of death? If civilian casualties are to be included, you run into a problem of defining "casualty in the Pacific War".  --Lambiam 12:32, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

I don't know the numbers here but disease and mistreatment of prisoners are common causes of death in war. In most wars in history they were probably the majority. PrimeHunter (talk) 13:43, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

And as a rule of thumb, in modern warfare it takes (I have been told) about 10 non-combat personnel to support one combatant in the field, so there is ten times as much scope for them to suffer accidents and disease. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 94.2.5.208 (talk) 02:34, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

No. Conditions at the front would be more conducive to accidents and especially disease. Clarityfiend (talk) 09:50, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

November 15

In what building was the Kyoto Protocol convention held?

"The Protocol was adopted at the third session of the Conference of the Parties to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (“the Convention”), held at Kyoto (Japan) from 1 to 11 December 1997." - [4]

Where did they host that convention in Kyoto? HenryMP02 (talk) 04:49, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

See Kyoto International Conference Center. --Cookatoo.ergo.ZooM (talk) 07:12, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

@Cookatoo.ergo.ZooM: Thank you! HenryMP02 (talk) 23:42, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

Antoine Louis Marie de Gramont, 8th Duke of Gramont

In 1830, after the July Revolution, too old to exiled himself, he retreated to private life. He did oath to the usurpator Louis Philippe I's new gouvernment and remained in the Chamber. In reality, was remained loyal to Charles X and the exiled Bourbons until his death? -- Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.5.72.177 (talk) 08:53, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

Who knows what he believed in his heart of hearts, but he did swear allegiance to the new regime and served in its parliament, so if he was still loyal to the Bourbons, it was not overtly. Nor was Charles X the type of monarch who would inspire undying loyalty in anyone. Also note that he wasn't particularly active as a Senator post 1830, although that may partially be because he was no spring chicken by then, having turned 75 in 1830. Xuxl (talk) 16:07, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

Ok, but can you search if there are some sources about my question? Thank you. 87.15.239.253 (talk) 16:20, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

Given that this is a historical French person, would not responders at the French Wikipedia, presumably better able to find and read French-language sources, be more likely to be able to help you? Or have you also asked there? {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 94.2.5.208 (talk) 19:32, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

Yeah, can you search even French sources? 87.2.233.246 (talk) 21:05, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

In theory, but personally, since I can speak and read only rudimentary French, it would be extremely difficult. The same will be true for most responders at this English-Language Wikipedia: that is why I suggest you ask at the French-language Wikipedia where, obviously, the responders all speak and read French, and will be far more familiar with French historical texts and sources.

Of course, it's possible that an editor fluent in French and familiar with French historical sources will see your request here and respond to it, but the chance is probably small and certainly much smaller than at French Wikipedia. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 94.2.5.208 (talk) 02:23, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Please, can you help me? Thank you. 95.233.237.174 (talk) 10:11, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

87.5.72.177/87.15.239.253/95.233.237.174 -- There's a page fr:Wikipédia:Ambassade for English-speakers to interact with those involved with French Wikipedia, but I'm not sure how your query would be received there. In my limited experience on French Wikipedia, my attempts at French (which I'm sure were rather foreign sounding if I tried to go beyond simple basic sentences, but which obeyed most rules of basic grammar) were not criticized, since I was obviously trying to bring relevant facts to the attention of people there, but French-language speakers are known for sometimes being quite snooty with people whom they don't perceive to be making a credible effort. In any case, expecting others to do most of your work for you is not very appealing... AnonMoos (talk) 10:50, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Can you search in English? 95.233.237.174 (talk) 10:54, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

I did check French sources and reported on what I found. This includes his biography on the French Senate site [5] and the linked list of interventions by senators for the period in which you are interested. His papers are available at the French National Archives [6], but again nothing there seems to shed more light on your specific question. You seem to be singularly ungrateful of any work done by voluntary researchers to help get answers to your questions, as this far from the first time that your only reaction to a response to one of your questions, such a response resulting from significant research I may add, is only greeted by your saying "can you search some more". Xuxl (talk) 15:41, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Ok, closed. 193.207.97.255 (talk) 18:40, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

Draft:Mika Muramatsu

Please, can you help me to find other info and reliable sources? Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.5.72.177 (talk) 08:58, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

There's not much in English except that her name appears in connection with the film Yellow Fangs. Does she have an article on the Japanese Wikipedia? Alansplodge (talk) 20:02, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

ja:村松美香 87.15.239.253 (talk) 20:24, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

That article seems to have been flagged as having no references, so a bit of a dead end. Alansplodge (talk) 13:39, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

In alternative, can you see if it's just possible to create Mika Muramatsu? Thank you. 87.2.233.246 (talk) 21:01, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

That is not a viable alternative. Creating the article is a futile exercise: it will be deleted for not satisfying the criteria by which a subject qualifies for a Wikipedia article. A lasting article requires references that establish she satisfies the criteria of WP:NACTOR.  --Lambiam 23:50, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

