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1987 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race

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Senior men's race at the 1987 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
OrganisersIAAF
Edition15th
DateMarch 22
Host cityWarszawa, Poland Poland
VenueSłużewiec Racecourse
Events1
Distances11.95 km – Senior men
Participation278 athletes from
38 nations

The Senior men's race at the 1987 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Warszawa, Poland, at the Służewiec Racecourse on March 22, 1987. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald[1] and in the Evening Times.[2]

Complete results,[3] medallists, [4] and the results of British athletes[5] were published.

Race results

Senior men's race (11.95 km)

Individual

Rank Athlete Country Time
1st place, gold medalist(s) John Ngugi  Kenya 36:07
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Paul Kipkoech  Kenya 36:07
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Paul Arpin  France 36:51
4 Abebe Mekonnen  Ethiopia 36:53
5 Some Muge  Kenya 36:54
6 Andrew Masai  Kenya 37:01
7 Pat Porter  United States 37:04
8 Paul McCloy  Canada 37:08
9 Bruno Le Stum  France 37:09
10 Dave Clarke  England 37:10
11 Steve Moneghetti  Australia 37:11
12 Ed Eyestone  United States 37:11
13 Francesco Panetta  Italy 37:12
14 José Regalo  Portugal 37:13
15 Pierre Levisse  France 37:13
16 John Halvorsen  Norway 37:14
17 Haji Bulbula  Ethiopia 37:14
18 Moses Tanui  Kenya 37:17
19 Vincent Rousseau  Belgium 37:25
20 Carl Thackery  England 37:25
21 Sisa Kirati  Kenya 37:28
22 Kevin Forster  England 37:30
23 Steve Binns  England 37:31
24 Steve Plasencia  United States 37:31
25 Constantino Esparcia  Spain 37:31
26 Gelindo Bordin  Italy 37:33
27 Wodajo Bulti  Ethiopia 37:37
28 Vicente Polo  Spain 37:38
29 Wolde Silasse Melkessa  Ethiopia 37:39
30 David Burridge  New Zealand 37:42
31 Stanley Mandebele  Zimbabwe 37:42
32 Marco Gozzano  Italy 37:43
33 Craig Mochrie  England 37:43
34 Kazuya Nishimoto  Japan 37:43
35 John Woods  Ireland 37:44
36 Severino Bernardini  Italy 37:45
37 Fernando Mamede  Portugal 37:46
38 Jonathan Richards  England 37:47
39 Melese Feissa  Ethiopia 37:48
40 Nat Muir  Scotland 37:49
41 Joaquim Pinheiro  Portugal 37:49
42 Abel Antón  Spain 37:51
43 Tim Hutchings  England 37:51
44 Konrad Dobler  West Germany 37:52
45 Bekele Debele  Ethiopia 37:53
46 Paul Roden  England 37:56
47 Jos Maes  Belgium 37:57
48 Boniface Merande  Kenya 37:57
49 Habib Romdani  Tunisia 37:58
50 Ezequiel Canario  Portugal 37:59
51 El Hachami Abdenouz  Algeria 38:00
52 Arnold Mächler   Switzerland 38:01
53 Habte Negash  Ethiopia 38:01
54 Salvatore Bettiol  Italy 38:02
55 Emmanuel Goulin  France 38:02
56 Fethi Manai  Tunisia 38:03
57 Lars-Erik Nilsson  Sweden 38:04
58 Jarl Gaute Aase  Norway 38:04
59 Martin McLoughlin  England 38:05
60 Krzysztof Wesołowski  Poland 38:08
61 Juan José Rosario  Spain 38:08
62 Franco Boffi  Italy 38:09
63 Dionísio Castro  Portugal 38:10
64 Eddy De Pauw  Belgium 38:11
65 Peter Butler  Canada 38:11
66 Abderrazak Gtari  Tunisia 38:11
67 Samuel Nyangincha  Kenya 38:11
68 Thierry Pantel  France 38:12
69 Martin Vrabel  Czechoslovakia 38:12
70 Chala Urgessa  Ethiopia 38:12
71 Kozu Akutsu  Japan 38:14
72 Ralf Salzmann  West Germany 38:15
73 Erik De Beck  Belgium 38:16
74 Ken Moloney  New Zealand 38:17
75 Shuichi Yoneshige  Japan 38:17
76 John Jenkins  Wales 38:18
77 Mats Erixon  Sweden 38:18
78 Peter Van de Kerkhove  Belgium 38:19
