Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms
Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (simplified Chinese: 三国志注; traditional Chinese: 三國志注; pinyin: Sān Guó Zhì Zhù) by Pei Songzhi (372-451) is an annotation completed in the 5th century of the 3rd century historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms, compiled by Chen Shou. After leaving his native land, Pei Songzhi became the Gentleman of Texts under the Liu Song Dynasty, and was given the assignment of editing the book, which was completed in 429. This became the official history of the Three Kingdoms period, under the title Sanguozhi zhu (zhu meaning "notes"). He went about providing detailed explanations to some of the geography and other elements mentioned in the original. More importantly, he made corrections to the work, in consultation with records he collected of the period. In regard to historical events and figures, as well as Chen Shou's opinions, he added his own commentary. From his broad research, he was able to create a history which was relatively complete, without many of the loose ends of the original. Some of the added material was colourful and of questionable authenticity, possibly fictional. All the additional material made the book close to twice the length of the original.
List of texts used in Pei Songzhi's annotations
Official and private histories
| Title | Translation | Author / Compiler | Notes | Locus of First Citation[note 1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 帝王世紀 Diwang Shiji |
The Era of Sovereigns | Huangfu Mi | Deeds of emperors and kings since legendary times | 38.975, n 3 |
| 典略 Dianlüe |
Yu Huan | Believed to be based on parts of Weilüe | 1.45, n 1 | |
| 高士傳 Gaoshi Zhuan |
Huangfu Mi | Contains biographies of people from the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors era to the Three Kingdoms period | 11.355 | |
| 漢紀 Han Ji |
Annals of Han | Yuan Hong | Annalistic history of the Later Han | 2.57–8, n 3 |
| 漢紀 Han Ji |
Annals of Han | Zhang Fan (張璠) | Also known as Annals of the Later Han (後漢紀) May never have been completed.[note 2] | 1.3, n 2 |
| 漢晉春秋 Han Jin Chunqiu |
Chronicles of Han and Jin | Xi Zuochi | Records the history of Han Dynasty up to the Western Jin Dynasty | 1.20 |
| 漢書 Han Shu |
Book of Han | Hua Qiao (華嶠) | Hua Qiao was a grandson of Hua Xin. Records the history of the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Also known as Later Book of Han (漢後書). Not to be confused with the Book of Han by Ban Biao and his children. | 6.177 |
| 漢書注 Han Shu Zhu |
Annotated Book of Han | Ban Gu and Ban Zhao; Ying Shao, annotation | Official history of the Western Han Dynasty. Extant. | 1.36, n 5 |
| 漢魏春秋 Han Wei Chunqiu |
Chronicles of Han and Wei | Kong Yan (孔衍) | Historical record of the late Han Dynasty and Wei Dynasty | 1.46, n 2 |
| 後漢書 Hou Han Shu |
Book of the Later Han | Xie Cheng (謝承) | Records the history of the late Han Dynasty. Not to be confused with Fan Ye's Book of the Later Han. Xie Cheng was a younger brother of Sun Quan's wife Lady Xie. | 1.6–7 n 5 |
| 華陽國志 Huayang Guo Zhi |
Chronicles of Huayang | Chang Qu | Records the history of Ba–Shu (巴蜀; present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) from the Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty | 32.875, n 2 |
| 交廣記 Jiaoguang Ji |
Records of Jiao and Guang provinces | Wang Yin (王隱) | Records the geographical history of Jiao and Guang provinces | 60.1385 |
| 晉惠帝起居注 Jin Huidi Qiju Zhu |
Notes on Daily Life in Emperor Hui of Jin's Time | Records about events in the reign of Emperor Hui of Jin | 8.262, n 2 | |
| 晉泰始起居注 Jin Taishi Qiju Zhu |
Notes on Daily Life in Taishi of Jin | Records about events in the Taishi era (265-274) of the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin | 35.932–3 | |
| 晉紀 Jin Ji |
Annals of Jin | Gan Bao | Records the history of the Western Jin Dynasty[1] | 3.145 n 1 |
| 晉書 Jin Shu |
