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Angelo Sodano

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His Eminence

Angelo Sodano

GCC
Dean of the College of Cardinals
Angelo Sodano in 2016
ProvinceDiocese of Rome
SeeAlbano,
S. Maria Nuova (in commendam)
Appointed30 April 2005
Term ended21 December 2019
PredecessorJoseph Ratzinger
SuccessorGiovanni Battista Re
Other post(s)
  • Cardinal-Bishop of Albano
  • Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria Nuova
Previous post(s)
  • Titular Archbishop of Nova Caesaris (1977–1991)
  • Apostolic Nuncio to Chile (1977–1988)
  • Secretary of the Roman Curia (1988–1989)
  • Official of the Secretariat of State (1989–1991)
  • Secretary of the Secretariat of State (1991–2006)
  • Vice-Dean (Sub-Dean) of the College of Cardinals (2002–2005)
  • Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia (2005–2019)
Orders
Ordination23 September 1950
by Umberto Rossi
Consecration15 January 1978
by Antonio Samorè
Created cardinal28 June 1991
by Pope John Paul II
RankCardinal-Priest
(1991–1994)
Cardinal-Bishop
(1994–2022)
Personal details
Born(1927-11-23)23 November 1927
Isola d'Asti, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy
Died27 May 2022(2022-05-27) (aged 94)
Rome, Italy
NationalityItalian
DenominationCatholic
Alma materPontifical Gregorian University
Pontifical Lateran University
Mottout unum sint
(that they may be one)
SignatureAngelo Sodano's signature
Coat of armsAngelo Sodano's coat of arms
Styles of
Angelo Sodano
Reference styleHis Eminence
Spoken styleYour Eminence
Informal styleCardinal
SeeAlbano (suburbicarian),
S. Maria Nuova (in commendam)
Coat of arms as knight of the Spanish Order of Charles III

Angelo Raffaele Sodano, GCC (23 November 1927 – 27 May 2022) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church and, from 1991 onward, a cardinal. He was the Dean of the College of Cardinals from 2005 to 2019 and Cardinal Secretary of State from 1991 to 2006; Sodano was the first person since 1828 to serve simultaneously as Dean and Secretary of State.

On 22 June 2006, Pope Benedict XVI accepted Sodano's resignation as Secretary of State, effective on 15 September 2006. He had served in the diplomatic corps of the Holy See since 1959, including a decade as nuncio to Chile from 1978 to 1988. On 21 December 2019 it was reported that Sodano shielded sexually abusive clergy in the Legion of Christ.[1] On the same day, Pope Francis accepted Sodano's resignation as Dean of the College of Cardinals.

Early life

The second of six children, Sodano was born on 23 November 1927 in Isola d'Asti, Piedmont, to Giovanni and Delfina Sodano. His father (1901–1991) was a Christian Democrat deputy in the Italian Parliament for three terms from 1948 until 1963.[2] After studying philosophy and theology at the seminary of Asti, Sodano was ordained a priest by Bishop Umberto Rossi on 23 September 1950, and then did pastoral work and taught dogmatic theology at the Asti seminary.[3]

He studied in Rome, obtaining a doctorate in theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University and a doctorate in canon law at the Pontifical Lateran University. To prepare for a diplomatic career, he entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in 1959.[4] Upon joining the diplomatic service of the Holy See, he served as secretary in nunciatures in Latin America. In 1968 he was assigned to the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church in the Vatican.[3]

Apostolic nuncio

On 30 November 1977, Sodano, who spoke English, German, Spanish, French, and Italian, was appointed titular archbishop of Nova Caesaris and apostolic nuncio to Chile, one of the countries where he had served as nunciature secretary.[3] He was consecrated in his native Asti by Cardinal Antonio Samoré on 15 January 1978. He arrived at a difficult moment, with Chile on the brink of war with Argentina over the Beagle Channel and Augusto Pinochet in power.[5] In 1980, together with Cardinal Raúl Silva Henríquez, he tried without success to get Pinochet to allow the return of certain political exiles, and in 1984 he obtained, at the cost of a dispute between the Holy See and the military government of Chile, safe conduct for four members of the Revolutionary Left Movement, who had sought diplomatic asylum in the nunciature, to leave for Ecuador.[5]