79 Rex Wilson  New Zealand 38:19
80 Mahieddine Belhadj  Algeria 38:20
81 Valentin Rodríguez  Spain 38:22
82 Bogusław Mamiński  Poland 38:26
83 Jan Huruk  Poland 38:27
84 Peter Brett  Australia 38:28
85 Bernd Bürger  West Germany 38:30
86 Helge Dolsvåg  Norway 38:30
87 George Nicholas  United States 38:30
88 Shuzo Nakajima  Japan 38:31
89 Mahmoud Hazzazi  Algeria 38:33
90 Jan Hagelbrand  Sweden 38:34
91 Gregor Cameron  New Zealand 38:34
92 Paul O'Callaghan  Ireland 38:35
93 Tonnie Dirks  Netherlands 38:36
94 Art Boileau  Canada 38:36
95 Jean-Yves Berau  France 38:36
96 Negatu Seyoum  Ethiopia 38:36
97 William Vanhuylenbroek  Belgium 38:37
98 Graeme Fell  Canada 38:37
99 Paul Wheeler  Wales 38:38
100 Roy Dooney  Ireland 38:38
101 Hans-Jürgen Orthmann  West Germany 38:39
102 Abdelhak Henane  Algeria 38:40
103 Santiago Llorente  Spain 38:42
104 António Pinto  Portugal 38:43
105 Aart Stigter  Netherlands 38:44
106 Cándido Alario  Spain 38:45
107 Steve Jones  Wales 38:45
108 Brad Camp  Australia 38:46
109 Rob Lonergan  Canada 38:46
110 Diamantino dos Santos  Brazil 38:46
111 Giuseppe Miccoli  Italy 38:47
112 Zdenek Mezulianik  Czechoslovakia 38:47
113 Doug Cronkite  Canada 38:47
114 Alejandro Gómez  Spain 38:48
115 Spiridon Andreopoulos  Greece 38:49
116 Lasmani Merzougui  Algeria 38:49
117 Marc Borghans  Netherlands 38:49
118 Axel Hardy  West Germany 38:50
119 Sławomir Gurny  Poland 38:50
120 Mike Bishop  Wales 38:50
121 Dag Øxnevad  Norway 38:50
122 Jonny Danielson  Sweden 38:51
123 Vincent Kibiwott  Kenya 38:51
124 Mohamed Difallah  Algeria 38:52
125 Truls Nygaard  Norway 38:52
126 Gianni Demadonna  Italy 38:52
127 David Barney  United States 38:54
128 Peter McColgan  Northern Ireland 38:54
129 Fernando Couto  Portugal 38:55
130 Mohamed Salah Rajhi  Tunisia 38:56
131 Antonio Prieto  Spain 38:57
132 Melusi Ndhlela  Zimbabwe 38:57
133 Farai Kamucheka  Zimbabwe 38:59
134 Chris Buckley  Wales 39:02
135 Willy Goddaert  Belgium 39:03
136 Ieuan Ellis  Wales 39:03
137 Terence Mitchell  Scotland 39:07
138 Jacques Krähenbühl   Switzerland 39:09
139 Gerry Deegan  Ireland 39:09
140 Patric Nilsson  Sweden 39:10
141 Herman Hofstee  Netherlands 39:10
142 Zdenek Moravcik  Czechoslovakia 39:10
143 Alain Bordeleau  Canada 39:12
144 Brahim Ayachi  Tunisia 39:12
145 Bogusław Psujek  Poland 39:14
146 John Robson  Scotland 39:15
147 Pierre-Andre Gobet   Switzerland 39:16
148 Michel Franssen  Netherlands 39:19
149 Chris Robison  Scotland 39:19
150 Cyrille Laventure  France 39:20
151 Rebai Settouh  Algeria 39:20
152 Tommy Murray  Scotland 39:20
153 Tadayoshi Kametaka  Japan 39:22
154 James Fallon  Ireland 39:22
155 David Rush  New Zealand 39:23
156 Adam Hoyle  Australia 39:23
157 Andrzej Malicki  Poland 39:23
158 Oddmund Roalkvam  Norway 39:26
159 Adelaziz Bouguerra  Tunisia 39:26
160 Marius Hasler   Switzerland 39:26
161 Douglas Tolson  United States 39:30
162 Brahim Boudina  Algeria 39:30
163 Miroslav Bauckmann  Czechoslovakia 39:31
164 Kazimierz Lasecki  Poland 39:31
165 Håkan Börjesson  Sweden 39:31
166 Martin Stock  Australia 39:32
167 Niels Kim Hjorth  Denmark 39:33
168 Rainer Gutschank  West Germany 39:34
169 Gentil de Mello  Brazil 39:35
170 Kerry Rodger  New Zealand 39:36
171 Fotios Kourtis  Greece 39:37
172 Nicos Vasiliou  Cyprus 39:38
173 Luis Horta  Portugal 39:39
174 Thierry Watrice  France 39:42
175 James Mutsimba  Zimbabwe 39:43
176 Nicholas Nyengerai  Zimbabwe 39:43
177 Gerard Barrett  Australia 39:44
178 Gerry Craig  Ireland 39:46