Book of Jin | Wang Yin (王隱) | Records the history of the Western Jin Dynasty. Co-written by Wang Yin's father Wang Quan (王銓). Not to be confused with the official history of the Jin Dynasty, the Book of Jin by Fang Xuanling et al. | 1.49, n 3 |
| 晉書 Jin Shu |
Book of Jin | Yu Yu (虞預) | Yu Yu's Book of Jin is believed to have been plagiarised from correspondence with Wang Yin (王隱)[2] | 21.605–6 |
| 晉陽秋 Jin Yang Qiu |
Sun Sheng | Records the history of the Jin Dynasty up to Emperor Ai of Jin's time | 8.253, n 2 | |
| 九州春秋 Jiuzhou Chunqiu |
Annals of the Nine Provinces | Sima Biao | Records the history of the late Han Dynasty in ten fascicles | 1.4 |
| 九州記 Jiuzhou Ji |
Records of the Nine Provinces | Xun Chuo (荀綽) | Divided into nine volumes, each covering one of the Nine Provinces.[note 3] | 11.336 |
| 靈帝紀 Lingdi Ji |
Annals of Emperor Ling | Liu Ai (劉艾) | Records about Emperor Ling of Han | 1.45, n 1 |
| 默記 Mo Ji |
Records Written from Memory | Zhang Yan (張儼) | Records of Zhuge Liang and others | 35.935–6 |
| 三朝錄 San Chao Lu |
Records of the Three Dynasties | Zhang Wen?[note 4] | Information on Sun Lang (孫朗) | 51.1213; biography of Sun Kuang |
| 三國評 San Guo Ping |
Commentary on the Three Kingdoms | Xu Zhong (徐眾) | Commentary on events in the Three Kingdoms period | 7.237 |
| 史記 Shiji |
Records of the Grand Historian | Sima Qian | First complete history. Extant. | 19.568–9, n 2; biography of Cao Zhi[3] |
| 世語 Shiyu |
Accounts of this Generation | Guo Song (郭頒) | Also known as Wei Jin Shiyu (魏晉世語). A particularly poor historical text.[note 5] | 1.2, n 3 |
| 蜀本紀 Shu Benji |
Basic Annals of Shu | Qiao Zhou | Records about Liu Bei | 32.889, n 1 |
| 蜀記 Shu Ji |
Records of Shu | Wang Yin (王隱) | Records about the history of Shu | 18.547, n 2; biography of Pang De |
| 通語 Tongyu |
Complete Accounts | Yin Ji (殷基) | Accounts of the beginnings of the Jin Dynasty | 44.1062, n 1 |
| 魏紀 Wei Ji |
Annals of Wei | Yin Dan (殷澹) | 19.558, n 1; biography of Cao Zhi | |
| 魏略 Weilüe |
Brief History of Wei | Yu Huan | 1.18 | |
| 魏末傳 Wei Mo Zhuan |
Records of the End of Wei | Records events that occurred near the end of the Wei state | 3.91, n 2 | |
| 魏氏春秋 Wei Shi Chunqiu |
Chronicles of the Ruling Family of Wei | Sun Sheng | Records the history of Wei in chronological order | 1.18 |
| 魏書 Wei Shu |
Book of Wei | Wang Chen, Xun Yi, Ruan Ji | Compiled after the fall of Wei | 1.1 n 1 |
| 吳紀 Wu Ji |
Annals of Wu | Huan Ji (環濟) | 53.1247, n 4 | |
| 吳歷 Wu Li |
History of Wu | Hu Chong (胡沖) | 2.89 | |
| 吳錄 Wu Lu |
Records of Wu | Zhang Bo (張勃) | 37.954, n 2 | |
| 吳書 Wu Shu |
Book of Wu | Wei Zhao | 1.11, n 1 | |
| 吳志 Wu Zhi |
Records of Wu | 1.6, n 3 | ||
| 獻帝春秋 Xiandi Chunqiu |
Chronicles of Emperor Xian | Yuan Wei (袁暐)[4] | Records about Emperor Xian of Han. | 1.12 |
| 獻帝起居注 Xiandi Qiju Zhu |
Notes on Emperor Xian's Daily Life | Records the events in the reign of Emperor Xian of Han | 1.22, n 2 | |
| 續漢書 Xu Han Shu |
Continuation of the Book of Han | Sima Biao | Records about the late Eastern Han Dynasty | 1.1–2 |
Government documents
| Title | Translation | Author / Compiler | Notes | Locus of First Citation[note 1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 百官名 Baiguan Ming |
Official Posts | Register of Officials during the Jin Dynasty | 12.390; biography of Sima Zhi (司馬芝) | |
| 禪晉文 Shan Jin Wen |
On the Abdication to Jin | Cao Wei court document outlining their position on the succession of power | 14.455 n 2; biography of Jiang Ji | |
| 太康三年地記 Taikang San Nian Diji |
Land Survey of 282[note 6] | Government survey of population and local conditions | 22.637 n 1; biography of Chen Qun | |
| 魏郊祀奏 Wei Jiaosi Zou |
Memorandum on Wei's Biannual Nature Sacrifice | Government document of Cao Wei | 2.83 | |
| 魏名臣奏 Wei Mingchen Zou |
Memorials of Famous Ministers of Wei | Chen Shou[5] | Compiled in the Zhengshi era (240–249) of the reign of Cao Fang.[citation needed] | 3.111–2 |
