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Markandey Katju

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Justice
Markandey Katju
Katju, addressing at an interactive session at Kolkata on 5 December 2011.
Chairman, Press Council of India
In office
5 October 2011 – 5 October 2014
Judge, Supreme Court of India
In office
10 April 2006 – 19 September 2011
Chief Justice, Delhi High Court
In office
12 October 2005 – 10 April 2006
Chief Justice, Madras High Court
In office
28 November 2004 – 10 October 2005[1]
Chairman, Indian Reunification Association
Incumbent
Assumed office
5 February 2019
Personal details
Born (1946-09-20) 20 September 1946 (age 78)
Lucknow, United Provinces, British India
SpouseRupa
ParentShiva Nath Katju
Websitemarkandeykatju.com

Markandey Katju is an Indian jurist and former Supreme Court judge of India who served as chairman for the Press Council of India.[2][3] He is the current chairman of the Indian Reunification Association (IRA), an organisation that advocates for the peaceful reunification of Pakistan and Bangladesh with India under a secular government.[4][5][6]

Early life and education

Markandey Katju was born to a Kashmiri Pandit family in Lucknow, United Provinces, British India.

Katju's family consisted mainly of lawyers who took a keen interest in politics and current affairs. His father, Shiva Nath Katju, was a judge and an Indian National Congress politician and was elected a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly and the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council.[7][8][9] His grandfather, Kailash Nath Katju, was one of India's leading lawyers and participated in the country's freedom movement. His grandfather also served as the Governor of Orissa and West Bengal, the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, the Union Home, Law, and the Defence Minister.[10] Katju's uncle, B.N. Katju was the Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court.[11] The academic Tilottama Mukherji Tharoor, the first wife of Shashi Tharoor, is also a cousin to Katju.[citation needed] Katju topped the merit list of Banaras Hindu University's LL.B. examination in 1967.[citation needed] He was awarded an Honoris Causa by a Doctor of Philosophy from Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Sanskrit University, New Delhi, for his book Mimansa Rules of Interpretation. Katju was also awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Law from Banaras Hindu University.[12] He is an Honorary Professor of Law at the National Law University, Delhi, and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University, in Lucknow. He also studied at Annamalai University Chidambaram in Tamil Nadu.

Katju is married to Rupa and has a son and a daughter.[13]

Career

Katju started his law practice at the Allahabad High Court from 1970 to 1991. He specialized in Labour Law, Taxation and Writ Petitions. He has also worked as Standing Counsel for the Income Tax Department. He was elevated to the Bench of Allahabad High Court in 1991 and was appointed acting Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court in August 2004. Katju was appointed Chief Justice of Madras High Court in November 2004, and Chief Justice of Delhi High Court in October 2005. He was then elevated to the Supreme Court of India in April 2006,[14] from which he retired on 19 September 2011; after having served in the judiciary for nearly 40 years. He subsequently served as the Chairman of the Press Council of India for three years.[15][16]

His courtroom was notable as one of the fastest in the Supreme Court, disposing of 100+ matters in a week.[17] His strong belief in judicial restraint has been contrasted with some unconventional opinions he delivered.

Katju has served as a Member of the International Association of Refugee Law Judges (IARIJ).[citation needed]

Katju currently serves as the chairman of the Indian Reunification Association (IRA), an organization that advocates for the reunification of Pakistan and Bangladesh with India under a secular government.[5][6]

Bibliography

Indian Vice President Mohammad Hamid Ansari releasing the book entitled Justice with Urdu authored by Justice Markandey Katju, in New Delhi, 2012. The Union Minister for Law and Justice and Minority Affairs, Salman Khurshid is also seen.

