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Iraq Stars League

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Iraq Stars League
دوري نجوم العراق
Founded18 August 1974; 50 years ago (1974-08-18)
CountryIraq
ConfederationAFC
Number of teams20 (since 2014–15)
Level on pyramid1
Relegation toIraqi Division One
Domestic cup(s)Iraq FA Cup
Iraqi Super Cup
International cup(s)AFC Champions League
AFC Cup
Arab Club Champions Cup
Current championsAl-Shorta (6th title)
(2022–23)
Most championshipsAl-Zawraa
(14 titles)
Top goalscorerSahib Abbas
Amjad Radhi
(177 each)
TV partnersAl-Iraqiya TV
Websiteiraqileague.com
Current: 2023–24 Iraq Stars League

The Iraq Stars League (Arabic: دوري نجوم العراق) is the top level of the Iraqi football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Iraqi Division One.

The league was formed by the Iraq Football Association in 1974 as the Iraqi National Clubs League, the first nationwide league of clubs in Iraq, and later became known as the Iraqi Premier League. In 2023, the competition was transformed into a professional league under the name Iraq Stars League. The current format sees 20 teams playing 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 380 matches in the season.

Of the 79 teams to have competed since the inception of the league in 1974, eleven have won the title. Al-Zawraa are the most successful club with 14 titles, followed by Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya (7), Al-Shorta (6) and Al-Talaba (5), who together contest the Baghdad derbies. The current champions are Al-Shorta, who won the title in 2022–23.

History

Origins

Main article: Iraqi National First Division

Up until 1973, leagues in Iraq were played at a regional level.[1] The Central FA League, the Basra League and the Kirkuk League were all founded in 1948,[2] while the Mosul League was founded in 1950.[3] The first nationwide league to be held in the country was in the 1973–74 season when the Iraqi National First Division was formed,[4] with Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya being crowned champions.[5] The IFA then decided to replace the competition with a new National Clubs League which would only be open to clubs and not institute-representative teams.[6]

Foundation

The league held its first season in 1974–75 and was originally composed of ten clubs.[7] The league's first ever goal was scored by Falah Hassan of Al-Tayaran (now known as Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya) in a 1–1 draw with Al-Sinaa.[8] Al-Tayaran were crowned champions of the inaugural season which featured the following teams:[9]

"Stars League" formation

On 4 June 2023, Iraq Football Association (IFA) signed a three-year partnership agreement with Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (LaLiga) to transform the Iraqi Premier League into a professional league from the 2023–24 season. The competition is named the Iraq Stars League and is designed to meet the licensing criteria set down by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). A new association chaired by Matteo Mantovani was formed to operate the competition and supervise the associated youth leagues.[10] An Iraqi management team is also being trained by LaLiga to take control of the committee once the partnership deal ends.[11] A start date of 26 October 2023 was set for the first Stars League season.[12]

"Baghdad's Big Four" dominance

Main article: Baghdad derbies
Results of the 'Big Four' from 1990 to 2002
Season QWJ SHR TLB ZWR
1989–90 1 3 6 4
1990–91 6 3 2 1
1991–92 1 5 4 2
1992–93 3 4 1 2
1993–94 2 5 3 1
1994–95 2 6 4 1
1995–96 8 3 6 1
1996–97 1 5 3 2
1997–98 2 1 5 3
1998–99 3 5 2 1
1999–2000 2 3 4 1
2000–01 2 3 4 1
2001–02 2 3 1 4
Top four 11 8 10 13
out of 13
  League champions

Ever since the league began, it has been dominated by the four biggest clubs in Baghdad: Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya, Al-Shorta, Al-Talaba and Al-Zawraa, who together contest the Baghdad derbies.[13] From the 1989–90 season until the 2005–06 season, the league was won by one of the four Baghdad teams every time.[6] After the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, players started to leave the Baghdad-based clubs and join clubs in the North such as Erbil and Duhok due to the economic instability and security issues in the capital city.[14] This led to a shift in the dominance of the "Big Four" as Erbil won three consecutive league titles from 2007 to 2009 with Duhok winning the league in 2010.[15] In the 2008–09 season, none of Baghdad's Big Four clubs finished in the top four and this is the only time that this has happened in the history of the league; the top four spots were occupied by Erbil, Al-Najaf, Duhok and Al-Amana.[16] However, Baghdad's Big Four have since returned to dominating the league, having won all titles since 2015–16.