| 咸熙元年百官名 Xianxi Yuannian Baiguan Ming |
Official Posts of the Opening Year of the Xianxi Period | Register of officials of Cao Wei in 264 | 28.794 | |
| 獻帝傳 Xiandi Zhuan |
Biography of Emperor Xian | Records about Emperor Xian of Han. Supplementary to Xiandi Ji. Contains memorials sent by various officials to Emperor Xian, urging the latter to abdicate in favour of Cao Pi. | 1.39–40, n 3 |
Individual, family, and group biographies
| Title | Translation | Author / Compiler | Notes | Locus of First Citation[note 1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 邴原別傳 Bing Yuan Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Bing Yuan | Records and letters of Bing Yuan (邴原) and associates | 11.351–4 | |
| 曹瞞傳 Cao Man Zhuan |
Biography of Cao Man | Records about Cao Cao's life prior to his rise to power | 1.1 n 1 | |
| 曹志別傳 Cao Zhi Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Cao Zhi | Records about Cao Zhì (曹志), son of Cao Zhí | 19.577 n 2; biography of Cao Zhi | |
| 陳留耆舊傳 Chenliu Qijiu Zhuan |
Biographies of the Seniors of Chenliu | Su Lin (蘇林)[6] | Contains biographies of people from Chenliu (陳留) | 24:683, n 2; biography of Gao Rou |
| 陳氏譜 Chen Shi Pu |
Chen Family Genealogy | Records about Chen Tai and his family | 22:641 n 2; biography of Chen Qun | |
| 程曉別傳 Cheng Xiao Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Cheng Xiao | Records about Cheng Xiao (程曉) | 14.431, n 2 | |
| 楚國先賢傳 Chuguo Xianxian Zhuan |
Biographies of the Departed Worthies of Chu | Contains biographies of people from Jing Province | 4.141 | |
| 崔氏譜 Cui Shi Pu |
Cui Family Genealogy | Records about Cui Lie (崔烈) and his family, the Cui clan of Boling | 35.911, n 3 | |
| 杜氏新書 Du Shi Xinshu |
Mr Du's New Book | [note 7] | History of the Du family. Also known as Du Shi Youqiu Xinshu (杜氏幽求新書). | 16.497; biography of Du Ji |
| 費禕別傳 Fei Yi Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Fei Yi | Records about Fei Yi | 44.1061, nn 1–3 | |
| 顧譚傳 Gu Tan Zhuan |
Biography of Gu Tan | Lu Ji[note 8] | Biography of Gu Tan | 52.1231, n 1 |
| 管輅別傳 Guan Lu Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Guan Lu | Guan Chen (管辰) | Records about Guan Lu | 29.811; biography of Guan Lu |
| 毌丘儉志記 Guanqiu Jian Zhi Ji |
The Records of Guanqiu Jian | Likely an unofficial, family-style biography of Guanqiu Jian[7] | 3.112 | |
| 郭林宗傳 Guo Linzong Zhuan |
Biography of Guo Linzong | Biography of Guo Tai (郭泰) | 22.648 | |
| 郭氏譜 Guo Shi Pu |
Guo Family Genealogy | Records about Guo Huai and his family | 26.734 | |
| 漢末名士錄 Han Mo Mingshi Lu |
Records of Famous People of the Late Han Dynasty | 6.192 | ||
| 胡氏譜 Hu Shi Pu |
Hu Family Genealogy | Records about Hu Zhi (胡質) and his family | 27.741; biography of Hu Zhi | |
| 華佗別傳 Hua Tuo Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Hua Tuo | Records about Hua Tuo | 29.802; biography of Hua Tuo | |
| 嵇康別傳 Ji Kang Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Ji Kang | Ji Xi (嵇喜) | 21.606; Biography of Ji Kang | |
| 嵇氏譜 Ji Shi Pu |
Ji Family Genealogy | Records about Ji Kang and his family | 20.583; biography of Cao Lin (曹林) | |
| 機雲別傳 Ji Yun Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biographies of [Lu] Ji and [Lu] Yun | Records about Lu Ji and Lu Yun (陸雲), sons of Lu Xun | 58.1360–1, n 2 | |
| 家傳 Jia Zhuan |
The Story of My Family | Cao Cao | The Cao family's background and lineage | 14.455 n 2; biography of Jiang Ji |
| 江表傳 Jiang Biao Zhuan |
Yu Pu (虞溥) | Contains biographies of people from the Jiangnan region | 1.39–40 | |
| 晉諸公贊 Jin Zhugong Zan |
Appraisal of Officials of Jin | Fu Chang (傅暢) | Contains biographies of officials in the Wei and Jin courts | 4.138 |
| 孔氏譜 Kong Shi Pu |
Kong Family Genealogy | About Kong Yi (孔乂) and his family | 16.514–5; biography of Cang Ci | |
| 會稽典錄 Kuaiji Dianlu |
Esteemed Records of Kuaiji | Contains records of people from Kuaiji (會稽) | 46.1100, n 10 | |
| 會稽邵氏家傳 Kuaiji Shao Shi Jia Zhuan |
