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New Zealand–Ukraine relations

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New Zealand–Ukraine relations
Map indicating locations of New Zealand and Ukraine

New Zealand
Ukraine

New Zealand–Ukraine relations are the foreign relations between New Zealand and Ukraine. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, New Zealand formally established diplomatic relations with Ukraine in March 1992. The two countries subsequently expanded diplomatic contacts and economic relations over the next three decades.[1][2] Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, New Zealand supported Ukraine by condemning Russia's actions and providing diplomatic and military assistance.[3][4]

Diplomatic representation

New Zealand conducts relations with Ukraine through its embassy in Warsaw, Poland. Ukraine's embassy in Canberra, Australia is accredited to New Zealand. Both countries are members of the United Nations.[2]

History

Soviet era

In 1960, the New Zealand Prime Minister Walter Nash visited Kyiv as part of New Zealand's first official visit to the Soviet Union. While visiting Kyiv, Nash was hosted by Nikifor Kalchenko, the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Besides laying a wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Children in the Park of Eternal Glory, Nash also visited collective farms in the Kyiv region.[5]

In 1974, the New Zealand Ambassador to the Soviet Union Brian Lendrum visited several Ukrainian cities including Simferopil, Yalta, Odesa, and Kyiv.[6]

Independent Ukraine, 1992–present

After Ukraine declared its independence in 1991, New Zealand cross-accredited its Ambassador to five of the new former Soviet republics: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan. This marked the first time that New Zealand recognised Ukraine as a sovereign country.[1]

During the Orange Revolution, the New Zealand Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Phil Goff declined to issue a statement but stated that the New Zealand Government was "extremely concerned about the situation in Ukraine." Despite the Government's muted response, the New Zealand media covered the events of the Orange Revolution, which help generate public interest in Ukraine. Ukrainian New Zealanders also organised demonstrations in Auckland and Christchurch supporting the Orange Revolution.[7]

In October 1998, Environment Minister and Associate Foreign Minister Simon Upton visited Ukraine.[2]

In 2004, New Zealand supported Ukraine's request to become a Consultative Party to the Antarctic Treaty System during the 27th consultative meeting of the Treaty signatories in Cape Town.[8]

In April 2006, Foreign Minister Winston Peters visited Ukraine and met with President Viktor Yuschenko. During that visit, the two governments agreed to accelerate bilateral political dialogue and economic cooperation and forge closer business and investment ties. In addition, the two Governments signed a cooperation agreement to carry out joint fishery, agriculture, environmental protection, and Antarctic research projects.[9]

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine in late February 2022, New Zealand joined other Western governments in condemning Russia's invasion and supporting Ukrainian sovereignty.[3] In early March 2022, New Zealand joined 140 states in voting for United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1 which condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine and demanded that Russia withdraw. That same day, New Zealand joined 39 other states that were parties to the Rome Statute in referring the Ukrainian situation to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court.[10]

On 9 March, the New Zealand Parliament unanimously passed legislation imposing autonomous sanctions on Russia in response to the invasion of Ukraine.[11] On 21 March, New Zealand donated NZ$5 million in aid to the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Trust Fund for Ukraine. On 28 March, New Zealand dispatched nine New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) personnel to the United Kingdom and Belgium to assist with intelligence and military engagement work. In addition, the New Zealand Cabinet approved the use of the NZDF's open source intelligence capabilities to support NATO.[4]

On 11 April, New Zealand dispatched an NZDF C-130 Hercules transport plane and up to 50 troops to Europe for two months in support of Ukraine. In addition, the NZDF dispatched eight logistics specialists to support the International Donor Coordination Centre in Germany's efforts to distribute aid and supplies to the Ukraine. In addition, New Zealand contributed NZ$7.5 million to support Ukraine's weapons procurement from the Ukraine and NZ$4.1 million for the Ukrainian Main Directorate of Intelligence to obtain access to commercial satellite imagery.[4]

On 23 May, New Zealand dispatched a NZDF artillery training team consisting of about 30 personnel to the United Kingdom to help train Ukrainian military personnel operated L119 light field guns.[12]

On 27 June, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that New Zealand would contribute NZ$4.5 million worth of aid to the NATO Trust Fund including medical kits, fuel, communications equipment, and rations for the Ukrainian Army, bringing the total amount of New Zealand military assistance to Ukraine to $33 million. In addition, the Government dispatched a military officer to support the International Criminal Court's investigation into alleged Russian war crimes. New Zealand also contributed $1 million to the ICC Trust Fund for Victims and the ICC Office of the Prosecutor. In addition, the Government extended the deployment and number of New Zealand military and intelligence personnel assisting NATO forces in Western Europe.[13]