Competition format

Competition

There are currently 20 clubs in the Iraq Stars League. During the course of a season, each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games (however, matches between Baghdad's Big Four clubs are played at the neutral venue of Al-Shaab Stadium to accommodate more spectators).[17] Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then head-to-head points, then head-to-head goal difference, then total goal difference, then number of wins and then goals scored.[17] If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank.[17]

The team at the bottom of the table is relegated to the Iraqi Division One, while the 18th and 19th-placed teams compete in a two-legged play-off to determine the second team to be relegated. Meanwhile, the top two teams in the Division One are promoted to the Stars League. Each club must register a squad of 35 players and can use up to five players from their youth team. Each club is allowed a maximum of six foreign outfield players, of which up to five can play at any given time. A maximum of five substitutions are available per match for each team.[18] The winners of the league qualify for the Iraqi Super Cup, a match played against the winners of the Iraq FA Cup (if the league winners also win the Iraq FA Cup, they play the league runners-up instead).[19]

Clubs

2023–24 season

Twenty clubs are competing in the 2023–24 Iraq Stars League, including two promoted from the Division One:

2023–24
Club 		2022–23
Position 		First season in
the league 		Seasons
in the
league 		First season of
current spell in
the league 		Titles Most
recent title
Al-Hudood 13th 2008–09 12 2022–23 0 –
Al-Kahrabaa 5th 2004–05 19 2014–15 0 –
Al-Karkh 12th 1990–91 28 2018–19 0 –
Al-Minaa 1st (Div. 1) 1975–76 46 2023–24 1 1977–78
Al-Naftb 16th 1985–86 39 1985–86 0 –
Al-Najafb 7th 1987–88 37 1987–88 0 –
Al-Qasimb 17th 2019–20 5 2019–20 0 –
Al-Quwa Al-Jawiyaa, b 2nd 1974–75 50 1974–75 7 2020–21
Al-Shortaa, b 1st 1974–75 50 1974–75 6 2022–23
Al-Talabab 4th 1975–76 49 1975–76 5 2001–02
Al-Zawraab 3rd 1975–76 49 1975–76 14 2017–18
Amanat Baghdad 2nd (Div. 1) 1977–78 27 2023–24 0 –
Duhok 9th 1988–89 21 2022–23 1 2009–10
Erbil 6th 1987–88 32 2018–19 4 2011–12
Karbala 8th 1992–93 22 2022–23 0 –
Naft Al-Basra 15th 2004–05 19 2012–13 0 –
Naft Al-Wasatb 18th 2014–15 10 2014–15 1 2014–15
Naft Maysan 11th 2009–10 13 2013–14 0 –
Newrozb 10th 2021–22 3 2021–22 0 –
Zakho 14th 2002–03 19 2019–20 0 –

a: Founding member of the league
b: Never been relegated from the league

Map

class=notpageimage|
Location of clubs in Iraq for the 2023–24 Stars League season

Seasons in the League

79 teams have taken part in at least a single round of the league since its first season in 1974–75 up until the 2023–24 season (not counting the qualifying rounds of the 2000–01 season). The teams in bold are competing in the Iraq Stars League in the 2023–24 season. Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya and Al-Shorta are the only teams to have played in every single one of the 50 seasons.

Notes
  1. ^ Played the second half of the 1990–91 season to accommodate for the withdrawal of Erbil and played the first half of the 1993–94 season before being replaced by Babil.

Champions

Main article: List of Iraqi football champions
Club Titles Winning seasons
Al-Zawraa 14 1975–76, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1990–91, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2005–06, 2010–11, 2015–16, 2017–18
Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya 7 1974–75, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1996–97, 2004–05, 2016–17, 2020–21
Al-Shorta 6 1979–80, 1997–98, 2012–13, 2018–19, 2021–22, 2022–23
Al-Talaba 5 1980–81, 1981–82, 1985–86, 1992–93, 2001–02
Erbil 4 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2011–12
Al-Rasheed 3 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89
Al-Minaa 1 1977–78
Salahaddin 1 1982–83
Al-Jaish 1 1983–84
Duhok 1 2009–10
Naft Al-Wasat 1 2014–15

International competitions

Qualification for Asian competitions

The champions of the Iraq Stars League qualify for the subsequent season's AFC Champions League Elite group stage, while the winners of the Iraq FA Cup qualify for the AFC Champions League 2 group stage. If the same team wins the Stars League and the FA Cup, the Stars League runners-up qualify for the AFC Champions League 2 group stage. The number of places allocated to Iraqi clubs in AFC competitions is dependent upon the position the country holds in the AFC Club Competitions Ranking, which is calculated based upon the performance of teams in AFC competitions in the previous four years.[20]

Collectively, Iraqi teams have reached nine finals of Asian club competitions. Before the foundation of the national league, Aliyat Al-Shorta were the first Iraqi team to participate in the Asian Champion Club Tournament in 1971 and they reached the final, but they refused to play Israeli side Maccabi Tel Aviv and took the runner-up spot.[21] Al-Rasheed reached the final of the Asian Club Championship in 1989 but they lost a two-legged final on away goals to Al-Saad of Qatar.[21] Al-Talaba reached the final of the 1995 Asian Cup Winners' Cup but they lost it 2–1 to Bellmare Hiratsuka,[22] and five years later, Al-Zawraa lost the final of the same competition 1–0 to Shimizu S-Pulse in 2000.[23] Erbil reached the final of Asia's secondary tournament, the AFC Cup, twice in 2012 and 2014 but lost both times to Al-Kuwait and Al-Qadsia respectively.[14] Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya managed to win the AFC Cup when they beat Indian club Bengaluru FC 1–0 in the 2016 final, and they won the competition for the second consecutive season in 2017 by beating FC Istiklol by the same scoreline. They earned a joint-record third AFC Cup title with a 2–0 defeat of Altyn Asyr in 2018.[24]