Genealogy of the Shao Family of Kuaiji | Records about Shao Chou (邵疇) and his family | 48.1170–1 | |
| 零陵先賢傳 Lingling Xianxian Zhuan |
Biographies of the Departed Worthies of Lingling | Contains biographies of people from Lingling (零陵) | 6.216, n 5 | |
| 劉氏譜 Liu Shi Pu |
Liu Family Genealogy | Records about Liu Yi (劉廙) and his family | 21.617, n 4 | |
| 劉廙別傳 Liu Yi Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Liu Yu | Records about Liu Yi (劉廙) | 21.614–5, n 2 | |
| 廬江何氏家傳 Lujiang He Shi Jia Zhuan |
Genealogy of the He Family of Lujiang | 21.622, n 5 | ||
| 盧諶別傳 Lu Chen Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Lu Chen | 22.653 | ||
| 陸氏祠堂像贊 Lu Shi Citang Xiang Zan |
Records about Lu Xun and his family | 58.1343 | ||
| 陸氏世頌 Lu Shi Shisong |
Lu Family Genealogy | Records about Lu Xun and his family | 58.1343 | |
| 陸遜銘 Lu Xun Ming |
Obituary Inscription of Lu Xun | Lu Ji[note 8] | 58.1349 | |
| 潘尼別傳 Pan Ni Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Pan Ni | Records about Pan Ni (潘尼) | 21.613, n 1 | |
| 潘岳別傳 Pan Yue Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Pan Yue | Records about Pan Yue (潘岳) | 21.613, n 1 | |
| 裴氏家紀 Pei Shi Jia Ji |
Pei Family Genealogy | Fu Chang (傅暢) | 42.1024, n 3 | |
| 平原禰衡傳 Pingyuan Mi Heng Zhuan |
Biography of Mi Heng of Pingyuan | Life and letters of Mi Heng and associates | 10.311, n 2 | |
| 譜敘 Pu Xu |
Discussion of the Genealogy[note 9] | Hua Jiao (華嶠) | Deeds of Hua Xin (華歆), family, and associates | 13.402, n 3 |
| 任嘏別傳 Ren Gu Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Ren Gu | Records about Ren Gu (任嘏) | 27.748, n 6 | |
| 汝南先賢傳 Runan Xianxian Zhuan |
Biographies of Departed Worthies of Runan | Zhou Pei (周裴)[6] | Contains biographies of people from Runan | 23.658; biography of He Qia |
| 阮氏譜 Ruan Shi Pu |
Ruan Family Genealogy | About Ruan Wu (阮武) and his family | 16.508; biography of Du Shu (杜恕) | |
| 三輔決錄注 Sanfu Jue Lu Zhu |
Annotated Selected Records of Sanfu | Zhao Qi; Zhi Yu (摯虞), annotation | Records about people in the Sanfu area surrounding Guanzhong, Shaanxi | 1.50, n 2 |
| 山濤行狀 Shan Tao Xingzhuang |
Records of Shan Tao (山濤) | 21.607 | ||
| 山陽公載記 Shanyang Gong Zaiji |
Records of the Duke of Shanyang | Yue Zi (樂資) | Anecdotes related to Liu Xie (劉協, Emperor Xian of Han) | 1.31, n 2 |
| 蜀世譜 Shu Shi Pu |
Shu Genealogy | Sun Sheng | 34.906, n 3 | |
| 孫惠別傳 Sun Hui Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Sun Hui | Records about Sun Hui (孫惠) | 51.1211, n 3 | |
| 孫氏譜 Sun Shi Pu |
Sun Family Genealogy | Records about Sun Zi (孫資) and his family | 14.462 | |
| 孫資別傳 Sun Zi Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Sun Zi | Records about Sun Zi (孫資) | 14.457–9, nn 1, 2, 4 | |
| 王弼傳 Wang Bi Zhuan |
Biography of Wang Bi | He Shao (何劭) | Biography of Wang Bi | 14.449, n 2 |
| 王朗家傳 Wang Lang Jia Zhuan |
Wang Lang Family Biographies | About Wang Lang and his family | 13.407 | |
| 王氏譜 Wang Shi Pu |
Wang Family Genealogy | Probably two separate documents,[note 10] one registering the Wang clan of Langye, the other recording the Wang clan of Taiyuan | Langye: 24.679; biography of Cui Lin Taiyuan: 27.744; biography of Wang Xu | |
| 魏世譜 Wei Shi Pu |
Genealogy of Wei | Sun Sheng | 4.123, n 1 | |
| 魏武故事 Wei Wu Gushi |
Story of the Martial Emperor of Wei [Cao Cao] | Records of people and events associated with Cao Cao | 1.18 | |
| 文士傳 Wenshi Zhuan |
Biographies of Scholars | [note 11] | Biographies of various people | 9.280; 10.312, n 2; biography of Xun Yu |
| 吳質別傳 Wu Zhi Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Wu Zhi | Records about Wu Zhi | 21.609–610 | |
| 先賢行狀 Xianxian Xingzhuang |
The Background of Departed Worthies | Biographical information of various people including Xu Qiu (徐璆) | 1.30 | |
| 獻帝記 Xiandi Ji |
Records of Emperor Xian | [note 12] | Records about Emperor Xian of Han. | 1.13, n 2 |
| 襄陽記 Xiangyang Ji |
Records of Xiangyang | Xi Zuochi | Contains biographies of people from Xiangyang (present-day Xiangyang, Hubei) | 35.913, n 1 |