In 1987, when Pope John Paul II visited Chile, Sodano arranged for him to meet in the nunciature the leaders of the opposition to the Pinochet government.[5] The following year, the Pope appointed Sodano Secretary for Relations with States, a post corresponding to that of a foreign minister, and on 1 December 1990 named him Pro-Secretary of State, creating him Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria Nuova on 28 June 1991.[6]

Secretary of State

On 29 June 1991, Sodano became Cardinal Secretary of State, succeeding Cardinal Agostino Casaroli, who had retired on 1 December 1990.[3] On 10 January 1994, Pope John Paul II named Sodano Cardinal Bishop of the suburbicarian see of Albano. Sodano retained his relationship to the church of Santa Maria Nuova no longer as titular but in commendam, that is, in trust or in his custody.[3]

On 27 December 1998, he wrote, at the request of the democratic government of Chile, an official letter to the British Prime Minister Tony Blair stating that "the Chilean Government considers it an offence to its territorial sovereignty as a nation the fact of being deprived of the power to judge its own citizens" through the detention of Pinochet in Britain.[5] When in 2002 Sodano turned 75, John Paul invited him to stay on as Secretary of State, though this is the customary retirement age for heads of major Vatican departments.[6] On 30 November 2002, exactly twenty-five years after he was first appointed a bishop, he was elected vice-dean of the College of Cardinals, succeeding Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, who became dean.[7] In 2003, as the pope's legate to the celebration of the 500th anniversary of the election of the Renaissance Pope Julius II, he praised him for his vigorous defence of the Holy See in an age when its temporal role was still critical.[8]

Angelo Sodano with Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of State of the U.S. in 2005

Sodano participated as an elector in the 2005 papal conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI.[9] He was not generally considered a likely candidate himself,[10] though he reportedly received a few votes.[11] During the conclave, because Cardinal Ratzinger, the pope-elect, was the dean, Sodano as the sub-dean exercised the dean's duties, asking the pope-elect if he accepted his election and by what name he would be called.[12] At the papal inauguration, Sodano presented Pope Benedict XVI with the Ring of the Fisherman, and he was one of those who made the public profession of obedience to the new pope.[13]

Sodano's position as Secretary of State expired upon the death of John Paul II. Benedict XVI reappointed him to the position on 21 April 2005,[14] despite the fact that he was past the customary retirement age. On 30 April Benedict ratified Sodano's election to the position of Dean of the College of Cardinals by the suburbicarian cardinal bishops,[15] adding as was customary the suburbicarian see of Ostia to his honorary titles.[3]

On 22 June 2006, Benedict XVI accepted Sodano's resignation as Secretary of State, effective 15 September 2006.[16] On 18 September 2012, Sodano was named by Pope Benedict as one of the Synod Fathers of the 13th Ordinary General Assembly of the Catholic Synod of Bishops.[17]

When Pope Benedict resigned, Sodano as Dean of the College of Cardinals summoned the cardinals for the conclave during the sede vacante and was the principal concelebrant of the Pro eligendo Pontifice mass on the morning the conclave opened. He was not eligible to participate in the conclave, which elected Pope Francis.[18] At the inauguration of the new pope, Sodano, as Dean of the college, presented the Ring of the Fisherman to Francis.[19]

On 21 December 2019, Pope Francis accepted Sodano's resignation as Dean of the College of Cardinals,[20] following the Pope's annual Christmas meeting with officials of the Curia which opens with a greeting by the Dean.[21]

Sex abuse cases

Former Irish minister for foreign affairs Dermot Ahern revealed in 2018 that Sodano pressured him in 2004 to "indemnify the Catholic Church against legal actions for compensation by clerical child sexual-abuse survivors" in Ireland, which Ahern refused.[22]

Jason Berry writes that Sodano, as John Paul II's secretary of state, "pressured Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, then the head of Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and who would become Pope Benedict, to stop investigations into two notorious sex abuse cases," the Hans Hermann Groër case and the Marcial Maciel case.[23] In his address as Dean of the College of Cardinals to Pope Benedict XVI at Easter 2010, Sodano told him: "The people of God are with you and do not allow themselves to be impressed by the petty gossip of the moment, by the trials that sometimes assail the community of believers." Victims of clerical sex abuse misinterpreted the "petty gossip" remark as a highly inappropriate reference to their complaints.[24][25]

