1977 in video games

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	Art; Archaeology; Architecture; Literature; Music; Philosophy; Science; +...

1977 has several new titles such as Space Wars and Zork.

Events

Agnes Kim opens the first Electronics Boutique, a kiosk at the King of Prussia mall in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania selling transistor radios and calculators.^[1]
Atari opens the first Pizza Time Theater (later Chuck E. Cheese's), a combination video arcade/pizzeria conceived by Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell. In June, Bushnell purchases the rights to Pizza Time Theater back from Atari for $500,000 USD.^[2]
Nakamura Manufacturing Ltd. formally changes its name to Namco (which it has employed as a brand name since 1971), and establishes Namco Enterprises Asia Ltd. in Hong Kong, its first subsidiary based outside Japan.^[3]

Notable releases

The Atari Video Computer System was the most successful video game console of the second-generation era.

Video game consoles

In January, RCA Corporation releases the Studio II video game console.^[4]

In October, Atari releases the Video Computer System (later known as the VCS or Atari 2600) video game console alongside nine launch titles.^[5]
Coleco releases a number of new models of the Telstar console: the Telstar Alpha, the Telstar Colormatic, the Telstar Regent, the Telstar Ranger, the Telstar Galaxy, and the Telstar Combat. Most of these systems feature only minor variations on the original Telstar model, such as new controller types (for example, the Ranger featured a light gun, while the Galaxy included joysticks).^[6]

Nintendo releases the Color TV Game 6 dedicated console, featuring six variations of Light Tennis (a Pong clone). Nintendo's partner, Mitsubishi, produces most of the system's hardware components.^[7]

Bally releases the Bally Home Library Computer (Astrocade) video game console through mail order retailer JS&A National Sales Group. Delays in production of the system, however, mean that none of the units will actually ship until the following year.^[8]

Home computers

June 10, Apple Computer releases the Apple II.
August 3, Tandy releases the TRS-80 Model I.
October, Commodore releases the Commodore PET.
Intelligent Systems releases the Compucolor II.

Games

Cinematronics releases Larry Rosenthal's Space Wars, the first vector graphics arcade game.^[9]

Tim Anderson, Marc Blank, Bruce Daniels, and Dave Lebling, the future founders of Infocom, develop the first version of Zork on a PDP-10 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science.^[10]

While studying for a Ph.D. at the University of Virginia, Kelton Flinn begins developing a text-based aerial combat game called Air, an early precursor to 1987's Air Warrior, the first massively multiplayer online game.^[11]

References

^ Fischer, John (2002). "Famous Philadelphians – Nine Richest Philadelphians". About.com – Greater Philadelphia / South Jersey. Archived from the original on March 29, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Thomas, Donald A. Jr (2005). "–1977–". ICWhen.com. Archived from the original on March 12, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Namco History (English summary)". NAMCO WonderPage. 2001. Archived from the original on January 10, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Miller, Michael (2005). "A History of Home Video Game Consoles > First Generation: 1972–1977". InformIT. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Atari 2600 History". AtariAge. 2006. Archived from the original on February 19, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Goldberg, Martin (2003). "Museum of Home Video Gaming". Archived from the original on February 11, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Color TV Game 6". NinDB. Archived from the original on August 17, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Squire, Lance F. (2005). "The Bally/Astrocade FAQ version h2.8". Lance F. Squire Homepage. Archived from the original on February 7, 2006. Retrieved February 19, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Hunter, William (2005). "Player 2 Stage 1: The Coin Eaters". The Dot Eaters. Archived from the original on December 31, 2007. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "History of Infocom". Infocom – The Master Storytellers. Retrieved February 18, 2006.
^ Koster, Raph (2002). "Online World Timeline". Raph Koster's Website. Archived from the original on February 14, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[eb-1] Fischer, John (2002). "Famous Philadelphians – Nine Richest Philadelphians". About.com – Greater Philadelphia / South Jersey. Archived from the original on March 29, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[icwhen-2] Thomas, Donald A. Jr (2005). "–1977–". ICWhen.com. Archived from the original on March 12, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[namco-3] "Namco History (English summary)". NAMCO WonderPage. 2001. Archived from the original on January 10, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[studioII-4] Miller, Michael (2005). "A History of Home Video Game Consoles > First Generation: 1972–1977". InformIT. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[avcs-5] "Atari 2600 History". AtariAge. 2006. Archived from the original on February 19, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[mhvg-6] Goldberg, Martin (2003). "Museum of Home Video Gaming". Archived from the original on February 11, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[colortvgame-7] "Color TV Game 6". NinDB. Archived from the original on August 17, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[bally-8] Squire, Lance F. (2005). "The Bally/Astrocade FAQ version h2.8". Lance F. Squire Homepage. Archived from the original on February 7, 2006. Retrieved February 19, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[spacewars-9] Hunter, William (2005). "Player 2 Stage 1: The Coin Eaters". The Dot Eaters. Archived from the original on December 31, 2007. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[zork-10] "History of Infocom". Infocom – The Master Storytellers. Retrieved February 18, 2006.

[air-11] Koster, Raph (2002). "Online World Timeline". Raph Koster's Website. Archived from the original on February 14, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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