| 荀粲傳 Xun Can Zhuan |
Biography of Xun Can | He Shao (何劭) | Biography of Xun Can (荀粲) | 10.319–320 |
| 荀氏家傳 Xun Shi Jia Zhuan |
Xun Family Genealogy | Records about Xun Yu, Xun You, and their family | 10.316, n 1 | |
| 荀勗別傳 Xun Xu Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Xun Xu | Records about Xun Xu | 10.332 | |
| 荀彧碑文 Xun Yu Beiwen |
Epitaph of Xun Yu | Pan Xu (潘勗) | Xun Yu's epitaph | 10.312, n 2; biography of Xun Yu |
| 荀彧別傳 Xun Yu Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Xun Yu | Records about Xun Yu | 10.315 | |
| 逸士傳 Yishi Zhuan |
Biographies of Hermits | Huangfu Mi | Stories of political recluses | 1.31, n 1 |
| 益部耆舊傳 Yi Bu Qijiu Zhuan |
Biographies of the Seniors of the Yi Region | [note 13] | Contains biographies of people from Yi Province | 31.866, n 4 |
| 英雄記 Yingxiong Ji |
Chronicles of Heroes and Champions | Wang Can | Also known as Han Mo Yingxiong Ji (漢末英雄記; Chronicles of Heroes of the Late Han Dynasty). Records about the warlords of the late Han Dynasty. | 1.6 |
| 虞翻別傳 Yu Fan Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Yu Fan | Records about Yu Fan | 57.1317, n 3 | |
| 庾氏譜 Yu Shi Pu |
Yu Family Genealogy | Records about Yu Ni (庾嶷) and his family | 11.363, n 3 | |
| 袁氏世紀 Yuan Shi Shiji |
Annals of the Yuan Family | Records about Yuan Huan and his family | 11.334 | |
| 趙雲別傳 Zhao Yun Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Zhao Yun | Records about Zhao Yun | 36.948–9 | |
| 鄭玄別傳 Zheng Xuan Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Zheng Xuan | Records about Zheng Xuan | 4.142 | |
| 鄭玄傳 Zheng Xuan Zhuan |
Biography of Zheng Xuan | Biography of Zheng Xuan | 38.970; biography of Sun Qian | |
| 鍾會母傳 Zhong Hui Mu Zhuan |
The Biography of My Mother | Zhong Hui | Biography of Zhong Hui's mother | 28.784, .785–6 |
| 諸葛恪別傳 Zhuge Ke Biezhuan |
Unofficial Biography of Zhuge Ke | Records about Zhuge Ke | 64.1430, n 1 | |
| 諸葛氏譜 Zhuge Shi Pu |
Zhuge Family Genealogy | Records about Zhuge Liang and his family | 35.932, n 2 |
Encyclopoediae, dictionaries, and references
| Title | Translation | Author / Compiler | Notes | Locus of First Citation[note 1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 博物記 Bowu Ji |
[note 14] | Encyclopoedia. Also contains deeds and legacy of Wang Can, Wang Kai (王凱), and of the descendants of Chen Shi.[8] | 11.339 n 1 | |
| 博物志 Bowuzhi |
Zhang Hua | Records about myths and legends, ancient history, natural science and miscellaneous things | 1.54, n 2 | |
| 方言注 Fangyan Zhu |
Yang Xiong; Guo Pu, annotation | Dictionary of topolectal terms | 40.996; 50.1197 | |
| 風俗通義 Fengsu Tongyi |
Ying Shao | Extant | 6.179, n 6 | |
| 決疑要注 Jue Yi Yao Zhu |
Annotated Guide to Dispelling Doubts | Zhi Yu (摯虞) | Contains information on the manufacture of jade ornaments | 21.599 n 3; biography of Wang Can |
| 列女傳 Lienü Zhuan |
Biographies of Exemplary Women | Huangfu Mi | Extant | 9.293 |
| 三蒼 Sancang |
Guo Pu, annotation | Elementary educational text cited as a dictionary | 1.30 | |
| 神異經 Shen Yi Jing |
Classic of Spirits and Oddities | Dongfang Shuo | Mythical places and creatures | 4.118; biography of Cao Fang |
| 四體書勢序 Sitishu Shi Xu |
Preface to Forms of the Four Modes of Writing | Wei Heng (衛恆) | Calligraphic treatise | 1.31, n 1 |
| 序傳 Xu Zhuan |
Prefaces to Biographies | Sima Biao | Errata and corrigenda to biographies of the Three Kingdoms period and early Jin Dynasty | 1.49, n 3 |
| 異物志 Yiwu Zhi |
Records of the Bizarre | Yang Fu (楊孚) | Mythological places and things | 4.117, n 2 |
| 志林 Zhilin |
Forest of Records | Yu Xi | Information about the various kinds of imperial seal | 46.1099, n 9 |
Poetry, essays, philosophy, and literature
| Title | Translation | Author / Compiler | Notes | Locus of First Citation[note 1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 百一詩 Bai Yi Shi |
Ying Qu (應璩) | Poetry | 2.61–2 | |
| 辨亡論 Bian Wang Lun |