He has written several books, which include the following:

  • Mimansa Rules of Interpretation
  • Law in the Scientific Era[18]
  • Interpretation of Taxing Statutes
  • Domestic Enquiry
  • Justice with Urdu
  • Whither Indian Judiciary[19]

Some of his articles and speeches are:

  • Injustice to Urdu in India; published in the Tribune on 3 August 2008[20]
  • Sanskrit as a language of Science; a speech delivered in the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore on 13 October 2009[21]
  • Kalidas-Ghalib Academy for Mutual Understanding[22]
  • The Role of Art, Literature and Media[23]
  • Looking back at the Caste System[24]
  • The Ideal of Women's emancipation[25]
  • Importance of Liberty and Democracy in India[26]
  • Global Economic Scenario[27]
  • The Hart-Fuller Debate by Justice Markandey Katju – Judge, Allahabad High Court[28]
  • The Role of Media in India[29]

Controversies and criticism

  • Addressing a seminar organized by the South Asia Media Commission, and subsequently in several articles and interviews; Katju said that "90 per cent of Indians are fools" and "20 per cent Hindus and 20 per cent Muslims, are communal." He tried to justify his statement on the grounds that a majority of Indians vote on the basis of caste or community, and not merit, citing the example of Phoolan Devi, a dacoit and murderer, who was allegedly elected to Parliament even though she belonged to a backward caste.[30] He also explained that it was meant to awaken people to the realities of social evils like casteism and communalism in the country, after two Lucknow students, Tanaya and Aditya Thakur, had sent him a legal notice.[31][32]
  • Katju has criticized Salman Rushdie, arguing that the author is over-praised.[33] He said that his novel 'Satanic Verses' has deeply hurt Muslim sensitivities and that an individual's freedom of speech has to harmonize with the public interest. He also noted that Article 19(2) provides for 'reasonable restrictions' on the freedom of speech in the "interest of the security of the State, public order, decency, morality, etc."[34]
  • Katju landed in legal trouble for his remark on his Facebook page on 10 October 2016; after an SDJM court in Odisha admitted a petition over it. This created a vehement public outcry in Odisha.[35] In his post, Katju had written: "I was asked to write about the Oriyas (Odias). What is there to write about these poor, dirty chaps? Ever since they got a thrashing at the hands of Ashoka in the battle of Kalinga they have been a dejected lot. Now all they have with them are a lot of pots (Patras), big pots (Mahapatras), and supposedly intelligent kings (Patnaiks). And of course, they have one Lord Jaggannath, to whom they pray every day for revenge on the abominable and disgusting Biharis." A day after tendering an apology for his alleged derogatory remarks about Odisha and its people, former Supreme Court judge Markandey Katju on Saturday, claimed to receive a flower bouquet and a "get well soon" card from the Delhi Odia Students Association. This was informed by Katju himself through a Facebook post.[36]
  • The Supreme Court on 17 October 2016 summoned former judge Markandey Katju for insinuating that the top court had "grievously erred" by not imposing the death penalty on Govindachamy in the Soumya rape-murder case. The top court has asked Katju to explain on 11 November 2016, how and where it went wrong, in not imposing a death sentence on Govindachamy.[37] "He (Justice Katju) is a respected gentleman. We request him to come in person and debate his Facebook post criticizing the judgment. Let him come to the court and let's debate over the fundamental flaws in our verdict," a bench of Justice Ranjan Gogoi and Justice U. U. Lalit said and issued a notice to Justice Katju.[38]

Courtroom

  • Comments on a judgment given by a single judge in Allahabad High Court and in light of alleged corruption, a bench of Katju and Gyan Sudha Misra had observed that "Something is rotten in the State of Denmark," said Shakespeare in Hamlet, and it can similarly be said, "something is rotten in the Allahabad High Court, as this case illustrates." The Allahabad High Court had taken a strong exception to the apex court's remarks that "something was rotten" and there was "rampant uncle judge syndrome" in the high court, but the Supreme Court had refused to expunge the 'rotten remark.' The Government had backed the Supreme Court in this connection.[39][40][41]
  • In May 2007, while hearing a multi-crore corruption case in the Supreme Court, Katju had made the oral observation "The law does not permit us to do it, but otherwise we would prefer to hang the corrupt."[42] In March 2013, Katju had said that it will take India 20 years to defeat corruption. According to Katju, the reason for corruption in India today is that Indian society is in a transitional phase. As the country was moving from a feudal society to an industrial society, the old moral code was being destroyed but the new moral code of industrial society had not yet been put in place.[43]