179 Chris Tobin  New Zealand 39:48
180 Neil Tennant  Scotland 39:48
181 Charles Haskett  Scotland 39:49
182 Shane Marshall  New Zealand 39:54
183 Khristos Papakhristos  Greece 39:55
184 Satoshi Yano  Japan 39:55
185 Clovis Estevam  Brazil 39:56
186 Alberto Cova  Italy 39:57
187 Konstantin Kyriazis  Greece 39:58
188 Mark Kirk  Northern Ireland 39:59
189 Markus Graf   Switzerland 40:00
190 Deon McNeilly  Northern Ireland 40:01
191 Geoffrey Wade  Northern Ireland 40:03
192 Ross Copestake  Scotland 40:04
193 Norman Tinkham  Canada 40:05
194 Thomas Sørensen  Denmark 40:08
195 Raymond Pannier  France 40:09
196 Allister Hutton  Scotland 40:10
197 Zephaniah Ncube  Zimbabwe 40:10
198 Robert Hodge  United States 40:13
199 Tony Simmons  Wales 40:16
200 Hichem Oueslati  Tunisia 40:19
201 Peter Govaerts  Belgium 40:19
202 Jolar de Azevedo  Brazil 40:20
203 Hari Singh  India 40:21
204 John Christiansen  Denmark 40:24
205 Gerald Neely  Northern Ireland 40:25
206 Emmanuel Handzos  Greece 40:25
207 Elias de Moura  Brazil 40:26
208 Philippe Lahuerte  Canada 40:28
209 Romuald Krupanek  Poland 40:29
210 Richard Mulligan  Ireland 40:29
211 Tomasz Kozłowski  Poland 40:31
212 Brendan Downey  Ireland 40:33
213 Kurt Huerst   Switzerland 40:33
214 Markus Hacksteiner   Switzerland 40:36
215 Ezzedine Amdouni  Tunisia 40:36
216 Zeki Öztürk  Turkey 40:37
217 John McDowell  Northern Ireland 40:39
218 Jamie Harrison  Australia 40:39
219 Anastasiou Psathas  Greece 40:44
220 Jan-Erik Arvidsson  Sweden 40:45
221 Guido Sasse  Netherlands 40:47
222 Chauhan Jagat Singh  India 40:49
223 Randy Reina  United States 40:51
224 Mohamed Hammami  Tunisia 40:57
225 Hsu Gi-Sheng  Chinese Taipei 41:01
226 Gregorio Lavandoski  Brazil 41:06
227 Savas Koubouras  Greece 41:08
228 Basil Brown  Jamaica 41:09
229 Marc van Rooy  Netherlands 41:11
230 Gerard Kiernan  Ireland 41:13
231 Ernie Cunningham  Northern Ireland 41:14
232 Shivkumar Shreshta  India 41:15
233 Amit Ne'eman  Israel 41:31
234 Linton McKenzie  Jamaica 41:37
235 Mohamed Idriss  Egypt 41:39
236 Ashok Kumar  India 41:40
237 Isao Saito  Japan 41:40
238 Surender Pal Singh  India 41:41
239 Prem Singh  India 41:43
240 Fotios Bourkoulas  Greece 41:51
241 Liu Chang-Chung  Chinese Taipei 41:56
242 João Pereira  Brazil 41:58
243 Pyara Singh  India 41:59
244 Derrick Adamson  Jamaica 42:03
245 Nigel Adams  Wales 42:05
246 Ho Hsin-Ye  Chinese Taipei 42:06
247 David Lonnen  Northern Ireland 42:08
248 Kenji Ide  Japan 42:21
249 Mark Elliott  Jamaica 42:39
250 Chou Hsien-Kuang  Chinese Taipei 42:48
251 Tim Soutar  Hong Kong 42:56
252 Demetrios Thephylactou  Cyprus 42:57
253 Lee Yin-Sheng  Chinese Taipei 43:05
254 Cebert Cooper  Jamaica 43:12
255 Vasilios Chimonis  Cyprus 43:14
256 Kharalambos Pratsis  Cyprus 43:20
257 Wu Yu-Chia  Chinese Taipei 43:42
258 Kamel Amine Taha  Egypt 43:43
259 John Walsh  Northern Ireland 43:44
260 Mohamed Haremes  Egypt 43:50
261 Efthymious Loizi  Cyprus 43:52
262 Joseph Crossley  Hong Kong 43:55
263 Maurice Szeto-Jan  Hong Kong 44:05
264 Paul Smith  Jamaica 44:13
265 Nikólaos Leonidou  Cyprus 44:18
266 Alvin Bernard  Jamaica 44:23
267 Hsu Kuang-Piao  Chinese Taipei 44:37
268 Wong Chung Man  Hong Kong 45:00
269 Hon Kwai Kwok  Hong Kong 45:13
270 Andreas Anastasoiu  Cyprus 45:24
271 Wong Ip Chor  Hong Kong 45:27
272 Georgios Kyriacou  Cyprus 45:37
273 Wong Sai Hine  Hong Kong 45:39
274 Ming Kuen Hon  Hong Kong 46:31
Domingos Castro  Portugal DNF
Peder Poulsen  Sweden DNF
Engelbert Franz  West Germany DNF
Thorsten Jakobsson  Sweden DNF