How Wu was Lost | Lu Ji[note 8] | Essay on the fall of Eastern Wu | 48.1179–82 |
| 抱朴子 Baopuzi |
Ge Hong | Daoist classic. Extant. | 48.1162 n 2 | |
| 曹公集 Cao Gong Ji |
Lord Cao Collection | Compilation of the works of Cao Cao. Extant. | 38.970, n 2 | |
| 陳思王集 Chen Si Wang Ji |
Collected Works of Prince Si of Chen [Cao Zhi] | Cao Zhi | Poetry, letters, essays. Exant. | 2.76 |
| 從軍詩 Congjun Shi |
Embedded | Wang Can | Poetry in praise of Cao Cao's military prowess | 1.47 |
| 大墓賦 Da Mu Fu |
Rhapsody on the Great Tomb | Lu Ji[note 8] | Poetry[note 15] | 2.62 |
| 帝集 Di Ji |
Collected Works of the Emperor | Cao Mao | Essays | 4.138 |
| 典論 Dianlun |
Cao Pi | 1.7, n 6 | ||
| 傅咸集 Fu Xian Ji |
Collected Works of Fu Xian | Fu Xian (傅咸) | Compilation of the works of Fu Xian (傅咸) | 22.649 |
| 傅子 Fu Zi |
Fu Xuan | Essays and poetry | 1.26 | |
| 嵇康集 Ji Kang Ji |
Collected Works of Ji Kang | Ji Kang | Poetry and essays | 21.606; Biography of Ji Kang |
| 家戒 Jia Jie |
Family Rules | Du Shu (杜恕) | Records of Zhang Ge (張閣) | 11.354; biography of Bing Yuan |
| 家誡 Jia Jie |
Family Rules | Wang Chang (王昶) | 1.52 | |
| 孔融集 Kong Rong Ji |
Collected Works of Kong Rong | Kong Rong | Essays, poetry, and memorials | 11.345–6 |
| 禮論 Lilun |
Discussion on Proprieties | Information on Xie Ci (謝慈) | 59.1374 | |
| 列異傳 Lieyi Zhuan |
Cao Pi? | Collection of supernatural tales | 13.405 | |
| 明堂論 Mingtang Lun |
Cai Yong | Meta-exegesis | 4.142–3 | |
| 潘岳集 Pan Yue Ji |
Collected Works of Pan Yue | Pan Yue (潘岳) | Records the cognomina of members of the family of Yang Ji (楊暨) | 26.728 |
| 七略 Qi Lüe |
Liu Xiang | 38.974 | ||
| 啓蒙注 Qi Meng Zhu |
Gu Kaizhi | 3.104 | ||
| 啓事 Qishi |
The Explanation of Matters | Shan Tao (山濤) | Also known as Shan Gong Qishi (山公啓事) | 16.493, n 2; biography of Su Ze (蘇則) |
| 神仙傳 Shenxian Zhuan |
Stories of Immortals | Ge Hong | 32.891 | |
| 聖主得賢臣頌 Shengzhu De Xianchen Song |
Ode to the Sagely Ruler Obtaining a Talented Minister | Wang Bao (王褒) | Poetry | 42.1040, n 9; biography of Xi Zheng |
| 書林 Shulin |
Forest of Documents | Ying Qu (應璩) | Records the cognomen of Zhan Qian (棧潛) | 25.719 |
| 蜀都賦 Shu Du Fu |
Rhapsody on the Capital of Shu | Zuo Si | Poetry | 38.975, n 2 |
| 說苑 Shuoyuan |
Garden of Stories | Liu Xiang | Historical and fictional stories. | 19.568, n 1; biography of Cao Zhi |
| 搜神記 Soushen Ji |
In Search of the Supernatural | Gan Bao | 2.75–6, n 3 | |
| 頭責子羽 | Zhang Min (張敏) | 14.461, n 3 | ||
| 萬機論 Wan Ji Lun |
Jiang Ji (蔣濟) | 37.954, n 3 | ||
| 王朗集 Wang Lang Ji |
Collected Works of Wang Lang | Wang Lang | 13.411, n 2 | |
| 魏都賦 Wei Du Fu |
Wei Capital Rhapsody | Zuo Si | One of the Three Capitals Rhapsodies (三都賦) | 11.360 |
| 文章敘錄 Wenzhang Xulu |
Xun Xu (荀勗) | Also known as 雜撰文章家集敘 (Collected Analyses of Various Selected Authors) | 9.273, n 3 | |
| 文章志 Wenzhang Zhi |
Zhi Yu (摯虞) | 6.216, n 5 | ||
| 新論 Xin Lun |
New Discourses | Huan Tan | Essays | 42.1040, n 8 |
| 新序 Xin Xu |
New Prefaces | Liu Xiang | Collection of historical and fictional tales. Extant. | 21.614; biography of Liu Yi (劉廙) |
| 楊都賦注 Yang Du Fu Zhu |
Annotated Rhapsody on the Capital of Yang | Yu Chan (庾闡) | Poetry | 47.1148, n 1 |
| 姚信集 Yao Xin Ji |
Collected Works of Yao Xin | Yao Xin (姚信) | Report praising Lu Yusheng (陸鬱生), daughter of Lu Ji (陸績) | 57.1329 |
| 異林 Yilin |
Lu Yun's (陸雲) nephew | 13.396, n 3 | ||
| 異同雜語 Yitong Zayu |
Miscellaneous Words on Similarities and Differences | Sun Sheng | [note 16] | 1.3, n 2 |
| 袁子 Yuanzi[note 17] |
Yuan Zhun (袁準) | Essays | 20.591–2 | |
| 越絕書 Yue Jue Shu |
Stories about the ancient state of Yue, and its final king Goujian | 42.1039, n 4; biography of Xi Zheng | ||
| 戰略 Zhanlüe |
Military Strategy | Sima Biao | 6.211–2, n 2 | |
| 張超集 Zhang Chao Ji |
Collected Works of Zhang Chao | Zhang Chao (張超) | Letter of recommendation for Yuan Yi (袁遺) | 1.7, n 6 |
| 仲長統冒言表 Zhongchang Tong Mao Yan Biao |