On 8 May 2010, the Austrian Catholic news agency Kathpress published remarks made by Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, in what was supposed to be a private conversation with newspaper editors. The Austrian cardinal criticized Sodano's "petty gossip" comment, and indicated that Sodano had blocked the actions of then-Cardinal Ratzinger, who was serving as head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and was intending to investigate accusations against Schönborn's predecessor Cardinal Hans Hermann Groër. Schönborn added: "The days of cover-up are over. For a long while the Church's principle of forgiveness was falsely interpreted and was in favour of those responsible and not the victims."[26][27]

Sodano is one of many Catholic bishops and cardinals who are accused in an August 2018 letter by former Apostolic Nuncio to the United States Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò of failing to act on reports of sexual misconduct by former cardinal Theodore McCarrick. According to Viganò, his predecessors in the nuncio position attempted to warn the Holy See about McCarrick, but McCarrick was shielded from discipline by a series of secretaries of state, including Sodano.[28][29]

On 21 December 2019, the Legion of Christ identified 33 of its priests and 71 of its seminarians as sexually abusing 175 children for decades, and singled out Sodano as the leader of efforts to cover up the reports of abuse when he was serving as Secretary of State.[1][30] Sodano was accused of seeking a deal to bury documents detailing abuse.[1] A third of the sex abuse cases which Sodano was accused of covering up involved Legion of Christ founder and notorious predator priest Marcial Maciel.[1] The same day, Pope Francis accepted Sodano's resignation as Dean of the College of Cardinals.[31] The Holy See Press Office announcement of his resignation provided no reason for it.[20]

Death

Sodano died of complications from COVID-19 and pneumonia on 27 May 2022, at the age of 94.[32][33][34] Pope Francis paid tribute to Sodano, "I recall his diligent work alongside so many of my predecessors, who entrusted him with important responsibilities in Vatican diplomacy, up to the delicate office of Secretary of State. In the Roman Curia, he carried out his mission with exemplary dedication. I, too, was able to benefit from his gifts of mind and heart, especially during the time when he exercised the office of Dean of the College of Cardinals. In every assignment, he showed himself to be an ecclesially disciplined man, an amiable pastor, animated by a desire to spread the leaven of the Gospel everywhere."[35]

In accordance with his wishes, Sodano was interred in the crypt of the cathedral in Asti.[36]