Then, can you help me to find other info and reliable sources, and added them here? Thank you. 193.207.116.105 (talk) 07:27, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

The apparent lack of anything useful in either English or Japanese sugests that actually, she really isn't notable enough for a Wikipedia article. Alansplodge (talk) 13:39, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Ok, closed. 193.207.181.182 (talk) 14:40, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Airlines that overfly Russian airspace without landing

Hi. Currently countries fall into a couple of different categories:

1. Russia has banned these countries from operating flights over Russian airspace (e.g. US[7])

2. These countries has banned its own airlines from operating over Russian airspace (e.g. US[8])

3. These countries have at least one airline that operate flights over Russian airspace (e.g. Israel[9])

4. These countries have at least one airline that operate flights over Russian airspace, but without any destinations in Russia (e.g. Singapore[10])

(I know there's a difference between an aircraft that's "owned by A", "registered in A", and "controlled by A", but I'm oversimplifying here since it's messy enough already.)

If my logic is correct, 4 is a subset of 3, and 3 is mutually exclusive with 1 and 2.

Is there a site out there with a full list of countries for category 3 and 4?

I found the examples above by googling "airline overfly Russia", and manually checking the results, but this method is less than reliable. Liberté2 (talk) 19:35, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

WHICH AIRLINES STILL FLY IN TO RUSSIAN AIRSPACE?. Alansplodge (talk) 13:27, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Salis-Samade Regiment

Who was the commander of that royal Swiss Army in July 1789, when it was send to Paris? Its owner was Vincenz Guido von Salis (1708-1794), but the one who commanded it during that campaign in Paris was Niklaus Franz von Bachmann or his older brother Karl Josef von Bachmann? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.15.239.253 (talk) 20:26, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

Have you find something? I'm waiting an answer from you. 193.207.146.179 (talk) 08:21, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

In the French Wikipedia article, the last commander of that regiment to be listed is Vincent Guy, baron de Salis Samade, from April 7, 1782. Other sources confirm that he was dismissed on August 20, 1792, when the regiment was dissolved by the National Assembly. He is also known as Vincenz Guido (German form of his two names). His dates appear to have been 1708-1794 [11] although he also had a son with basically the same name and there is some confusion between the two. Other sources confirm that 33 men from the regiment were present during the storming of the Bastille, including their commander, lieutenant de Flue. [12] That officer has an article in the German Wikipedia under his full name, Ludwig von Flüe [13] and that article contains a number of other links. Xuxl (talk) 17:45, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

With regard to Niklaus Franz von Bachmann, the article in the French Wikipedia [14] does not mention a connection with the Swiss regiment, whereas the article on his brother Karl Josef von Bachmann [15] states that he was commander of the Swiss Guard at the Storming of the Tuileries Palace in 1792, and was condemned to the guillotine for his role in the massacre perpetrated that day. Xuxl (talk) 17:52, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Indeed, that was its owner, but I asked who of those two brothers commanded it during the campaign in Paris on July 1789, and send 33 of his men to the Bastille. Von Flue was under Niklaus until the regiment's dissolvement in 1792: https://aquitania-memoria.com/art-et-histoire/regiment-suisse-de-salis-samade-1792/. 193.207.99.129 (talk) 17:55, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

I saw that document as well, which is dated Sept. 21, 1792 - i.e. after the storming of the Tuileries and Karl Josef's arrest. I expect his brother took over for him after his arrest to take care of administrative matters related to the dissolution of the regiment. Xuxl (talk) 01:13, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

It was Nicolas-François de Bachmann: https://www.google.it/books/edition/A_la_m%C3%A9moire_du_baron_Nicolas_Fran%C3%A7ois/FEvvaJyjgksC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Nicolas+Bachmann+-+Salis-Samade+-+1789&pg=PA14&printsec=frontcover, https://www.google.it/books/edition/Biographie_des_hommes_vivants_etc_With_p/ooqlrj9cns8C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Nicolas+Bachmann+-+Salis-Samade+-+1789&pg=PA163&printsec=frontcover. 79.16.244.15 (talk) 10:37, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

The document you link says it was Charles (i.e. Karl); see p. 12. Xuxl (talk) 14:34, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

That was for the supreme War council, not the regiment. 193.207.116.100 (talk) 16:35, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

French Guards Regiment

Can you help me to find a site with the full list of all high ranked noble officers until July 1789? Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.207.97.214 (talk) 23:36, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

The article on the French Wikipedia [16] is quite detailed and includes a list of commanding officers. Xuxl (talk) 15:51, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

I didn't refer only the commanders, but also the other high ranked officer under them. 193.207.181.182 (talk) 16:44, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Have you find something? I'm waiting an answer from you. 79.16.108.105 (talk) 11:31, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

November 16

Bangladeshi names

I was looking at the pages of Sheikh Hasina and of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and I'm wondering what the naming convention is. Since they are members of the Sheikh family, I would assume that Sheikh is the family name. If this is so, then they're referred to by their given names throughout, similar to, e.g., Vietnamese names such as Lê Đức Thọ. My questions are as follows:

1. Is this the case? Is the convention with these names to place the surname first and the given name second, and refer to the person by their given name? (And if not, what's the actual convention being followed?)