Politics

  • Arun Jaitley, once a close friend, criticized Katju for selective targeting two non-Congress state governments in Gujarat and Bihar and called for his resignation as PCI chairman. Jaitley said that Katju has failed every test on which a Judge whether sitting or retired could be judged. Jaitley alleged that Katju had a political bias with respect to the burning of the Sabarmati Express in Godhra.[44] Katju responded claiming that Jaitley was "twisting facts" and "talking rubbish" and advised him to quit politics. Katju claimed that it was not his report but a report of a three-member committee of the Press Council of India which had prepared a report censuring the Bihar government for lack of press freedom in Bihar. Referring to Jaitley's comment about being against giving post-retirement jobs to retired judges, Katju reminded Jaitley that a large number of post-retirement jobs had been given to judges when the NDA government was in power and when Jaitley was Law Minister. Katju also claimed that Jaitley's accusation of Katju targeting only non-Congress governments was false since he had also targeted Congress governments in the past.[45][46]
  • Katju has also been critical of West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee for calling student Tania Bhardwaj a Maoist in a public discussion, for ordering the arrest of farmer Siladitya Choudhary after calling him Maoist when he had only asked her why she has not kept her pre-election promises, and for ordering the arrest of Professor Ambikesh Mahapatra for circulating a cartoon lampooning Banerjee. Other political parties including the CPM, the BJP, and the Congress had joined in the criticism of Mamata on these issues.[47][48][49] Katju had also warned police and administrative authorities that they could face action for following 'illegal orders' as happened to the Nazi war criminals during the Nuremberg trials. "The West Bengal officials should take a lesson from the Nuremberg verdict if they do not wish to suffer a similar fate," Katju had said. Subsequently, the West Bengal Human Rights Commission had ordered Rs 50,000 compensation to be paid to Professor Mahapatra for the manner in which he was arrested and detained.[50][51][52]

Markandey Katju has supported Hindustani as the link language of India.[53] He also said that there should be no forceful imposition of Hindustani.[54][55]

Indian Reunification and the existence of Pakistan

Katju's views on the legitimacy of Pakistan as a nation have come under criticism in Pakistan including Shamshad Ahmad, a former Pakistani foreign secretary.[56][57] On several occasions, Katju has said in articles and lectures that he does not recognize Pakistan as a legitimate country, as the whole basis is the two nation theory and he does not accept this.[56][58][59] Katju has also claimed that the eventual reunification of India and Pakistan is the only solution to the Pakistan Kashmir issue.[60]

Katju justified his stance in a leading Pakistani newspaper The Nation, where he reiterated that the only solution to the ongoing dispute is the reunification of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh under a strong, secular, modern-minded government.[56][57] He expanded on the reasons for his support for an reunified India in an article for Newslaundry.[61]

Katju's contribution to the release of fishermen arrested along the coastal areas on the border of India has earned him praise from human rights groups of Pakistan.[57]

View on Jammu and Kashmir

Markandey Katju, himself an ethnic Kashmiri, maintains that Kashmir's handicraft industry, a major part of the union territory's economy, is dependent upon other parts of India, where these products are sold by Kashmiris; Katju opines that the "secession" of Kashmir would cause its economy to suffer, leading to high rates of unemployment among Kashmiris.[62] He, being diametrically opposed to the partition of India, holds that the ultimate solution to the Kashmir conflict is the reunification of what is now Pakistan with India.[62][63][64]

