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November 2015 Paris attacks

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2015 Paris attacks
Locations of attacks within Paris
LocationParis, France
Date13 November 2015 (2015-11-13) –
14 November 2015 (2015-11-14)
21:16 – 00:58 (CET)
Attack type
Mass shooting, bombing, hostage-taking, suicide attack
Weapons
DeathsAt least 128 civilians[2]
8 attackers[3][4]
Injured180+[3]
PerpetratorsCurrently unknown
No. of participants
At least 8[3]

On the evening of 13 November 2015, a series of mass shootings and suicide bombings occurred in Paris, France. Beginning at 21:16 CET,[5] three separate explosions and six mass shootings occurred, including bombings near the Stade de France in the northern suburb of Saint-Denis.[5][6] The deadliest attack was at the Bataclan theatre where attackers took hostages and engaged in a standoff with police until it was ended at 00:58 CET 14 November 2015. Eight attackers were killed and authorities are searching for any accomplices that remain at large.[7][3][4]

It is reported that at least 120 people were killed—with 87 of those deaths occurring at the Bataclan theatre.[2][3][8][9] In addition, more than 200 people were injured during the attacks, including 80 people who were listed as being in serious condition.[4]

In response, French President François Hollande announced a national state of emergency, and subsequently placed temporary controls on the borders of France in a televised statement at 23:58 CET.[2] It was the first nation-wide state of emergency since the end of the Second World War.[10] Prior to the attack, France had been on high alert since the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks in Paris that killed seventeen people.[11]

Background

France had been on high alert for terrorist threats since the Charlie Hebdo shooting in early January 2015 and other related incidents during the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks.[11] France had also increased security in anticipation of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference scheduled to be held in Paris from 30 November to 11 December 2015, and had restored border checks the week before the attacks.[11]

Attacks

Seven individual attacks took place[12] comprising six shootings and three explosions.[13][14] The explosions occurred near the Stade de France, while shootings were reported around Rue Alibert, Rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi, Rue de Charonne, the Bataclan theatre in Boulevard Voltaire, Avenue de la République, and Boulevard Beaumarchais.[15]

Initial attacks

The first attacks occurred on the Rue Bichat and Rue Alibert, near the Canal Saint-Martin in the 10th arrondissement of Paris. Attackers shot at people outside Le Carillon, a café-bar, at approximately 21:20 CET.[16] They then crossed Rue Bichat and attacked Le Petit Cambodge (Little Cambodia), a restaurant, leaving between four and eleven people dead.[2][17][18] According to French police, 11 people were killed at the restaurant.[2] The assailants reportedly fled in one or two vehicles after the shootings.[19] One of the vehicles was known to have had a Belgian number plate.[20] Doctors from nearby Hôpital Saint-Louis were in Le Carillon when the attacks occurred and supplied emergency assistance to the wounded after the attack.[20]

La Casa Nostra shooting

Shots were fired at the terrace of La Casa Nostra, an Italian restaurant, in Rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi south of Rue Bichat, by a man wielding a machine gun.[21] The Paris prosecutor reported that five people were killed here.[2] An eyewitness reported people were killed by a gunman firing "bursts of three or four shots."[22]

Stade de France explosions

The Stade de France in 2011

Three explosions occurred near the Stade de France in the suburb of Saint-Denis, and resulted in at least five deaths.[11] At least 10 people were injured or killed in an explosion at a bar near the stadium at approximately 21:30 CET, about twenty minutes after the kick-off in an international friendly football match between France and Germany which the President of France François Hollande was attending.[8][23] He was safely evacuated from the scene[6][2] and met with the French interior minister Bernard Cazeneuve to coordinate a response to the emergency.[7] Two of the explosions were heard on the live televised broadcast of the match.[19][11] Following the game, fans were brought onto the pitch to await evacuation as police monitored all exits from the venue.[11] Security sources confirmed that all three of the explosions were suicide bombings.[11]

Rue de Charonne shootings

Two attackers fired for several minutes at the terrace of La Belle Équipe, a restaurant on the rue de Charonne in the 11th arrondissement of Paris before returning to their car and driving away.[8] at approximately 21:50 CET.[21] Police confirmed that 18 people were killed by gunmen who opened fire on the restaurant's outdoor terraces.[2][10]

