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National Liberation Committee

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For the French government under De Gaulle in exile during World War II, see French Committee of National Liberation.
National Liberation Committee
Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale
Leaders
Founded9 September 1943
Dissolved1 June 1947[1]
HeadquartersRome
IdeologyAnti-fascism

The National Liberation Committee (Italian: Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale, CLN) was a political umbrella organization and the main representative of the Italian resistance movement fighting against the German occupation of Italy in the aftermath of the armistice of Cassibile. It was a multi-party entity, whose members were united by their anti-fascism.[2] The CLN coordinated and directed the Italian resistance and was subdivided into the Central Committee for National Liberation (CCLN) based in Rome and the later National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy (CLNAI) based in Milan.

History

The CLN was formed on 9 September 1943, following Italy's surrender to the Allies and Germany's invasion of the country. The member parties were the Italian Communist Party, the Italian Socialist Party, the Action Party, Christian Democracy, the Labour Democratic Party, and the Italian Liberal Party. With the backing of the Royal government and the Allied powers, CLN gained official recognition as the representative of the Italian resistance movement, and had several leaders operating underground in German-occupied Italy.[3]

The partisan formations controlled by the CLN were primarily divided between three main groups, Communist Garibaldi Brigades, the Action Party's Justice and Freedom Brigades, and Socialist "Matteotti" Brigades. Smaller groups included Catholic and monarchist partisans. There were partisan units not represented in the CLN, including the Brigata Maiella and anarchist, republican and Trotskyist formations.[4]

The CLN led the governments of Italy from the liberation of Rome in June 1944 until the first post-war general election in 1946.

Composition

Party Main ideology Leader/s
bgcolor="Template:Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color" | Christian Democracy Christian democracy Alcide De Gasperi
bgcolor="Template:Italian Socialist Party/meta/color" | Italian Socialist Party Socialism Pietro Nenni
bgcolor="Template:Italian Communist Party/meta/color" | Italian Communist Party Communism Palmiro Togliatti
bgcolor="Template:Italian Liberal Party/meta/color" | Italian Liberal Party Liberalism Manlio Brosio
bgcolor="Template:Action Party (Italy)/meta/color" | Action Party Liberal socialism Ferruccio Parri
bgcolor="Template:Labour Democratic Party/meta/color" | Labour Democratic Party Social democracy Ivanoe Bonomi

Seats

House Period Seats
National Council 5 April 1945 – 24 June 1946
156 / 304
Constituent Assembly 25 June 1946 – 1 June 1947
503 / 556

See also

References

  1. ^ The CLN was de facto dissolved with the end of De Gasperi III Cabinet.
  2. ^ Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale – CLN
  3. ^ La formazione del CLNAI (Comitato di liberazione nazionale Alta Italia)
  4. ^ Il Cln, spiegato bene: che cosa era il Comitato di Liberazione nazionale
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