Allegation of improper compromises in the collegium system of appointing judges

On 20 July 2014, Justice Katju sparked off a new controversy when on his blog, he alleged that in the year 2004, a corrupt judge was given an extension and later a permanent post due to strong political backing.[citation needed] He wrote that he himself raised concern about the conduct of this judge and after due probe from CJI, and his doubt was found to be true. However, this judge had political backing from a political party in Tamil Nadu, and this party threatened to withdraw the support to the UPA government if this corrupt judge was not given an extension. He also alleged that a prominent Congress leader arranged an extension to save the UPA government.[citation needed]

After his blog post, several parties and social groups raised concern over political interference in the posting of the judges; however some of them also questioned the timing and purpose behind this revelation.[65][66] In January 2017, Markanday Katju said that proceedings of judges selection should be televised.[67]

View on gay relationships

On 25 December 2014 Justice Katju fuelled controversy by saying that he regarded gay relationships to be "humbug and nonsense."[68] However, he later clarified that he has partially changed his mind after discussing the issue with others and accepted that he was partially wrong. After this, his position was that gay relationships should not be held to be a criminal offence, and this provision in the Indian penal code should be swiftly annulled. However, he continues to regard gay relationships as "unnatural."[69]

Praise

Former Assistant Solicitor General of India Amarendra Sharan has praised Katju. Sharan says on Katju, "You can criticise his views, but you can't criticise the man. His integrity is unimpeachable."[40] The noted jurist Fali Nariman commented that Katju is a person who doesn't merely pretend to support human rights but lives it every moment of his life.[70][71] The former editor of The Times of India, Dilip Padgaonkar, has said that Katju is "an individual whose reputation for uprightness has been consistently above board."[72]

Confrontation with Indian Parliament

In March 2015, in his blog, Katju called Mahatma Gandhi, Subhash Chandra Bose and Rabindranath Tagore as British and Japanese agents respectively. Both the house of the Indian Parliament condemned his remarks and passed a resolution against him. Katju has filed a petition before the Supreme Court of India seeking a quashing of the said resolutions.[73]

Sexism

Katju has been criticised for sexist comments on social media. In 2015, he made comments comparing Shazia Ilmi to Kiran Bedi, saying: "If Shazia had been made their chief minister candidate, the BJP would have definitely won the Delhi elections. People vote for beautiful faces [....] Even a person like me who does not vote would have voted for Shazia."[74] In 2020 he was criticized when screenshots of an exchange he had with a woman on Facebook went viral when he told her that "good girls go to sleep early."[75][76]