2. If so, is there any particular reason why there's no clarifying note at the top of the page (as in my experience there are for most articles about individuals whose names don't follow Western conventions)?

3. Why is Sheikh Mujibur Rahman referred to as Mujib instead of Mujibur, Rahman, or Mujibur Rahman?

4. What is the role of the name Rahman? Is it more like a middle name, another given name, another family name, a Roman cognomen (or agnomen for that matter), or some other kind of name?

Thanks! 2601:189:8180:3C80:9D46:A702:2314:D0A6 (talk) 01:07, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

We have an article Bengali name, for what it's worth. AnonMoos (talk) 04:59, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Thanks for the link. It does clarify the typical name order (given, then surname), although it isn't a hard and fast rule. It also gives some idea of what Rahman might be — perhaps a dak nam.

But it unfortunately doesn't really bring closure to any of my 4 questions: Rahman being a dak nam is just a guess on my part, and the Bengali name article doesn't indicate whether there's a custom of referring to people by their given name in formal settings such as an encyclopedia.

Nevertheless, it does shed some light on the subject. 2601:189:8180:3C80:9D46:A702:2314:D0A6 (talk) 05:22, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Mujibur isn't a separate name on its own, it's wikt:مجيب#Arabic plus the Arabic definite article that's usually "al". See Rahman (name) for similar examples. You can find the same name written as "Shaikh Mujib al-Rahman" [17]. In subsequent mentions he's referred to as "Mujib al-Rahman", which seems sensible. --Amble (talk) 17:37, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

That makes sense, thanks. Does this mean that Mujib is the bhalo nam, and the Bengali convention is to refer to a person by that name rather than the family name? (And the same for Sheikh Hasina?)

And is al-Rahman then his dak nam? Or is it part of his bhalo nam, or something else? (And/or am I misunderstanding how those names work?)

Also, if it's true that Bengali names usually list the given name before the family name, is there any significance / known reason why the Sheikh family has their family name first? Or is it just the way that family happens to do it, with no deeper meaning behind it?

2601:189:8180:3C80:B448:A5A4:2E34:B9BF (talk) 20:18, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

My understanding is that "Mujibur Rahman" is a single name, which would be the bhalo nam. We have an article Shaikhs in North India that sheds some light on the Sheikh family name. The name order seems to come from the original use as an honorific. --Amble (talk) 22:03, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Thanks! I also found this article, which lists some other aristocratic Bengali names as well. A common thread seems to be not only listing the family name first as you said, but also referring to the subjects by their given names. Examples include Khondakar Ashraf Hossain and Kazi Keramat Ali. This contrasts with, e.g., Fakhruddin Ahmed, whose family name is listed second, and who is referred to by his family name. (Or at least I assume that's his family name, because his father is given as having the last name Ahmed as well.)

Looking at these, I notice that Hossain and Ali are called by what I presume are the second parts of their given names, whereas Mujib is called by the first. Do you know why that is?

2601:189:8180:3C80:55D7:837:CE23:A62 (talk) 16:49, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Edouard Longue

I'm looking for information about Edouard Longue, a French journalist and food critic. I will be grateful for any bit of info about him, especially for the his DOB and DOD (I only know he was professionally active in the 1960s). A picture of him would be great plus. I'm okay with sources in French. — Kpalion^(talk) 13:19, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

I can find the following: in 1968, he was president of the association of French food journalists (Union francaise des journalistes, écrivains et éditeurs gastronomes). A similarly named grouping exists to this day [18]. In 1970, he published a book on Jewish cooking "Le Livre de la cuisine juive, les bons petits plats de la cuisine cachère" [19], which was reviewed in a few newspapers at the time. The French National Library catalogue also lists a 1958 book "Notre Dame des maçons" (Our Lady of masons) with no further indication whether it is a work of fiction or non-fiction [20]. Finally, he seems to have authored one or more books on the diet of yoga. No birth or death dates are listed for him, and I cannot find articles more recent than the mid-1970s with his dateline. His daughter, Kâth Longue is a visual artist with a web page [21] that includes contact info; you could try getting in touch with her. --Xuxl (talk) 16:13, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Thank you, Xuxl. That's already something. — Kpalion^(talk) 09:27, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

The original edition of Notre Dame des maçons had the subtitle La vie du roi Salomon (The Life of King Solomon). The work is characterized here as a novel.  --Lambiam 12:39, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Springer Link access

I found a book that looks promising, but it's only accessible to people affiliated with certain institutions. Does anyone here have access to Springer Link and could get a chapter for me? It's H. L. Cracknell, G. Nobis, Gastronomy and Gastronomes, pages 310-342, in: Practical Professional Gastronomy, 1985. The abstract says that E. Longue is discussed in this chapter. — Kpalion^(talk) 23:27, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

Did you get it yet? If, not, let me share the link to WP:RX, an amazing service to get wikipedia writers articles just like this. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 18:34, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

