1937 in science
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The year 1937 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
- June 8 – First total solar eclipse to exceed 7 minutes of totality in over 800 years; visible in the Pacific and Peru.
Biology
- September 27 – Last Bali tiger dies.[citation needed]
- Jay Laurence Lush publishes the influential textbook Animal Breeding Plans in the United States.[1]
Chemistry
- Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segrè at the University of Palermo confirm discovery of the chemical element which will become known as Technetium.[2][3][4]
- The opioid Methadone is synthesized in Germany by scientists working at Hoechst AG.[5]
Computer science
- Claude Shannon's Master's thesis at MIT demonstrates that electronic application of Boolean algebra could construct and resolve any logical numerical relationship.[6]
- Konrad Zuse submits patents in Germany based on his Z1 computer design anticipating von Neumann architecture.
Exploration
- British Graham Land Expedition (1934–1937) concludes its work, having determined that Graham Land is an integral part of the Antarctic Peninsula and not an independent archipelago.[7]
Mathematics
- Bruno de Finetti publishes "La Prévision: ses lois logiques, ses sources subjectives" in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, his most influential treatment of his theorem on exchangeable sequences of random variables.[8]
- Hans Freudenthal proves the Freudenthal suspension theorem in homotopy.[9]
Medicine
- Italian psychiatrist Amarro Fiamberti is the first to document a transorbital approach to the brain, which becomes the basis for the controversial medical procedure of transorbital lobotomy.
- Publication in the United Kingdom of Dr A. J. Cronin's novel The Citadel, promoting the cause of socialised medicine.[10]
Physics
- Eugene Wigner introduces the term isospin.[11]
Technology
- April 12 – Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England.
- June 5 – Alan Blumlein is granted a patent for an ultra-linear amplifier.[12]
- Alec Reeves invents pulse-code modulation.
Awards
Births
- April 17 – Don Buchla (died 2016), American electronic engineer, pioneer of sound synthesizers.
- May 9 – Alison Jolly (died 2014), American primatologist.
- June 11 – David Mumford, American mathematician.
- June 23 – Nicholas Shackleton (died 2006), English Quaternary geologist and paleoclimatologist, recipient of the Vetlesen Prize
- June 26 – Robert Coleman Richardson (died 2013), American experimental physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- July 19 – Bibb Latané, American social psychologist.
Deaths
- January 28 – Arthur Pollen (born 1866), English inventor.
- January 29 – Aleen Cust (born 1868), Irish veterinary surgeon.
- May 28 – Alfred Adler (born 1870), Austrian psychotherapist.
- June 11 – R. J. Mitchell (born 1895), English aeronautical engineer.
- July 20 – Guglielmo Marconi (born 1874), Italian inventor.
- July 30 – Victor Despeignes (born 1866), French pioneer of radiation oncology.
- October 16 – William Sealy Gosset (born 1876), English statistician.
- November 23 – Jagadish Chandra Bose (born 1858), Bengali physicist.
References
- ^ Chapman, Arthur B. (1987). "Jay Laurence Lush". Biographical Memoirs. 57. United States: National Academy of Sciences: 279. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ Heiserman, D. L. (1992). "Element 43: Technetium". Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds. New York: TAB Books. p. 164. ISBN 0-8306-3018-X.
- ^ Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks: an A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. p. 424. ISBN 0-19-850340-7.
- ^ Perrier, C.; Segrè, E. (1947). "Technetium: the Element of Atomic Number 43" (PDF). Nature. 159 (4027): 24. Bibcode:1947Natur.159...24P. doi:10.1038/159024a0. PMID 20279068.
- ^ Bockmuhl, M. (1948). "Über eine neue Klasse von analgetisch wirkenden Verbindungen". Ann. Chem. 52: 561.
- ^ Poundstone, William (2005). Fortune's Formula: the Untold Story of the Scientific Betting System That Beat the Casinos and Wall Street. New York: Hill & Wang. ISBN 0-8090-4637-7.
- ^ "British Graham Land Expedition, 1934-37". Cambridge: Scott Polar Research Institute. 2011-03-31. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
- ^ Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
- ^ Whitehead, George W. (1953). "On the Freudenthal Theorems". Annals of Mathematics. 57 (2): 209–228. doi:10.2307/1969855. JSTOR 1969855. MR 0055683.
- ^ "An expectant public". 60 years of NHS Scotland. 2008. Retrieved 2011-04-21.
- ^ Wigner, E. (1937). "On the Consequences of the Symmetry of the Nuclear Hamiltonian on the Spectroscopy of Nuclei". Physical Review. 51 (2): 106–119. Bibcode:1937PhRv...51..106W. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.51.106.
- ^ U.K. Patent No. 496,883.