Notable judgements and opinions

On judiciary

  • In Rama Muthuramalingam v. Dy.S.P. and later in Divisional Manager, Aravali Golf Club v. Chander Hass, he emphasized judicial restraint and the impropriety of the judiciary encroaching into the legislative or executive domain. He re-iterated this two years later, while he was a Supreme Court Judge.[citation needed]
  • While dealing with the issue of judges initiating "Contempt of Court" proceedings, he observed that the authority of judges rests on public confidence, and not on the power of contempt. The Indian jurist Fali S Nariman commended Katju's view in his article "A judge above contempt" published on 5 August 2005 in the Indian Express.[77]
  • In May 2011, Katju directed Trial/High courts to award death sentences to perpetrators of "honour killings." Honour killing is the killing of a member of a family, or social group, by other members, due to the belief of the perpetrators that the victim has brought dishonour upon the family or community. In his judgement, Katju said that it was time to stamp out these barbaric, feudal practices, which were a slur on our nation.[78]
  • In January 2009, while hearing a petition filed by Archbishop Raphael Cheenath about violence against Christians in Orissa, Katju observed, "We can't tolerate persecution of religious minorities. If your government cannot control such incidents, then quit office." The Bench directed the government to provide adequate security and compensation to the aggrieved parties.[79]
  • In May 2009, Katju commented that a husband has to accept the suggestion of a wife irrespective of the fact whether it is sensible or not.[80]
  • In July 2009, Katju apologised for commenting, during the hearing of a case, that students cannot insist on wearing beards as this would lead to the "Talibanisation" of India. The comment led to much controversy: Katju and Raveendran later withdrew the related order, stating "During the hearing, certain observations were made by one of us. His intentions were not to offend anyone. However, if any one's feeling has been hurt, he apologises and expresses regret in the matter."[81]
  • In Prafull Goradia V. Union of India, a bench of the Supreme Court comprising also Katju, dismissed petitioner's claim that Haj subsidies provided by the Government of India were unconstitutional. The Bench observed that "the object of Article 27 is to maintain secularism, and hence we must construe it from that angle."[82]
  • Following this judgement, in the case of Md Sukur Ali Vs State of Assam, a Division Bench of Katju and Justice Mishra ruled that criminal defendants have a right to counsel. "Article 21 which guarantees protection of life and personal liberty is the most important of all the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the constitution," the apex court bench said. They further observed that "In the absence of a counsel, for whatever reasons, the case should not be decided forthwith against the accused but in such a situation the court should appoint a counsel who is practising on the criminal side as amicus curiae and decide the case after fixing another date and hearing him," This judgment received both national and international recognition.[83][84]
  • In January 2011 in the case of Kailas & Others versus State of Maharashtra TR. Taluka P.S., Katju said in the judgement that India is largely a country of old immigrants and those pre-Dravidian aborigines, ancestors of the present Adivasis were the original inhabitants of India.[85] About 92% - 93% people living in India today are descendants of immigrants.[86][87]
  • Katju's opinion in D. Velusamy vs D. Patchaiammal, delivered on 21 October 2010, relating to the maintenance of a woman in a live-in relationship, was the first time the apex court laid the legal framework for recognizing a woman's rights in a live-in relationship.[88]
  • Katju issued notices to the centre and state governments directing them to file compliance reports on steps taken to rehabilitate sex workers in the case of Budhadev Karmaskar vs State of West Bengal. The accused had brutally murdered a sex worker and claimed leniency in his petition in the Supreme Court, citing the victim's profession. The court dismissed the petition, stating that "prostitutes have a right to live with dignity under Article 21 of the Constitution of India." The court further observed that "This is a case of the brutal murder of a sex worker. Sex workers are human beings and no one has a right to assault or murder them."[89]