User:Kpalion, do you have WP:TWL access? If so, log in there and try this link. Folly Mox (talk) 18:52, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

I'm logged in with TWL, but can still only access a preview. I now made a request at WP:RX. Thanks for the tips! — Kpalion^(talk) 23:25, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

Wow I genuinely thought we had access when I looked at it earlier today. Apologies for the mix-up. Guess it's time for me to learn how to read 🙃 Folly Mox (talk) 23:57, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

Maybe I need to make some additional request in TWL, specifically for access to Springer Link? — Kpalion^(talk) 00:08, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

TWL does provide access to Springer, but not all of their content is available through the TWL account. Some of the publishers keep certain content at a higher access level or something. I feel like De Gruyter and Wiley have similar situations, but I may be misidentifying which publishers. Folly Mox (talk) 00:21, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

Aren't most/all car companies like this?

This news article is a Chicagoland story where, a pregnant mother was carjacked with a 2 year-old inside. But they had the app for geo-locator. When the police called the car company, they refused to give police the details of it, over an unpaid $150. And so, the father had to say a credit card number over the phone to continue. And so, the family later sued Volkswagen as well as another company responsible for the app. https://www.fox32chicago.com/news/illinois-family-couldnt-get-gps-data-for-carjacked-vehicle-with-son-inside-unless-they-paid-a-fee-lawsuit I'm just wondering, wouldn't all car companies be like that? I'm not here to ask if they have a chance of winning the lawsuit (even though it seems like a purely emotional lawsuit), but before I jump on a bandwagon to say "boycott Volkswagen" I wonder if pretty much all car companies are like that? Or maybe it depends on the individual over the phone. 170.76.231.162 (talk) 15:48, 16 November 2023 (UTC).

To simplify: Are there companies that would respond to the request "Let me use your service that I haven't paid for" with the response "Pay first, then you can use it"? Yes. There are companies like that. 97.82.165.112 (talk) 17:12, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Or at least, serve it when the police ask for it, as opposed to anyone else asking for it. 170.76.231.162 (talk) 17:55, 16 November 2023 (UTC).

That would be with a warrant. So, it would be police going to a judge to plead the case, then the judge issuing a warrant for the information, then the police delivering that to the company. Even then, some companies fight against warrants. 97.82.165.112 (talk) 14:47, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

See Uli Derickson. This is not a new phenomenon. 194.73.48.66 (talk) 18:11, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

This is fiction, but there is a scene in Dr. Strangelove in which Captain Mandrake is desperately trying to make an emergency phone call to the US president from a pay booth, but is fifty-five cents short. The operator refuses to make the connection as well as a collect long-distance call, citing "policy".  --Lambiam 23:13, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

In many countries, refusing to assist a police officer is a punishable offence. Even if not, I suspect that many companies might regard it as their civic or humanitarian duty to help in an emergency, if only to avoid terrible publicity if they didn't. Alansplodge (talk) 23:03, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

Alex and Steve

Can someone explain this joke?[22]

CW: religious blasphemy, I think. I do understand what the church was getting at about Adam and Steve, but I don't know who Alex was. Also, if I remember right, Adam and Eve came way before Jesus, but that is a separate issue. Thanks. 2601:644:8501:AAF0:0:0:0:6375 (talk) 20:07, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

I think it's a reference to Minecraft, where there was originally one default player character named Steve, with a second default called Alex introduced later. 2601:189:8180:3C80:B448:A5A4:2E34:B9BF (talk) 20:24, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Some sects believe that Jesus is God, and that God fashioned Adam and Eve. Note that John 8:58 has Jesus saying, "Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am".  --Lambiam 22:36, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Ah thanks, I never would have figured out the part about Minecraft. Jesus being God and also being the son of God reminds me of the song I'm My Own Grandpa but I haven't looked into it. 2601:644:8501:AAF0:0:0:0:6375 (talk) 01:27, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

Not exactly. It's called the Trinity. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 02:14, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

Is it problematic in Islam to display a picture of a mosque edited by AI?

Hi, I want to display a picture of a mosque edited by AI (adding more futuristic style to the building - not something that I find offensive). The mosque is NOT one of Islam most holiest places. Is this a taboo in Islam? Or is it okay? 2A06:C701:4B36:7100:99CC:7B1D:18F6:DE76 (talk) 22:09, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

AFAIK neither the Qur'an nor any hadith refer to AI. The prohibition found in some hadiths does not depend on the maker of the image, but on what is depicted. Specifically, some schools prohibit the depiction of people or more generally animate beings. See Aniconism in Islam. There is no taboo by itself on the depiction of buildings, including holy mosques. Whether someone's sensibilities might be offended by the depiction of an imaginary change to a mosque is hard to predict, but it would not be a doctrinal transgression. The depiction of an imaginary change to the Qur'an, however, will be found irreverent and elicit strong responses.  --Lambiam 22:51, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