On 30 June, New Zealand supported Ukraine's challenge against Russian allegations of Ukrainian genocide in the Luhansk and Donetsk regions at the International Criminal Court (ICJ). This marked New Zealand's second international legal intervention in support of another country at the ICJ.[14] That same day, Ardern spoke by telephone with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. She reassured Zelensky that New Zealand would continue imposing sanctions on Russia. In return, Zelensky thanked New Zealand for providing aid to Ukraine and called for assistance in rebuilding the country. Though Zelensky had earlier invited Ardern to visit Ukraine during her European trade mission, Ardern had been unable to due to scheduling conflicts.[15]

In mid August, New Zealand dispatched 120 NZDF personnel to help train Ukrainian military forces in the United Kingdom as part of an international effort to assist Ukraine's defence against the Russian invasion.[16] This brought the total number of NZDF personnel deployed to support the war in Ukraine to 224.[17]

In November 2022, Defence Minister Peeni Henare visited Kyiv where he met Ukrainian Defence Minister Oleksii Reznikov and paid tribute to the fallen at The Wall of Remembrance of the Fallen for Ukraine. Henare's visit to Ukraine marked the first visit by a New Zealand government minister since the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[18]

On 14 December, Ukrainian President Zelensky addressed the New Zealand Parliament via video conference; becoming the second head of government after Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard to address New Zealand Members of Parliament. Zelensky thanked New Zealand for supporting Ukraine against Russia's invasion and imposing sanctions on Russia. He also urged New Zealand to support his ten-point plan that he outlined at the 2022 G20 Bali summit in Indonesia and assist with landmine removal. In response, Prime Minister Ardern announced that New Zealand would contribute NZ$3 million in humanitarian aid including medical supplies and equipment, power transformers and generators, food, water, sanitation, and hygiene items. Other political leaders including National Party leader Christopher Luxon, Green Party co-leader James Shaw, ACT Party leader David Seymour, and Māori Party co-leaders Debbie Ngarewa-Packer and Rawiri Waititi also made statements voicing support for Ukraine and condemning Russian actions.[19][20]

Several New Zealanders have traveled to Ukraine to support Ukrainian military forces and other international volunteers in their fight against Russia. In response, the NZDF issued a directive instructing personnel to notify their chain command about their international travel plans. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) has discouraged New Zealanders from traveling to Ukraine.[21] Notable New Zealanders who perished during the Russian invasion of Ukraine have included off-duty New Zealand Army soldiers Dominic Abelen, Kane Te Tai, and aid worker Andrew Bagshaw.[22][23][24]

Economic relations and tourism

Since the Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union until 1992, there was limited information on the volume of trade with New Zealand. According to Christchurch businessman John Henderson, Ukrainian enterprises were a major market for New Zealand wool exports in 1980.[25]

Due to Ukraine's economic stagnation during the 1990s, bilateral trade between New Zealand and the Ukraine was chaotic with both countries having to develop their economic relations from "scratch." By 2004, Ukraine only ranked 136th on New Zealand's list of trading partners.[25]

After Ukraine's economy stabilise in 2004, the two countries concluded a bilateral agreement on goods access according to the rules of the World Trade Organization. In 2006, Foreign Minister Peters visited the Ukraine to promote bilateral cooperation in the areas of satellites and aircraft building, informational technologies, fishing, and agriculture. New Zealand dairy producer Fonterra also viewed Ukraine as a market for its dairy exports.[25]

In terms of public diplomacy, New Zealand's "Operation Cover Up" programme supported orphanages in Ukraine during the early 2000s. During the 2000s, high schools in Christchurch and Kharkiv explored establishing contacts.[26]

In late 2004, 16 New Zealand residents visited Ukraine through the auspices of the Auckland-based tourism company "Beyond Tours Ltd." By 2005, this figure, had grown to 38 individuals. Between July 2004 and June 2005, 335 New Zealand residents visited Ukraine.[27]

By 2017, the total trade volume between New Zealand and the Ukraine was NZ$22 million. New Zealand exported NZ$12.4 million worth of goods to the Ukraine including frozen wish, grape wine, cereals, and meat. In return, the Ukraine exported NZ$9.4 million worth of processed products including boats, floating structures, fats, oils, dyes, tannin, and paint.[2]

Migration

Main article: Ukrainian New Zealanders

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Ukrainian immigration to New Zealand was limited due to the latter's "highly selective and exclusivist" immigration policy in the past which favoured immigrant of British stock. One Poltava-born man named Anton Omelchenko, who visited Christchurch in 1910, was responsible for supplying horses to Captain Robert Falcon Scott's Terra Nova Expedition to Antarctica.[28] In 1949, about 170 Ukrainian refugees settled in New Zealand as part of a brief wave of 930 former Soviet citizens who settled in New Zealand between 1949 and 1951. Many of these Ukrainians settled in Pahiatua in the North Island where the established a "neighbourhood community" that consisted of a choir, children's musical group, and a church. The number of Soviet-born residents in New Zealand rose slightly from 506 in 1951 to 982 in 1976.[29][2] Between 2001 and 2013, the number of Ukrainian-born residents in New Zealand rose from 840 to 1,350.[30][2][30]