Qualification for Arab competitions

The Stars League champions also qualify for the Arab Club Champions Cup, while the Stars League runners-up are admitted into the Arab Club Champions Cup qualifying rounds. Al-Shorta won the inaugural Arab Club Champions Cup in 1982 by defeating Al-Nejmeh 4–2 on aggregate in the final.[25] Meanwhile, Al-Rasheed won the Arab Club Champions Cup three times in a row in 1985, 1986 and 1987 and are the competition's joint-most successful side.[26]

Sponsorship

The league was founded as the National Clubs League and has been renamed several times, with the current Stars League name remaining in place since 2023. The competition has had title sponsorship rights sold to three companies, which were Zain Iraq in the 2009–10 season,[27] Asiacell in the 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons[28] and Fuchs in the 2015–16 season.[29]

Period Sponsor Brand
1974–1988 No sponsor National Clubs League
1988–1989 Pan-National Clubs League
1989–1995 National Clubs League
1995–1996 Advanced League
1996–1999 Premier League
1999–2000 First Division League
2000–2002 Elite League
2002–2003 First Division League
2003–2009 Premier League
2009–2010 Zain Iraq Zain Iraq League
2010–2012 Asiacell Asiacell Elite League
2012–2013 No sponsor Elite League
2013–2015 Premier League
2015–2016 Fuchs Fuchs Premier League
2016–2023 No sponsor Premier League
2023–present TBD Stars League

Players

Top scorers

See also: List of Iraq Stars League top scorers
As of 10 July 2023.[6]
Rank Player Goals First Last Club(s) (goals)
1 Iraq Sahib Abbas 177 1988 2012 Salahaddin (42), Al-Zawraa (62), Al-Talaba (18), Karbala (50), Al-Sinaa (5)
Iraq Amjad Radhi 2007 2023 Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya (98), Erbil (71), Al-Najaf (8)
3 Iraq Karim Saddam 171 1979 1996 Al-Sinaa (23), Al-Jaish (11), Al-Rasheed (4), Al-Zawraa (127), Al-Shorta (6)
4 Iraq Ali Hashim 170 1987 2004 Al-Najaf (149), Al-Karkh (21)
5 Iraq Hussein Abdullah 167 1991 2010 Al-Sinaa (32), Al-Naft (16), Diyala (40), Duhok (58), Erbil (14), Kirkuk (2), Peris (5)
6 Iraq Hammadi Ahmed 163 2005 2023 Samarra (19), Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya (144)
7 Iraq Younis Abid Ali 157 1983 2000 Al-Shorta (135), Al-Rasheed (15), Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya (3), Al-Difaa Al-Jawi (4)
8 Iraq Alaa Abdul-Zahra 155 2004 2023 Al-Zawraa (54), Duhok (26), Al-Shorta (75)
9 Iraq Ahmed Radhi 146 1981 1999 Al-Zawraa (103), Al-Rasheed (43)
10 Iraq Alaa Kadhim 145 1988 2007 Al-Sinaa (8), Al-Talaba (137)

Bold denotes players still playing in the Iraq Stars League.

Awards

Trophy

File:Iraqi Premier League shield.jpg
The shield for the 2022–23 season.

The current Iraq Stars League trophy is a flat octagonal shield which has been in use since the 2022–23 season. The outer edge of the shield is wooden and features ancient Sumerian symbols. The golden centre of the shield is adapted from the logo of the Iraq Football Association and also includes the logos of the participating clubs. The logo of the winning team is displayed at the bottom of the shield, with the words Iraqi Football League Champion written in Arabic along with the season.[30]

Records

League records

Titles
Wins
Losses
Goals

Match records

See also: List of highest-scoring Iraq Stars League matches
Scorelines
Attendances

Player records

See also: List of Iraq Stars League hat-tricks
Appearances
Titles
Goals

Managerial records

See also: List of Iraq Stars League winning managers
Titles

The following managers have won multiple titles:[47]

Manager Club(s) Wins Winning seasons
Iraq Ayoub Odisho Al-Talaba, Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya (2), Al-Zawraa 4 1992–93, 1996–97, 2017–18, 2020–21
Iraq Jamal Salih Al-Talaba, Al-Rasheed (2) 3 1981–82, 1987–88, 1988–89
Iraq Thair Ahmed Al-Talaba, Erbil (2) 2001–02, 2007–08, 2008–09
Iraq Basim Qasim Duhok, Al-Zawraa, Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya 2009–10, 2015–16, 2016–17
Iraq Saadi Salih Al-Zawraa 2 1975–76, 1976–77
Iraq Ammo Baba Al-Talaba, Al-Zawraa 1980–81, 1993–94
Iraq Amer Jameel Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya, Al-Zawraa 1989–90, 1998–99
Iraq Adnan Hamad Al-Zawraa 1995–96, 1999–2000
Iraq Sabah Abdul-Jalil Al-Zawraa, Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya 2000–01, 2004–05

See also

References

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