File:Mosque02.svg, a non-specific image of a mosque (though not generated by AI), is found by template inclusion on quite a few Islam-related articles, and so presumably does not give offense... AnonMoos (talk) 22:32, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

I note that Islamic architecture is frequently decorated with alphabetic inscriptions, often highly stylized. Given that AI currently has trouble remembering how many fingers humans have on each hand, I would suggest caution when using it to amend pictures containing inscriptions. No doubt AI can make it look very convincing, but probably not to a reader of Arabic (or whichever language is in use). Corrupting a sacred text is almost certainly frowned upon. -- Verbarson  ^talk_edits 22:19, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

November 17

Agamemnon: Mycenae vs Argos (and Homer vs Aeschylus)

Hello, two interrelated Qs:

• Q1: In Homer's Iliad (~8th c. BC), Agamemnon is king of Mycenae while Diomedes is king of Argos. Why does the Agamemnon article says he was "the king of Mycenae or Argos, thought to be different names for the same area"? (Neither Mycenae nor Argos, Peloponnese mention such conflation.)
• Q2: In Aeschylus's Agamemnon (play) (5th c. BC), the eponym is now king of Argos indeed. [Note: its article mentions Mycenae once, but the play is all about Argos. I dare not fix it.] Do we know the reason of this change? (I mean, I know plays took liberties with myths, but why make such a geographical change contra Homer?)

Thanks, 77.147.79.62 (talk) 17:32, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

Without being able to answer specifically, I would observe that even after writing was (re-)adopted by the Greeks of Homer's era and later (though 'Homer' may not have been an actual person), and the previously orally-transmitted myths were collated and written down, such tales were still primarily transmitted orally and performed to audiences, not read by them. In such circumstances tale-tellers tailor their renditions to the expectations of their audiences, so if Mycenae had been largely forgotten, the narrators might well switch Agamemnon's realm to one whose name was generally known.

This is of course not a universal rule, which is why several of the cities mentioned in the Catalogue of Ships portion of The Iliad were by Homer's day unknown by both name and location – their correlation with modern-day archaeological discoveries is a useful indication of their relative antiquity. {The poster formerly knowna s 87.81.2130.195} 51.241.161.192 (talk) 01:48, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Even Homer nods. DuncanHill (talk) 02:56, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Our article misrepresents the cited source, which has:

Argos  As a place name, Argos is used in various ways in Greek mythology. Homer uses it to refer sometimes to the kingdom of Agamemnon, with its capital at Mycenae, and sometimes to the whole of the Peloponnesus, making the Greeks the “Argives.” He also mentions the specific town of Argos, of which the hero Diomedes was the leader.

 --Lambiam 12:28, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

November 18

US president on foreign commercial flight

Hi. Korean Air Lines Flight 007 says:

The Soviets contended former U.S. president Richard Nixon was to have been seated next to Larry McDonald on KAL 007 but that the CIA warned him not to go, according to the New York Post and Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS); this was denied by Nixon.

President Richard Nixon regularly flew on (US) commercial flights according to Executive One. Many other US presidents also flew commercial, just not as common as Nixon.

But did any US president ever fly on a commercial flight operated by a foreign airline? Liberté2 (talk) 01:44, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

I guess you mean "former US president" since by 1983 Nixon had been out of office for close to a decade. Given how extensively some former presidents have traveled worldwide (I'm thinking specifically of Jimmy Carter here), it wouldn't surprise me that some of these places cannot be reached on U.S. airlines, but I don't have any direct evidence. Xuxl (talk) 14:24, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Oops, I totally missed the "former" part there. "Does former presidents take foreign commercial flights" isn't too interesting of a question, and is probably a definite yes (I don't have any evidence either).

But "did any sitting presidents take foreign commercial flights" is still an interesting question, and could go either way. So I'll leave the question up unchanged. Liberté2 (talk) 05:50, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

I would be very surprised if you could find evidence of a sitting president taking a commercial flight, especially on a non-US airline. That's why they have Air Force One, and there's also the matter of the extensive United States Secret Service protective detail that accompanies the President everywhere, as well as others (see nuclear football). Xuxl (talk) 14:40, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

For evidence of a sitting president taking a commercial flight, just peruse Executive One. This was not regularly done though – unlike what is suggested in the OP – but a one-off thing.  --Lambiam 22:09, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

Hindu terrorism

Expert warns of impending `genocide' of Muslims in India

IS A GENOCIDE OF MUSLIMS UNDERWAY IN INDIA?

U.S. Congresswoman Ilhan Omar's 'Muslim Genocide In India Soon' rant sparks fury I Details

If any community is facing genocide they will decrease in number but Indian Muslims have increased from 10% in 1951 to 15% in 2021.

As per American media, British media, and politicians, India is full of Hindu terrorists and Hindutva radicals who are going to kill all 200 million Muslims in India.

There are above 3 million Hindus in the United States, than one million in the UK. There are millions of Hindus working in Muslim Gulf countries. If Hindus were so dangerous and religious bigots then there would have been at least a few Hindu terror attacks in the USA, Canada, Europe, and Arab countries like Islamist terror attacks that happened in the USA, UK, France, and Belgium.