Le Bataclan theatre siege and mass shooting

The Bataclan theatre in 2008

A mass shooting and the taking of hostages occurred at the Bataclan theatre on Boulevard Voltaire in the 11th arrondissement where the American rock band Eagles of Death Metal were playing to an audience of around 1,500.[2][6] About an hour into the concert, four black-clad men with AK-47 assault rifles entered the hall.[11] Witnesses heard shouts of "Allahu akbar" just before the gunmen calmly and methodically opened fire into the crowd.[24][11] A witness said that he saw armed men enter the Bataclan, and two or three men not wearing masks fired indiscriminately on the crowd.[3] The attack lasted about 20 minutes, with witnesses reporting that the attackers also threw grenades into the crowd.[24] A radio reporter, Julien Pearce, who had attended the concert, described the attackers as calm and determined, telling CNN they had reloaded three or four times.[24]

At around 22:00, the men started rounding up hostages, as police massed outside the concert hall.[24] Between 60 and 100 hostages were taken.[15][2] The band's members escaped without injury.[25] A witness who escaped the attack told a journalist that the attackers mentioned Syria and that there were five or six attackers.[3][26] One witness in the Bataclan stated that a gunman yelled, "This is because of all the harm done by Hollande to Muslims all over the world."[27][28] There were further attacks reported on police and first responders who arrived at the scene after initial reports of shooting inside the theatre.[29] One of the attackers at the Bataclan had explosives, according to a police officer at the scene.[3]

At about 00:15 CET, the police commenced with an assault on the theatre after reports that the attackers had started killing the hostages.[24][11] The siege ended at 00:58 CET.[30] Initial police reports indicated that an estimated 100 people were killed at the theatre;[3][7] however, this was later lowered to 87.[2] Four attackers were killed, three of whom died by detonating their suicide belts.[3][24][11] The fourth was hit by police gunfire, and his belt blew up when he fell.[11] The entire neighborhood around the area was closed off after the attacks.[31]

Another attacker detonated his explosive belt on the Boulevard Voltaire near the Bataclan theatre.[11]

Perpetrators

Paris Public Prosecutor François Molins confirmed that eight known attackers were killed, though authorities continued to search for the restaurant shooters.[11][7]

  • Four attacked the Bataclan theatre wearing black clothing and using AK-47 assault rifles.[11] Three killed themselves with their explosive belts during the police raid on the theatre. The fourth was killed by police gunfire just before his belt detonated.[11]
  • Three suicide bombers detonated their belts near the Stade de France.
  • The eighth attacker detonated his belt on the Boulevard Voltaire near the Bataclan theatre.[11]

Analysis of tactics and responsibility

Michael Leiter, former director of the National Counterterrorism Center, said that the attacks demonstrated "a level of sophistication we really haven't seen in an urban area since 2008 in the attack in Mumbai, India," and "This will be a game changer for how the West looks at this threat."[32]

Although social media accounts associated with ISIL celebrated the attack, there was no immediate claim of responsibility. Early speculation focused on ISIL and al-Qaeda.[33][34]

Victims

At least 128 people were killed and 200 people injured during the attacks, 80 seriously.[35] Sweden's Foreign Ministry reported that at least one Swedish national was killed and another injured.[3] Australia's Foreign Minister Julie Bishop advised the media that one Australian was confirmed injured.[36]

Aftermath

Official response

President François Hollande issued a statement that read the French people must remain strong in the face of such incidents.[37][38] Hollande also visited the Bataclan theatre and vowed to "mercilessly" fight against terrorism.[10] Hollande also chaired an emergency meeting of the French Cabinet that night, and organized his national security council to meet the next morning.[10] The authorities urged the residents of Paris to stay indoors for their own safety.[2][39][19] Hollande also cancelled his trip to the 2015 G-20 Antalya summit because of the attacks, instead sending Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius and Finance Minister Michel Sapin as his representatives.[40]

Security precautions

In response to the attacks, France was put under a nation-wide state of emergency for the first time since the end of the Second World War,[10][2][41][42] borders were temporarily closed, and 1,500 soldiers were called in to help the police maintain order in Paris.[11][43] The plan blanc (Île de France) and plan rouge (global), two French contingency plans for times of emergency, were immediately activated.[44][45][46] 1,500 troops were deployed on the streets of Paris.[19] Paris declared its first curfew since World War II.[47]

Flights to and from Charles de Gaulle Airport and Orly Airport were mostly unaffected.[6] American Airlines delayed flights to Paris until further notice.[48] Many Paris Métro stations in the 10th and 11th arrondissements were shut down because of the attacks.[49][19] Uber also suspended car hails in Paris after the attacks.[50] All public schools and universities in Paris were set to remain closed the next day, Saturday 14 November.[51]