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the New Zealand Government introduced a two-year work visa programme in March 2022 allowing New Zealand citizens and residents of Ukrainian descent to sponsor Ukrainian family members seeking to shelter in New Zealand. This "Special Ukraine Policy" aims to bring over 4,000 Ukrainians to New Zealand and comes with work and study rights.[31][32] By early November 2022, 1,000 visas had been grant and 400 Ukrainians had arrived in New Zealand. However, support group "Mahi for New Zealand" urged the Government to expand the level of financial, English language, and health assistance for Ukrainian refugees. Due to the lack of support, some refugees had returned to Ukraine.[33] In late February 2023, the New Zealand Government extended the 2022 Special Ukraine Visa application window to 15 March 2024 and the travel window from nine to 12 months. In addition, the Government allowed "acceptable sponsors" who were not relatives of Ukrainian refugees to assume their financial and other obligations.[34]

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b Chaban & Vernygora 2006, pp. 78–79.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Ukraine". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  3. ^ a b Ardern, Jacinda; Mahuta, Nanaia (24 February 2022). "Aotearoa New Zealand condemns Russian invasion of Ukraine". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  4. ^ a b c "Russian invasion of Ukraine". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  5. ^ Chaban & Vernygora 2006, p. 88.
  6. ^ Chaban & Vernygora 2006, pp. 88–89.
  7. ^ Chaban & Vernygora 2006, pp. 86–87.
  8. ^ Chaban & Vernygora 2006, p. 92.
  9. ^ Chaban & Vernygora 2006, p. 89.
  10. ^ Russia Sanctions Bill (Government Bill). New Zealand Parliament. 11 March 2022. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  11. ^ "Parliament unanimously passes Russia Sanctions Bill". Radio New Zealand. 9 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  12. ^ Ardern, Jacinda; Mahuta, Nanaia; Henare, Peeni (23 May 2022). "NZ to provide additional deployment to support Ukraine". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  13. ^ "Government to give further $4.5 million for Ukraine war support". Radio New Zealand. 27 June 2022. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  14. ^ "New Zealand to back Ukraine at International Court of Justice". Radio New Zealand. 30 June 2022. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  15. ^ Scotcher, Katie (30 June 2022). "Ardern speaks to Zelensky, reiterates support and continued sanctions". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  16. ^ Ardern, Jacinda Ardern; Mahuta, Nanaia; Henare, Peeni (15 August 2022). "NZ sends further significant deployment to support Ukraine". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 12 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  17. ^ "Ukraine training programme: New Zealand to send another 120 Defence staff". Radio New Zealand. 15 August 2022. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  18. ^ Coughlan, Thomas (20 November 2022). "Peeni Henare becomes first NZ minister to visit Ukraine since conflict". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  19. ^ "Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky addresses New Zealand Parliament". Radio New Zealand. 14 December 2022. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  20. ^ Wade, Amelia (14 December 2022). "Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky asks New Zealand to help remove landmines". Newshub. Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  21. ^ Davison, Isaac (13 November 2023). "Former New Zealand soldier fighting on frontline in Ukraine". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  22. ^ Cooke, Charlotte (19 September 2022). "Corporal Dominic Abelen believed to have worked for special forces foreign military unit". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  23. ^ "Missing New Zealand aid worker Andrew Bagshaw's body found in Ukraine, parents say". Radio New Zealand. 25 January 2023. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  24. ^ Cook, Charlotte (23 March 2023). "Kane Te Tai remembered as man of honour committed to aiding Ukraine". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  25. ^ a b c Chaban & Vernygora 2006, p. 90.
  26. ^ Chaban & Vernygora 2006, p. 92-93.
  27. ^ Chaban & Vernygora 2006, p. 93.
  28. ^ Chaban & Vernygora 2006, pp. 73–76.
  29. ^ Chaban & Vernygora 2006, p. 74.
  30. ^ a b Chaban & Vernygora 2006, p. 94.
  31. ^ Manch, Thomas (15 March 2022). "Government to offer visas to some 4000 family members of Ukrainian-born New Zealanders". Stuff. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  32. ^ "New Zealand announces new measures to support Ukraine". Deutsche Welle. 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  33. ^ Olley, Sam (6 November 2023). "Ukrainians in NZ 'feeling like they have failed' refugees". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  34. ^ Wood, Michael (28 February 2023). "Immigration pathway for Ukrainians extended". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.

Further reading

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