Wikipedia has two categories Category:Islamic_terrorism_in_India and Category:Violence_against_Hindus_in_India

Why do American politicians selectively avoid speaking about attacks against Hindus in India? Vampswefg (talk) 03:46, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Who says so? <-Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots-> 05:01, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Vampswefg: There were plenty of terrorist attacks by Hindus in Ceylon / Sri Lanka -- in fact, they pioneered suicide terrorism. Narendra Modi's regime is accused of state oppression, not terrorism. I'm ordinarily rather skeptical of "genocide" claims when the population is increasing, but Uyghurs in China would be an exception. AnonMoos (talk) 07:18, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

AnonMoos If you are talking about Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, the wikipedia page don't mention the group as Hindu terrorists. --Vampswefg (talk) 02:38, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

User:Vampswefg, from out Tamils article: "The vast majority of Tamil people are Hindus".Alansplodge (talk) 22:17, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

Alansplodge The Wikipedia articles states that their Ideology was Tamil nationalism,Separatism, Revolutionary socialism, Secularism. And this line is added in the article Although most Tigers were Hindus, the LTTE was an avowedly secular organisation; religion did not play any significant part in its ideology.. The question I aksed was that even though USA and Europe did not face any Hindu terror attacks, still their media always focus on Hindu fundamentalism in India, ignoring the attacks on Hindus in Kashmir, West Bengal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. I have read many opinion pieces by USA media about Hindu fundamentalism. But I haven't seen Ilhan Omar, Barack Obama, Bernie Sandenrs condemning Category:Islamic_terrorism_in_India and Category:Violence_against_Hindus_in_India. As per them religious violence in India is one-sided. Why, Barack Obama, Ilhan Omar, opinion piece writers of NyTimes, washingtonPost, CNN, The Atlantic, TIME magazine, The Guardian never condemns Murder of Kanhaiya Lal, Murder of Umesh Kolhe, Murder of Kishan Bharvad, Kamlesh Tiwari, Murder of Vishwanath Shetty, murders by Al Ummah? --Vampswefg (talk) 01:30, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

User:Vampswefg, the English Wikipedia is responsible for neither American politicians nor American news outlets. We have Category:Hindu terrorist incidents, Category:Hindu terrorism, Category:Hinduism-motivated violence in India, Category:Persecution by Hindus, each of which is a subcategory of the next. If you have an issue with how Wikipedia portrays religious violence in any of our articles, you're welcome to bring it up on the appropriate Talk: pages, but please don't complain to us about bias in media or politics. Folly Mox (talk) 03:52, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

In the first place, the American news media pays very little attention to India, so your claim otherwise is laughable. In the second, American voters who are not from that part of the world generally don't give a rat's ass about India (hence the media's lack of coverage), so politicians don't either. Clarityfiend (talk) 12:05, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

This is WP:NOTAFORUM. Either ask a research question or ask elsewhere. Remsense聊 12:07, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Count Gabriel-Michel de Vassan

Can you help me to find detailed info about that noble against the General States at Versailles in June 23, 1789? Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.16.108.105 (talk) 11:17, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Whatever his role in the Estates General may have been, besides being a member of the Nobility, one of the three Estates, it seems to have left little trace. Not surprisingly, he was not one of the 47 members of the Nobility who defected to the Third estate. The only mentions regarding him are that he was one of numerous noblemen who were Émigrés during the Revolution; there are no indications that he exercised any king of leadership role. His personal papers are in the French National Archives (see [23] on page 5) however their contents do not seem to hold anything of interest, only property deeds and the like. That's about all I can find about him. Xuxl (talk) 14:47, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

No, he was the commandant of the Royal guards that were send to bandish the Third Estate rapresentants who had remained here against the king's orders. 193.207.143.0 (talk) 15:00, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Please, Xuxl, can you help me also with "Salis-Samade Regiment" and "French Guards Regiment"? Thank you. 193.207.143.0 (talk) 15:10, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

I found info relative to the Salis-Samade Regiment, which I've added under that topic, but the second question falls outside my area of expertise. I have no idea where one could search for such granular information, outside of a detailed history of that military unit. Xuxl (talk) 01:16, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

Another snippet is here; he was accused of requesting ammunition on 12 July 1789, presumably to arm his troops to supress the revolution. Alansplodge (talk) 21:35, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

This page lists him in 1789 as a First Lieutenant of Grenadiers in the Garde de la prévôté de l'Hôtel (French WP article), so not a very high-ranking officer, just the one who was on door duty on 20 July, when he wouldn't allow the deputies into the assembly hall, so they went off to the Tennis Court instead. Alansplodge (talk) 22:08, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

Ok, closed. 193.207.176.73 (talk) 23:20, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

November 19

Five Rings Capital

Hi. I am interested in making an article of Five Rings. It's quite well known in the quantitative propietary trading firm circles.

Problem is despite its prestige, I can't seem to find any good sources on it. It's really hard to find anything on it from a reliable source.