Teams

Rank Team Points
1st place, gold medalist(s)  Kenya
John Ngugi 1
Paul Kipkoech 2
Some Muge 5
Andrew Masai 6
Moses Tanui 18
Sisa Kirati 21
(Boniface Merande) (48)
(Samuel Nyangincha) (67)
(Vincent Kibiwott) (123)
53
2nd place, silver medalist(s)  England
Dave Clarke 10
Carl Thackery 20
Kevin Forster 22
Steve Binns 23
Craig Mochrie 33
Jonathan Richards 38
(Tim Hutchings) (43)
(Paul Roden) (46)
(Martin McLoughlin) (59)
146
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)  Ethiopia
Abebe Mekonnen 4
Haji Bulbula 17
Wodajo Bulti 27
Wolde Silasse Melkessa 29
Melese Feissa 39
Bekele Debele 45
(Habte Negash) (53)
(Chala Urgessa) (70)
(Negatu Seyoum) (96)
161
4  Italy
Francesco Panetta 13
Gelindo Bordin 26
Marco Gozzano 32
Severino Bernardini 36
Salvatore Bettiol 54
Franco Boffi 62
(Giuseppe Miccoli) (111)
(Gianni Demadonna) (126)
(Alberto Cova) (186)
223
5  France
Paul Arpin 3
Bruno Le Stum 9
Pierre Levisse 15
Emmanuel Goulin 55
Thierry Pantel 68
Jean-Yves Berau 95
(Cyrille Laventure) (150)
(Thierry Watrice) (174)
(Raymond Pannier) (195)
245
6  Portugal
José Regalo 14
Fernando Mamede 37
Joaquim Pinheiro 41
Ezequiel Canario 50
Dionísio Castro 63
António Pinto 104
(Fernando Couto) (129)
(Luis Horta) (173)
(Domingos Castro) (DNF)
309
7  Spain
Constantino Esparcia 25
Vicente Polo 28
Abel Antón 42
Juan José Rosario 61
Valentin Rodríguez 81
Santiago Llorente 103
(Cándido Alario) (106)
(Alejandro Gómez) (114)
(Antonio Prieto) (131)
340
8  Belgium
Vincent Rousseau 19
Jos Maes 47
Eddy de Pauw 64
Eric de Beck 73
Peter Van de Kerkhove 78
Willy van Huylenbroeck 97
(Willy Goddaert) (135)
(Peter Govaerts) (201)
378
9  United States
Pat Porter 7
Ed Eyestone 12
Steve Plasencia 24
George Nicholas 87
David Barney 127
Douglas Tolson 161
(Robert Hodge) (198)
(Randy Reina) (223)
418
10  Canada
Paul McCloy 8
Peter Butler 65
Art Boileau 94
Graeme Fell 98
Rob Lonergan 109
Doug Cronkite 113
(Alain Bordeleau) (143)
(Norman Tinkham) (193)
(Philippe Lahuerte) (208)
487
11  Algeria
El Hachami Abdenouz 51
Mahieddine Belhadj 80
Mahmoud Hazzazi 89
Abdelhak Henane 102
Lasmani Merzougui 116
Mohamed Difallah 124
(Rebai Settouh) (151)
(Brahim Boudina) (162)
562
12  Norway
John Halvorsen 16
Jarl Gaute Aase 58
Helge Dolsvåg 86
Dag Øxnevad 121
Truls Nygaard 125
Oddmund Roalkvam 158
564
13  West Germany
Konrad Dobler 44
Ralf Salzmann 72
Bernd Bürger 85
Hans-Jürgen Orthmann 101
Axel Hardy 118
Rainer Gutschank 168
(Engelbert Franz) (DNF)
588
14  New Zealand
David Burridge 30
Ken Moloney 74
Rex Wilson 79
Gregor Cameron 91
David Rush 155
Kerry Rodger 170
(Chris Tobin) (179)
(Shane Marshall) (182)
599
15  Tunisia
Habib Romdani 49
Fethi Manai 56
Abderrazak Gtari 66
Mohamed Salah Rajhi 130
Brahim Ayachi 144
Adelaziz Bouguerra 159
(Hichem Oueslati) (200)
(Ezzedine Amdouni) (215)
(Mohamed Hammami) (224)
604
16  Japan
Kazuya Nishimoto 34
Kozu Akutsu 71
Shuichi Yoneshige 75
Shuzo Nakajima 88
Tadayoshi Kametaka 153
Satoshi Yano 184
(Isao Saito) (237)
(Kenji Ide) (248)
605