  • In a judgement delivered on 1 February 2011, Katju highlighted the malaise of land grabbing of village community land by private and commercial entities. He noted that the purpose of village community land is community benefit like schools, playgrounds, water storage facilities etc., hence he directed the state governments to prepare schemes for eviction of illegal occupants of this land.[90]
  • On 8 March 2011, Katju delivered a "landmark" judgement legalizing passive euthanasia—or withdrawal of life-support systems—for patients who are brain dead or in a permanent vegetative state, and whom doctors have lost hope of reviving even with the most advanced medical aid. The detailed process of passive euthanasia includes strict guidelines that must be met, including a case-by-case review of a medical condition by a team of court-appointed doctors and prior approval of the High Court.[91] The Judge further observed that Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code, according to which attempt to suicide was a criminal offence, was archaic and needed review. He said, "A person attempts suicide in a depression, and hence he needs help, rather than punishment. We, therefore, recommend to Parliament to consider the feasibility of deleting Section 309 from the Indian Penal Code."[92] The judgement received widespread commendation as "brave," well researched and "path-breaking"
  • On 16 March 2010, in an unusual step, Katju appealed to Pakistan to consider granting remission to Gopal Dass, an Indian prisoner detained in the Lahore central jail for 27 years. He based this appeal on humanitarian grounds and on "The Quality of Mercy." The supreme court bench headed by Katju noted, "We cannot give any directions to Pakistan authorities because we have no jurisdiction over them," however it went on to quote a couplet by Faiz, Qafas uddas hai yaaro sabaa se kuch to kaho, Kaheen to beher-i-khuda aaj zikr-i-yaar chale, to seek mercy for Dass.[93] Pakistan took cognizance of this appeal of the Indian court, and within a few days the President of Pakistan, Asif Ali Zardari, decided to remit the remaining jail term of Gopal Das and to release him.[94]
  • On 13 May 2011, a Supreme Court bench involving Katju said that fake encounters are nothing but cold-blooded brutal murders which should be treated as the rarest of rare cases and police personnel responsible for it should be awarded death sentence.[95] The observation was made while rejecting bail to Mumbai policemen involved in the fake encounter at Nana-Nani Park at Versova. A similar observation was made while hearing the fake encounter case of an alleged gangster by Rajasthan Police on 23 October 2006.[96]
  • On 17 June 2011, Katju made a personal appeal to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to release on "humanitarian grounds" Khalil Chishty, an elderly Pakistani virologist in Indian prison since 1992. Justice Katju expressed fear that if Chishty is not released forthwith, he may die in jail by the time his appeal is decided by the Rajasthan high court. The move did not appear to go down well with the main opposition party BJP, which found as "odd" the appeal to free 80-year-old Chishty, a murder convict. "It is odd that an SC judge is writing to the PM for securing the release of a Pakistani prisoner, even in his individual capacity," BJP spokesman Ravi Shankar Prasad said.[97] Manmohan Singh instructed the Home Minister to examine the request of Katju.[98] Subsequently, in February 2012, the Supreme Court acquitted Khalil Chishti of the 20-year-old murder charge and allowed Chishti to return to Pakistan.[99]
  • In February 2013, Katju was involved in a war of words with the BJP when over his controversial remarks on the involvement of Narendra Modi in the 2002 Gujarat Violence. He compared the riots to the Kristallnacht opining that he did not believe that Modi didn't have a hand in the violence.[100] Katju's views on the Gujarat violence echoed those of V. N. Khare, former Chief Justice of India, in an interview published in May 2004[101] and another interview published in March 2012[102] Fali Nariman had also endorsed the views of Katju on the Gujarat violence[70][71]
  • In March 2013, Katju appealed to the Maharashtra governor K Sankarnarayan seeking pardon for Sanjay Dutt on humanitarian grounds under Article 161 of the Constitution after the apex court had upheld his five-year sentence for having in his possession some prohibited weapons which the court held had been procured for self-defense.[103][104] He had provided ten reasons for pardon on humanitarian grounds which includes personal suffrage, had to go to court, could not get bank loans, could not go abroad without court permission, his parents worked for the good of society, married and has two small children and the fact that he has already spent eighteen months in jail for this offense.[105]