Want to know if anyone is able to find something on it?

Imcdc Contact 06:07, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

Interesting/Strange! I googled "five rings capital" and went to www.fiverings.com which has no information at all on what the organisation is or does. It does however prominently mention campuses - so is it a teaching institution - doubt it. Most of the webiste is about recruiting programmers - and whilst required skills & computer languages get mentioned, I could discern no mention of what it is that they program to do. Hmm. -- SGBailey (talk) 07:04, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

They likely stare at screens all day or work from home. A quick look at www.fiverings.com shows its located in London and NYC. They hire traders and it also states: "New hires work both independently and with others to develop ideas and analyses, and integrate them into our trading strategies and systems." Which means they have a team of traders (day traders?) at workstations that work the exchanges with in-house customized software developed by their programmers. Its devoid of financial/investment disclosures, but there are business review sites like glassdoor.com with some info. On Investopedia they are listed as a High-Frequency Trading (HFT) Firm here. Modocc (talk) 12:26, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

Five Rings is basically a High-frequency trading that uses computers and programs to trade securities like equities or bonds in milliseconds. A firm like Jane Street Capital can trade over $13 billion in global equities in a single day.

However unlike similar peers like Jane Street or Citadel Securities, there is just nothing on Five Rings especially from a reliable source. They are very secretive. So I guess there's no point pursuing this until some major news org decides to cover them in depth. Imcdc Contact 11:16, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

Duquesne College, Pittsburgh

Can anyone help me find information on this institution? All I know about it is that one of its presidents, John Black, was a conservative Presbyterian minister who lived in Pittsburgh from 1800 to 1849; it's far too early for the current Duquesne University, and it can't be a prior Catholic institution, since neither the Presbyterian nor the Catholics would have accepted the other. Everything I find with Google is about the current university, and here in Australia I don't have access to offline resources. Nyttend (talk) 21:45, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

"in the year 1844 a charter was granted by the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny county to Duquesne College, an institution which was an offshoot from the Western University of Pennsylvania."^[24] Its first president, until his death, was Robert Bruce, who before that was chancellor of the Western University of Pennsylvania.^[25] Our article on Bruce calls it "College Duquesne" and describes the "offshoot" as a secession. Every snippet I find establishes the college as firmly Presbyterian. Apparently it ceased to operate as an autonomous institution by that name by 1883.^[26]  --Lambiam 11:05, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

Duquesne College Application for a Charter - August 12, 1843. Alansplodge (talk) 11:17, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

A tantalising snippet about Bruce and the founding of the college from Google Books:

"... group of students who felt that he had been pushed out by members of the Board of Trustees who wanted a more progressive curriculum. The next year he obtained a charter for a Duquesne College, and in rented rooms the master and his students carried on until his death in 1846".

The Voice that Speaketh Clear, Arthur Milton Young. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1957 (p. 36). Alansplodge (talk) 11:38, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

November 20

Shakespeare as actor

I've been doing a bit on the Guildhall of St George in King's Lynn. That threw up this fascinating paper by a Professor Matthew Woodcock of the University of East Anglia, [27] which suggests that Shakespeare performed at the Guildhall in the 1590s. I'm interested in reading further around this, and would be very grateful for any pointers to further scholarly discussion of WS's career as an actor, particularly if it covers King's Lynn. Thanks in anticipation. KJP1 (talk) 06:45, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

Our article William Shakespeare characterizes him as "an English playwright, poet and actor" and has some further information about him as an actor, including that "[t]he First Folio of 1623 ... lists Shakespeare as one of 'the Principal Actors in all these Plays' ". Little is known with certainty. It is conceivable that Shakespeare began his theatrical career as actor before becoming a playwright; we just don't know.  --Lambiam 11:21, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

Actually a reasonable amount is known. It is in fact almost universally assumed (except by Baconians etc) that WS was an actor before he began to write. Life of William Shakespeare is the better bet, or one of the very many book bios. The literature will be absolutely vast, & not that much new in the way of actual documentation has emerged in the last century, so out of copyright books may be useful. But no doubt that paper has what is known. Generally he was London-based, but companies quite often toured in the provinces (in the south anyway), especially during times of plague or municipal hostility in the capital. Slightly contrary to what Guildhall of St George says, he almost certainly performed in the existing large hall at Hampton Court Palace several times, probably on the existing dias, around Xmas and New Year, when his company made extended stays. Johnbod (talk) 03:31, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

The claim is that it's the only surviving theatre, not a hall temporarily used as one. Clarityfiend (talk) 07:29, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

I think that's right. But the information's very helpful. My question was less - was Shakespeare an actor? as I knew that he was - and more - where can I find scholarly discussion of his career as an actor? And for this, there are some useful suggestions. KJP1 (talk) 07:43, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

p.s. This, for example, would be very interesting, if I could access JStor. KJP1 (talk)

Hand & Pen

On the old A30, now the B3174, between Honiton and Exeter, is a settlement called Hand & Pen. What is the origin of the name? Thank you, DuncanHill (talk) 20:09, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