Belgium tightened security along its border with France and increased security checks for people arriving from France.[2]

Several cities in the United States took security precautions, particularly at sites where large crowds were expected, sports events, concerts, the French embassy, and other French government sites.[52] Singapore also raised its national security alert level, stepping up security precautions as well as border checks across the city-state.[53]

File:Peace for Paris.svg
The icon of the hashtag "Peace for Paris"[54]

In the hours after the attack, some Parisians used social media, in particular the Twitter hashtag #PorteOuverte (French for "#OpenDoor"), to offer overnight shelter to strangers stranded by the attacks.[55] The hashtag trended worldwide.[55]

French foreign exchange students gathered in Union Square in New York City where they lit candles and sang La Marseillaise.[56]

Following the attacks, multiple landmark structures around the world were lit in the colors of the French flag, including the spire of One World Trade Center in New York, the CN Tower in Toronto,[57] the Sydney Opera House in Australia, the Wembley Stadium arch in London, and others.[58]

French domestic politics

Both Hollande's governing Socialist Party and Marine Le Pen's National Front suspended their election campaigns for the upcoming French regional elections.[10] Former president Nicolas Sarkozy, the leader of the Republican party, the main centre-right opposition party, supported the national state of emergency and increased border security measures.[10]

International reactions

The Sky Tower in Auckland, New Zealand displays the colours of France the night after the attacks

Multiple heads of state, heads of government, the Holy See, and the United Nations offered messages of condolence and solidarity in the wake of the attacks.[59] Iranian President Hassan Rouhani called them a crime against humanity.[2]

German Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière offered the assistance of German special forces.[6] United States Attorney General Loretta Lynch offered assistance to French law enforcement agencies.[6][60]