Zhongchang Tong's Report on Brave Speech | Miao Xi (繆襲) | Biography and reports of Zhongchang Tong (仲長統) | 21.620 |
| 諸葛亮集 Zhuge Liang Ji |
Collected Works of Zhuge Liang | Chen Shou | Also known as Zhuge Family Collection (諸葛氏集). Compilation of the works and writings of Zhuge Liang. | 32.891 |
Correspondence
| Title | Translation | Author / Compiler | Notes | Locus of First Citation[note 1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 馬先生序 Ma Xiansheng Xu |
Introduction to Elder Ma | Fu Xuan | Letter in paise of Ma Jun (馬鈞) of Fufeng | 29.807–8 |
| untitled poem and response | Cao Jia (曹嘉) and Shi Chong (石崇) | 20.587–8, n 2; biography of Cao Biao (曹彪) | ||
| untitled letter | Wang Biaozhi (王彪之) | Letter to Yin Hao, advising him on a course of diplomacy | 21.618; biography of Liu Shao | |
| untitled announcement | Wen Qin and Guanqiu Jian | Announcement of the righteousness of their rebellion against Sima Yi | 28.763–5; biography of Guanqiu Jian | |
| untitled letter | Wen Qin | Letter enlisting the aid of Guo Zhun (郭准), who was inconveniently dead at the time | 28.766–7 biography of Guanqiu Jian | |
| untitled announcement | Wen Qin | Announcement of surrender to Eastern Wu | 28.768; biography of Guanqiu Jian | |
| untitled stories | Guo Chong (郭沖) | Five dubious stories about Zhuge Liang[note 18] | 35.917–8, .921–2 n 5, .922–3 n 2, .926 n 2 | |
| untitled essay | Zhang Zhao | Essay on Ying Shao's policy regarding the taboo names of former monarchs | 52.1219–1220; biography of Zhang Zhao |
Classics
Quoting classics was an inescapable reality of Chinese political and academic life as early as the Eastern Zhou period.[9] Pei Songzhi often cites classics in order to contextualize quotations made by speakers in Chen Shou's original text,[10] and occasionally to explain the philosophy or background behind a person's actions.[11] These works do not constitute historical sources for Pei Songzhi's purposes, but are included here for sake of completeness.
| Title | Translation | Author / Compiler | Notes | Locus of First Citation[note 1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 春秋公羊傳解詁 Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan Jiegu |
Exegesis of the Gongyang Zhuan | Gongyang Gao (公羊高); He Xiu (何休), annotation | Commentary to the Spring and Autumn Annals. Extant. | 1.40, n 2; 5.161 |
| 春秋左氏傳集解 Chunqiu Zuo Shi Zhuan Jijie |
Collected Exegesis of the Zuo Zhuan | Du Yu, annotation | Ruist historical tradition of heterogenous origin[12] attached to the Spring and Autumn Annals. Extant. | 24.678; biography of Han Ji (韓暨) |
| 管子 Guanzi |
Deeds and philosophy of Guan Zhong, prime minister of the state of Qi who brought Duke Huan of Qi to the position of hegemony. Extant. | 2.60 | ||
| 國語 Guoyu |
Sayings of the States | Wei Zhao, annotation | Speeches and rhetoric of the Eastern Zhou period. Extant. | 1.40, n 8 |
| 淮南子 Huainanzi |
Philosophical and scientific encyclopoedia, usually classified as a Daoist text. Extant. | 42.1038 | ||
| 禮記注 Liji Zhu |
Annotated Record of Rites | Zheng Xuan, annotation | Prescriptive ritual text. Extant. | 3.108, n 2 |
| 論語 Lunyu |
Analects | Kong Qiu | Confucian foundational text. Extant | 38.974 |
| 呂氏春秋 Lüshi Chunqiu |
Mr Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals | Lü Buwei | Encyclopoedia. Extant. | 2.82, n 2 |
| 孟子 Mengzi |
Mencius | Meng Ke | Confucian foundational text. Extant. | 24.682 |
| 尚書注 Shangshu Zhu |
Annotated Book of Documents | Zheng Xuan, annotation | Records of persons, speeches, and events in the Western Zhou period. Extant. | 1.40, nn 3, 5, 6, 7 |
| 詩經 Shijing |
Book of Odes | Poetry of the Zhou culture, from the pre-dynastic period to the Eastern Zhou period. Extant. | 1.40, n 5 | |
| 孫子兵法 Sunzi Bingfa |
The Art of War | Treatise on military strategy and tactics. Extant. | 27.744; biography of Wang Xu | |
| 戰國策 Zhan Guo Ce |
Strategies of the Warring States | Liu Xiang | Fictional tales and exercises in persuasive rhetoric.[note 19] Extant. | 21.615, n 3 |