17  Poland
Krzysztof Wesołowski 60
Bogusław Mamiński 82
Jan Huruk 83
Sławomir Gurny 119
Bogusław Psujek 145
Andrzej Malicki 157
(Kazimierz Lasecki) (164)
(Romuald Krupanek) (209)
(Tomasz Kozłowski) (211)
646
18  Sweden
Lars-Erik Nilsson 57
Mats Erixon 77
Jan Hagelbrand 90
Jonny Danielson 122
Patric Nilsson 140
Håkan Börjesson 165
(Jan-Erik Arvidsson) (220)
(Peder Poulsen) (DNF)
(Thorsten Jakobsson) (DNF)
651
19  Wales
John Jenkins 76
Paul Wheeler 99
Steve Jones 107
Mike Bishop 120
Chris Buckley 134
Ieuan Ellis 136
(Tony Simmons) (199)
(Nigel Adams) (245)
672
20  Ireland
John Woods 35
Paul O'Callaghan 92
Roy Dooney 100
Gerry Deegan 139
James Fallon 154
Gerry Craig 178
(Richard Mulligan) (210)
(Brendan Downey) (212)
(Gerard Kiernan) (230)
698
21  Australia
Steve Moneghetti 11
Peter Brett 84
Brad Camp 108
Adam Hoyle 156
Martin Stock 166
Gerard Barrett 177
(Jamie Harrison) (218)
702
22  Scotland
Nat Muir 40
Terence Mitchell 137
John Robson 146
Chris Robison 149
Tommy Murray 152
Neil Tennant 180
(Charles Haskett) (181)
(Ross Copestake) (192)
(Allister Hutton) (196)
804
23  Netherlands
Tonnie Dirks 93
Aart Stigter 105
Marc Borghans 117
Herman Hofstee 141
Michel Franssen 148
Guido Sasse 221
(Marc van Rooy) (229)
825
24  Zimbabwe
Stanley Mandebele 31
Melusi Ndhlela 132
Farai Kamucheka 133
James Mutsimba 175
Nicholas Nyengerai 176
Zephaniah Ncube 197
844
25   Switzerland
Arnold Mächler 52
Jacques Krähenbühl 138
Pierre-Andre Gobet 147
Marius Hasler 160
Markus Graf 189
Kurt Huerst 213
(Markus Hacksteiner) (214)
899
26  Greece
Spiridon Andreopoulos 115
Fotios Kourtis 171
Khristos Papakhristos 183
Konstantin Kyriazis 187
Emmanuel Handzos 206
Anastasiou Psathas 219
(Savas Koubouras) (227)
(Fotios Bourkoulas) (240)
1081
27  Brazil
Diamantino dos Santos 110
Gentil de Mello 169
Clovis Estevam 185
Jolar de Azevedo 202
Elias de Moura 207
Gregorio Lavandoski 226
(João Pereira) (242)
1099
28  Northern Ireland
Peter McColgan 128
Mark Kirk 188
Deon McNeilly 190
Geoffrey Wade 191
Gerald Neely 205
John McDowell 217
(Ernie Cunningham) (231)
(David Lonnen) (247)
(John Walsh) (259)
1119
29  India
Hari Singh 203
Chauhan Jagat Singh 222
Shivkumar Shreshta 232
Ashok Kumar 236
Surender Pal Singh 238
Prem Singh 239
(Pyara Singh) (243)
1370
30  Cyprus
Nicos Vasiliou 172
Demetrios Thephylactou 252
Vasilios Chimonis 255
Kharalambos Pratsis 256
Efthymious Loizi 261
Nikólaos Leonidou 265
(Andreas Anastasoiu) (270)
(Georgios Kyriacou) (272)
1461
31  Chinese Taipei
Hsu Gi-Sheng 225
Liu Chang-Chung 241
Ho Hsin-Ye 246
Chou Hsien-Kuang 250
Lee Yin-Sheng 253
Wu Yu-Chia 257
(Hsu Kuang-Piao) (267)
1472
32  Jamaica
Basil Brown 228
Linton McKenzie 234
Derrick Adamson 244
Mark Elliott 249
Cebert Cooper 254
Paul Smith 264
(Alvin Bernard) (266)
1473
33  Hong Kong
Tim Soutar 251
Joseph Crossley 262
Maurice Szeto-Jan 263
Wong Chung Man 268
Hon Kwai Kwok 269
Wong Ip Chor 271
(Wong Sai Hine) (273)
(Ming Kuen Hon) (274)
1584
  • Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result