Intelligence review

Shortly after the attacks, intelligence staff in multiple countries began to review electronic surveillance recorded before the attacks.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Paris attacks: More than 100 killed in gunfire and blasts, French media say". CNN. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Rawlinson, Kevin (13 November 2015). "Fatal shootings and explosion reported in Paris – live". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Paris attacks". BBC News.
  4. ^ a b c Claire Phipps; Kevin Rawlinson (13 November 2015). "All attackers dead, police say, after shootings and explosions kill at least 150 in Paris – live updates". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  5. ^ a b "Soudain, l'une des bombes explose en plein match". 20 minutes (Switzerland) (in French). Retrieved 14 November 2015. On entend clairement, sur cette vidéo, la détonation de 21h16
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Nossiter, Adam; Gladstone, Rick (13 November 2015). "Paris Attacks Kill More Than 100, Police Say; Border Controls Tightened". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d "At Least 35 Dead, More Than 100 Hostages Taken in Multiple Paris Attacks". Haaretz. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  8. ^ a b c "Paris shootings: Casualties in city centre and explosion at the Stade de France". BBC News. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  9. ^ "Paris shootings and explosions near the Stade de France kill 18". BBC News. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Melander, Ingrid and Marine Pennetier (14 November 2015). "At least 120 dead in Paris attacks, Hollande declares emergency". Reuters. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Randolph, Eric and Simon Valmary (13 November 2015). "More than 120 people killed in Paris 'terror' attacks". Yahoo! News. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  12. ^ "EN DIRECT. Fusillades à Paris : assaut terminé au Bataclan". Le Point (in French). Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  13. ^ Ing, Nancy; Fieldstadt, Elisha (13 November 2015). "Dozens Dead, Hostages Held in Multiple Paris Attacks". NBC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  14. ^ Shapiro, Emily (13 November 2015). "Several Dead After Explosions and Shootings in Paris". ABC News. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  15. ^ a b Goldstein, Sasha (13 November 2015). "At least 26 dead after explosion, shooting reported in Paris". NY Daily News. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  16. ^ Stanglin, Doug (13 November 2015). "At least 46 dead in attacks in central Paris". USA Today. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  17. ^ "Paris Restaurant Shooting And Blasts Kill 26". Sky. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  18. ^ "26 confirmed dead in Paris attacks, 60 held hostage". Fox8. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  19. ^ a b c d e "'It's a horror': Hollande orders French borders closed after Paris terror attack leaves at least 149 dead". National Post. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  20. ^ a b Le Monde, Editors (14 November 2015). "Rue Bichat : « On pensait que c'étaient des pétards. C'étaient des scènes de guerre »". Le Monde. Retrieved 14 November 2015. {{cite news}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
  21. ^ a b "Paris attacks: What we know". BBC News.
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  23. ^ Alter, Charlotte (13 November 2015). "Dozens Feared Dead in Night of Violence in Paris". Time. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  24. ^ a b c d e f Nossiter, Adam; Higgins, Andrew (13 November 2015). "'Scene of Carnage' Inside Sold-Out Paris Concert Hall". The New York Times Company. The New York Times. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  25. ^ Singer for Eagles of Death Metal escapes Paris attack, abc7.com (Los Angeles). Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  26. ^ Nossiter, Adam (13 November 2015). "Survivors of Hostage Siege Taken to Hospitals or Police Station". The New York Times. Paris, France. Retrieved 13 November 2015. one of them shouted, "What you are doing in Syria, you are going to pay for it now!"
  27. ^ Higgins, Andrew (13 November 2015). "'This Is Because of all the Harm Done by Hollande to Muslims'". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  28. ^ "Paris shooting: Scores killed and injured after 'Kalashnikov and grenade attacks' across French capital with dozens of hostages taken - Further suggested links to Syria". The Daily Telegraph. "I clearly heard them say 'It's the fault of (French President Francois) Hollande, it's the fault of your president, he should not have intervened in Syria'. They also spoke about Iraq," said Pierre Janaszak
  29. ^ "Paris shooting: Several killed and injured after 'Kalashnikov and grenade attacks' across French capital". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  30. ^ "Attaques terroristes à Paris: des dizaines de morts, l'état d'urgence décrété". Le Figaro. Selon plusieurs sources concordantes, l'assaut est terminé au Bataclan. Selon BFM-TV, deux terroristes auraient été tués.
  31. ^ Shapiro, Emily (13 November 2015). "Paris Attacks: At Least 120 Dead After 'Terrorists' Stage Multiple Attacks and Take Hostages". ABC News. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
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  33. ^ Hoffer, Jim. "No group is claiming responsibility yet for coordinated attacks in Paris". abc7ny.com. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  34. ^ "Paris terror attacks: The hunt for who's responsible". www.nzherald.co.nz. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  35. ^ BBC News http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34814203. Retrieved 14 November 2015. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  36. ^ "PARIS ATTACKS: One Australian confirmed injured in horrific terror attacks". 7 News. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  37. ^ "President Hollande: France will overcome the terrorists". CNN. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  38. ^ Sharma, Swati (13 November 2015). "'It is horror': French President Hollande's remarks after Paris attacks". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  39. ^ "Attaques terroristes à Paris : une centaine de morts, l'état d'urgence décrété". Le Figaro. La Mairie de Paris appelle les habitants de la capitale à rester chez eux
  40. ^ "Hollande cancels trip to Turkey for G20 after attacks: presidency". Yahoo! News. Agence France-Presse. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  41. ^ "Paris attacks: France shutting borders after deadly attacks, hostage taking". CBC News. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
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  46. ^ "Attaques à Paris : "Plan blanc" d'urgence et de crise à l'AP-HP". Europe 1. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
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  50. ^ Megan Willett (13 November 2015). "Parisians Take to Twitter to Figure Out Transportation After Paris Attacks". Tech Insider. Retrieved 13 November 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  51. ^ "Communiqué à l'issue du Conseil des ministres" (Press release) (in French). Elysee. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. Les écoles, lycées et établissements scolaires et universitaires seront fermés ce samedi
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  53. ^ "Singapore raises alert level following Paris attacks: Shanmugam". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  54. ^ https://instagram.com/explore/tags/peaceforparis//
  55. ^ a b Sederholm, Jillian (14 November 2015). "#PorteOuverte: Paris Residents Open Doors to Those Stranded By Attacks". NBC News. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  56. ^ "French Students in New York Sing 'La Marseillaise' in Union Square". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  57. ^ Nighswander, Matthew. "One World Trade Center Spire Glows in French Colors to Honor Paris". nbcnews.com. NBC News. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  58. ^ Fernando, Gavin (14 November 2015). "Famous world landmarks are being lit up in red, white and blue in solidarity with France". Herald Sun. Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
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  60. ^ Lynch, Loretta. "Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch Statement on the Attacks in Paris". www.justice.gov. US Department of Justice. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
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