It is listed in this book. Not having read this in detail I gather that they claim that the pen bit is of Celtic origin and means "head". This is promised to have something but google won't show me any content... (My google search keywords are "Hand and Pen" and "Whimple"). --Wrongfilter (talk) 20:35, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

Pen, meaning head or hill, is a common place-name element in Cornwall & Devon. The second book you link is "From Trackway to Turnpike: An Illustration from East Devon" by Gilbert Sheldon. I can get a few snippets. "It was on horseback that John Gay and his two companions travelled from London to Exeter in 1716. They broke their journey at Hartley Row and at Stock[...] they were overtaken by a storm of rain, from which they took shelter at the Hand and Pen by the Whimple crossroads, where they found a 'a civil host',

Upon whose sign this courteous motto stands,

This is the ancient hand, and eke the pen;

Here is for horses hay, and meat for men.'"

That is a quotation from "A Journey to Exeter" by John Gay. So that suggests it was a pub name. But why would the pub have that name? It's not one I've heard of before. BTW, I was googling exactly the same terms as you before I posted here, and didn't get either of those books! DuncanHill (talk) 22:04, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

I found a couple of other former "Hand and Pen" pubs, both of them suggesting that it was an establisment frequented by scriveners. There was one in Fleet Street, London, [28] and one in Farnham [29]. Pub names#Trades, tools and products has more names on an occupational theme. Alansplodge (talk) 22:40, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

For anyone outside Great Britain and Ireland who may be puzzled; a settlement being named after a pub or inn is uncommon but not unknown in these islands. Usually the establishment was built at a significant spot for travellers, such as a crossroads, and the settlement later grew up around it. Other instances are Horse and Jockey in Ireland, and Swiss Cottage in London.

I wonder how often this has happened in other countries, and if there is scope for an article about settlements so named? {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 51.241.161.192 (talk) 23:04, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

Also Nelson, Lancashire, a town of 30,000 people named after the Nelson Inn in the 19th century. Alansplodge (talk) 10:09, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

Liechtenstein and the Swiss franc

Hi. The US government can be said to have "100% control" over the US dollar.

East Timor's official currency is also the US dollar, but East Timor can be said to have "0% control" over the US dollar.

Monaco uses the Euro, but is not an Eurozone member state. Instead, it has formal agreements with EU to obtain Euro issuance rights. In a sense, Monaco can be said to have "0.03% control" over the Euro (example figure).

Liechtenstein's official currency is the Swiss franc. What is the approximate level of control Liechtenstein has over the Swiss franc?

It's either the 0% case or the minority stake case, but I can't figure out which. Liberté2 (talk) 21:51, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

What as the source of your estimates as to certain governments’ “control” (whatever that means) over certain currencies? Did the 1985 Plaza Accord come into consideration when defining “control”? DOR (ex-HK) (talk) 01:34, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

Statements live within contexts. In some context, "US government have 100% control over the US dollar" makes sense. In other contexts, "US government does not have 100% control over the US dollar" makes sense. Liberté2 (talk) 03:17, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

I take it that you're meaning that the US government is the only entity with "direct" control over the dollar, i.e. other parties can influence it (e.g. counterfeiters), but the US government can make un-challengeable decisions, both regular decisions such as how many dollars to issue, and peripheral decisions, e.g. if the US government decides to revalue the dollar, nobody can get in the way. Is that anywhere close to your meaning for "100% control"? Nyttend (talk) 09:57, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

If that's the intended meaning, then Monaco has zero control over the euro (not even 0.03%). It only has control over whose face will be minted on a relatively small number of euro coins. — Kpalion^(talk) 12:43, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

I generously and magnanimously make available my bank account to administer the meagre pecuniary holdings of Monaco and the resident paupers. Cookatoo.ergo.ZooM (talk) 13:02, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

Liechtenstein cannot change Swiss currency. They can change what they do with it. They could make their own currency. Currently, for collectible purposes, they make coins. Those are pegged to the Swiss currency so the value of the Lichtenstein coin is always the same as the value of the Swiss coin of the same denomination in a legal tender viewpoint (as a collectible, it may be worth more). This is not unique to Lichtenstein. Bermuda has their own currency, but it is pegged to the U.S. dollar. Every day, the Bermuda Ministry of Finance adjusts the value of the Bermuda dollar so it perfectly matches the U.S. dollar. On the island, you will find U.S. currency in use, but you can request Bermuda currency, which is considered a collectible item for tourists. Both Liechtenstein and Bermuda put effort into this relationahip. They could opt out of it and use a different currency. They could choose another country to peg their currency to or they could go independent and adopt their own currency. Because the countries have a very small economy, doing so should not have much effect on the larger foreign currency value. 12.116.29.106 (talk) 13:15, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

November 21

Gardes-du-Corps du Roi

Can you help me to find info about Major-Général Marquis d'Aguesseau? Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.116.56.46 (talk) 09:32, 21 November 2023 (UTC)