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  58. ^ "90 per cent of Indians are idiots: Markandey Katju". The Indian Express. 8 December 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
  59. ^ "Pakistan a fake country, will reunite with India one day: Katju". Hindustan Times. 7 April 2013. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013.
  60. ^ "India-Pakistan reunification only solution to Kashmir, says Katju". The Hindu. 8 December 2012.
  61. ^ "We must reunite: Why Pakistan, India and Bangladesh should be one country". Newslaundry. 8 December 2015.
  62. ^ a b Markandey Katju (6 June 2020). "OPINION: Why 'azadi' for Kashmiris will greatly harm them". The Week. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  63. ^ "India-Pakistan reunification only solution to Kashmir, says Katju". The Hindu. 8 December 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  64. ^ Markandey Katju (8 July 2014). "The truth about partition". The Times of India.
  65. ^ Katju, Markandey (20 July 2014). "How a corrupt Judge continued in the Madras High Court". Satyam Bruyat.
  66. ^ Katju, Markandey (21 July 2014). "How a corrupt judge continued in Madras high court". TOI. Chennai, India.
  67. ^ "Markanday Katju wants proceedings of judges selection televised".
  68. ^ "Justice Markandey Katju opposes gay relationships, says women primarily a tool for procreation". DNA. 26 December 2014.
  69. ^ "gay relationships and gay marriage". Justice Katju's personal blog. 23 May 2015.
  70. ^ a b "Fali S Nariman praises Katju for his article critical of Modi". The Economic Times. 18 February 2013.
  71. ^ a b "Jurist Fali S Nariman backs Katju's remarks". The Times of India. 19 February 2013.
  72. ^ "Why Justice Katju got Arun Jaitley's goat". The Times of India. 20 February 2013.
  73. ^ Singh, Mohit (29 June 2015). "Katju moves Supreme Court against Parliament for resolutions passed against him". 1, Law Street. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  74. ^ "Good girls sleep early: One more sexist remark from Justice Katju; Twitter erupts". Moneycontrol. 18 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  75. ^ "'Good Girls Sleep Early': Former Judge Markandey Katju Faces Flak Once Again for Sexist Comments". News18. 18 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  76. ^ "'Good Girls Sleep Early': Former Indian Supreme Court judge Markandey Katju faces social media ire for sexist comments". Gulf News. 19 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  77. ^ Fali S. Nariman Posted: 5 August 2005 at 0000 hrs IST (5 August 2005). "A judge above contempt". The Indian Express. Retrieved 3 March 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  78. ^ "Treat 'honour' killings as rarest of rare cases: court". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 10 May 2011.
  79. ^ "Can't protect minorities, then quit office: SC tells govts [India]". The Times of India. 6 January 2009. [dead link‍]
  80. ^ "Bow down before your wife's 'diktat', SC tells husbands [India]". The Times of India. 18 May 2009.
  81. ^ Agencies. "SC judge apologises for 'Taliban' remarks on Muslims". Express India. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  82. ^ Wisher, Well (20 August 2011). "Prafull Goradia V. Union of India - Secular Judgment to Savor - Reader Blogs on Legally India: Uncut". Legally India. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  83. ^ "Paper Chase: India Supreme Court finds constitutional right to counsel". JURIST. 28 February 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  84. ^ "SC: Don't decide case if accused has no lawyer". The Times of India. 26 February 2011.
  85. ^ "India, largely a country of immigrants Feb 2011".
  86. ^ "Full judgement pdf" (PDF).
  87. ^ "Justice Markandey Katju on the role of media in India".
  88. ^ "D.Velusamy vs D.Patchaiammal on 21 October, 2010". indiankanoon.org.
  89. ^ "Sex workers also human beings, entitled to a life of dignity, says SC". The Indian Express. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  90. ^ "Village common land transfer illegal: Supreme Court". The Times of India. 1 February 2011.
  91. ^ "Aruna lives, but others can die with dignity". The Times of India. 8 March 2011.
  92. ^ "Attempt to suicide must be decriminalized: Supreme Court". The Times of India. 8 March 2011.
  93. ^ Venkatesan, J. (16 March 2011). "Supreme Court appeals to Pakistan to free jailed Indian". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  94. ^ "Zardari remits jail term of Indian convict | Pakistan". Dawn. Pakistan. 27 March 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  95. ^ "Cops deserve death for fake encounters". The Times of India. 14 May 2011.
  96. ^ "Cops behind fake encounters should be hanged, says SC". The Times of India. 9 August 2011.
  97. ^ "SC judge urges PM to release 80-yr-old Pak murder convict, BJP finds it odd". The Times of India. 17 June 2011.
  98. ^ "Manmohan writes to Chidambaram on Pakistani prisoner". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 20 June 2011.
  99. ^ "SC acquits Pak scientist Mohammed Khalil Chishti of a murder charge". The Indian Express. 12 December 2012. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013.
  100. ^ Markandey Katju (15 February 2013). "All the perfumes of Arabia". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  101. ^ "I raised the image of judiciary: V.N. Khare". The Hindu. 2 May 2004.
  102. ^ "I would have lodged an FIR against Narendra Modi on charges of genocide and manslaughter". Hard News Media. March 2012.
  103. ^ "Press Council chief Markandey Katju pitches for pardon for Sanjay Dutt". The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  104. ^ Bhushan, Shanti (26 March 2013). "This plot needs a new ending". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  105. ^ "Sanjay Dutt is not a terrorist, should be pardoned: Justice Katju". Ibnlive.in.com. 22 March 2013.
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