Participation

An unofficial count yields the participation of 278 athletes from 38 countries in the Senior men's race. This is in agreement with the official numbers as published.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Gillon, Doug (March 23, 1987), Lynch's supreme effort just fails in Polish mud - Liz Lynch gave everything she had, and then found a little more, but it was not quite enough to capture the world cross-country title on the freezing muddy wastes of Sluzewiac racecourse this afternoon..., Glasgow Herald, p. 10, retrieved October 22, 2013
  2. ^ Sad Lynch comes out second best - Not even the consolidation of the silver medal could bring a smile to the face of Scotland's Liz Lynch after the World Cross Cross Country Championships in Warsaw.., Evening Times, March 23, 1987, p. 17, retrieved October 22, 2013
  3. ^ Magnusson, Tomas (September 8, 2007), IAAF World Cross Country Championships - 12.0km CC Men - Warszawa Sluzewiec Date: Sunday, March 22, 1987, Athchamps (archived), archived from the original on October 16, 2007, retrieved October 22, 2013
  4. ^ IAAF WORLD CROSS COUNTRY CHAMPIONSHIPS, Athletics Weekly, retrieved October 9, 2013
  5. ^ a b 36th IAAF WORLD CROSS COUNTRY CHAMPIONSHIPS - EDINBURGH 2008 - FACTS & FIGURES - GREAT BRITAIN & NORTHERN IRELAND AT THE INTERNATIONAL CROSS COUNTRY & WORLD CROSS COUNTRY CHAMPIONSHIPS (PDF), IAAF, p. 2ff, archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2013, retrieved October 9, 2013