Awards

  • 2004: International Vittorino Colombo Prize[37]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Legion of Christ finds 33 priests, 71 seminarian bishops sex abusers". Associated Press. 28 April 2021.
  2. ^ "Giovanni Sodano". Camera dei deputati (in Italian). Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Sodano Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  4. ^ "Pontificia Accademia Ecclesiastica, Ex-alunni 1950 – 1999" (in Italian). Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d Sodano, el contacto de Chile en el Vaticano (in Spanish) in El Mercurio on 21 November 2004. Retrieved 22 September 2008
  6. ^ a b "Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Vatican Secretary of State under two popes, has died at 94". 28 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  7. ^ "Rinunce e Nomine, 30.11.2002" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 30 November 2002. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  8. ^ "Sermon Cardinal Sodano on the pontificate of Pope Jules II". 30 November 2003. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  9. ^ "Elenco degli Em.mi Cardinali che entrano in Conclave secondo il loro rispettivo ordine di precedenza (Vescovi, Presbiteri, Diaconi)" [List of the Eminent Cardinals entering into Conclave according to their respective order of precedence (Bishops, Priests, Deacons)]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede (in Italian). 18 April 2005. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  10. ^ Goodstein, Laurie (3 April 2005). "Challenge Is Posed in Selecting a Successor". New York Times. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  11. ^ "Cardinal Spills Secrets from Conclave". Fox News. Associated Press. 23 September 2005. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  12. ^ Allen Jr., John L. (2005). The Rise of Benedict XVI: The Inside Story of How the Pope was Elected and Where He Will Take the Catholic Church. Doubleday. pp. 116–8. ISBN 9780307424105. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  13. ^ "Pope Benedict XVI installed". Al Jazeera. 24 April 2005. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  14. ^ "NOMINE E CONFERME NELLA CURIA ROMANA, 21.04.2005" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 21 April 2005. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  15. ^ "Rinunce e Nomine, 30.04.2005" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 30 April 2005. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  16. ^ "Rinunce e Nomine, 22.06.2006" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 22 June 2006. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  17. ^ "Synodus Episcoporum, 23.10.2005" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 23 October 2005.
  18. ^ Rocca, Francis X. (12 March 2013). "In pre-conclave sermon, Cardinal Sodano calls for unity". The Catholic Sun. Retrieved 31 May 2022. Cardinal Sodano's words could also prove influential, but he is too old to vote in this conclave, ...
  19. ^ Wooden, Cindy (19 March 2013). "Pope begins ministry with biblical symbols, signs of universal ministry". Catholic Register. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  20. ^ a b "Rinunce e nomine, 21.12.2019" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 21 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  21. ^ "Angelo Sodano deja de ser el Decano del Colegio cardenalicio". Revista Ecclesia (in Spanish). 21 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  22. ^ McGarry, Patsy (8 August 2018). "Vatican proposed Irish State indemnify it against clerical abuse claims". The Irish Times. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  23. ^ Berry, Jason (11 February 2013). "The Pope Could Still Right the Wrongs". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  24. ^ Pullella, Philip (4 April 2010). "Cardinal defends pope, denounces 'petty gossip'". Reuters.
  25. ^ Squires, Nick (5 April 2010). "Cardinal tells Pope not to be distracted by 'petty gossip'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010.
  26. ^ Pullella, Philip (9 May 2010). "Cardinal accuses Vatican official of abuse cover-up". Reuters.
  27. ^ Pisa, Nick (10 May 2010). "Vatican cardinal attacks fellow cardinal for 'covering up' abuse case". The Telegraph.
  28. ^ Pentin, Edward (25 August 2018). "Ex-nuncio accuses Pope Francis of failing to act on McCarrick's abuse reports". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  29. ^ Horowitz, Jason (26 August 2018). "Pope Francis Long Knew of Cardinal's Abuse and Must Resign, Archbishop Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  30. ^ McGarry, Patsy. "Cardinal (92) who 'sought deal' to bury sex abuse documents resigns". Irish Times. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019.
  31. ^ Harris, Elise (21 December 2019). "Cardinal tainted by abuse scandals steps down as dean, pope sets term limit". Crux. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  32. ^ Allen, John (28 May 2022). "Cardinal Angelo Sodano, longtime Vatican power broker, dies". CNN. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  33. ^ O'Connell, Gerard (28 May 2022). "Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Vatican Secretary of State under two popes, has died at 94". America. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  34. ^ "Addio al cardinale Sodano. L'ex segretario di Stato aveva 94 anni". Faro di Roma (in Italian). 27 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  35. ^ "Pope Francis attends funeral of Cardinal Sodano". catholicnewsagency.com. Catholic News Agency (CNA). Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  36. ^ "Questa mattina in Cattedrale la solenne cerimonia in suffragio del cardinal Sodano". La Voce di Asti (in Italian). 1 June 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  37. ^ Fondazione Vittorino Colombo – Prizes[permanent dead link]
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Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Apostolic Nuncio to Chile
30 November 1977 – 23 May 1988 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Secretary for Relations with States
1 March 1989 – 1 December 1990 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal Secretary of State
29 June 1991 – 15 September 2006 		Succeeded by
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Gerardo Humberto Flores Reyes
 — TITULAR —
Titular Archbishop of Nova Cæsaris
30 November 1977 – 28 June 1991 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal Priest of Santa Maria Nova
28 June 1991 – 27 May 2022 		Succeeded by
New creation President of the Interdicasterial Commission on Particular Churches
29 June 1991 – 15 September 2006 		Succeeded by
President of the Interdicasterial Commission for the Church in Eastern Europe
29 June 1991 – 15 September 2006
Preceded by Cardinal Protector of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy
29 June 1991 – 15 September 2006
Preceded by Cardinal Bishop of Albano
10 January 1994 – 27 May 2022 		Vacant
Preceded by Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals
30 November 2002 – 30 April 2005 		Succeeded by
Cardinal Bishop of Ostia
30 April 2005 – 21 December 2019 		Succeeded by
Dean of the College of Cardinals
30 April 2005 – 21 December 2019
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