| 莊子 Zhuangzi |
Partially attributed to Zhuang Zhou | Daoist foundational text. Extant. | 11.366 |
Texts of uncertain identity or disputable citation
| Title | Translation | Author / Compiler | Notes | Locus of First Citation[note 1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 異同評 Yitong Ping |
Commentary on Similarities and Differences | Sun Sheng | [note 16] | 1.21–2, n 2 |
| 雜記 Zaji |
Miscellaneous Records | Sun Sheng | [note 16] | 1.5, n 2 |
| 異同記 Yitong Ji |
Records of Similarities and Differences | Sun Sheng | [note 16] | 35.933, n 2 |
| 晉書 Jin Shu |
Book of Jin | Gan Bao | May have referred to Gan Bao's Jin Ji, may have been a separate work.[note 20] | 3.94 |
| 辨道論 Bian Dao Lun |
Cao Zhi | Records of contemporary Daoist masters Gan Shi (甘始), Zuo Ci, and Xi Jian (郤儉). Cited by Pei Songzhi as an independent work, now part of Chen Si Wang Ji. | 29.805–6 | |
| 晉百官名 Jin Baiguan Ming |
Official Posts of Jin | May be the same work as Baiguan Ming | 16.493, n 2; biography of Su Ze (蘇則) | |
| 晉百官表 Jin Baiguan Biao |
Report on Jin's Official Posts | May be the same work as Jin Baiguan Ming | 35.933, n 1 | |
| 武帝百官名 Wudi Baiguan Ming |
Official Posts Under the Martial Emperor [of Jin] | Official register of government officials. May have been part of Baiguan Ming or Jin Baiguan Ming.[note 21] | 18.538, n 3; biography of Zang Ba | |
| 冀州記 Jizhou Ji |
Records of Ji Province | Xun Chuo (荀綽) | Part of Jiuzhou Ji.[note 3] | 9.305, n 2 |
| 兗州記 Yanzhou Ji |
Records of Yan Province | Xun Chuo (荀綽) | Part of Jiuzhou Ji.[note 3] | 16.508; biography of Du Shu (杜恕) |
| 益州耆舊傳 Yizhou Qijiu Zhuan |
Biographies of the Seniors of Yi Province | [note 13] | 38.967, n 1 | |
| 益州耆舊雜記 Yizhou Qijiu Zaji |
Miscellaneous Records of the Seniors of Yi Province | Believed to be an appendix or companion to Yi Bu Qijiu Zhuan.[note 22] | 31.867, n 1 | |
| 耆舊 Qijiu |
On Seniors | Cited once underneath Yi Bu Qijiu Zaji, very likely an abbreviated reference to same | 45.1088 | |
| 褒賞令 Baoshang Ling |
Order on Appraisals and Rewards | Cao Cao | Part of the Cao Gong Ji[note 23] | 1.23 |
| 立郊議 Li Jiao Yi |
Deliberations Regarding the Establishment of the Biannual Nature Sacrifice | Jiang Ji | Records the epitaph of Cao Teng[note 24] | 14.455 n 2; biography of Jiang Ji |
| 舊事 Jiu Shi |
Old Matters | The careers of the sons of Wei Zi (衛茲)[note 25] | 22.649 | |
| 孫綽評 Sun Chuo Ping |
Sun Chuo's Critiques | Sun Chuo | Essays and commentary[note 26] | 42.1031 |
| 輔臣贊 Fu Chen Zan |
In Praise of the Supportive Ministers | Yang Xi (楊戲) | Records of politicians of Shu Han[note 27] | 37.956; Pang Tong |
| 樂廣傳 Yue Guang Zhuan |
Biography of Yue Guang | Xie Kun (謝鯤) | Information on the activities and legacies of the descendants of Pei Qian[note 28] | 23.674; biography of Pei Qian |
| 辛憲英傳 Xin Xianying Zhuan |
Biography of Xin Xianying | Xiahou Zhan (夏侯湛) | Biography of Xin Xianying, daughter of Xin Pi[note 29] | 25.699–700 |
| 陸芝銘 Lu Zhi Ming |
Funerary Inscription for Lu Zhi | Xiahou Zhan (夏侯湛) | Life and deeds of Lu Zhi (陸芝)[note 30] | 9.292 |
| 漢官儀 Han Guan Yi |
Etiquette of the Officials of Han | Ying Shao | Information on Han government procedures[note 31] | 46.1099, n 9 |
Other sources
Pei Songzhi occasionally quotes other historians without citing any book or document title. Sun Sheng, Gan Bao, and Xi Zuochi are especially common. These may have been marginal notes in Pei's copy of Records of the Three Kingdoms, or personal notes to which he had access. Rarely, Pei Songzhi will report hearsay without any attribution.[13]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h The references provided locate the first instance of the citation in Pei Songzhi's commentary, and for the vast majority of these sources, the reference can be understood to prepend an invisible "et passim". All are found in footnotes, whether or not a particular note is specified. The pagination follows the Zhonghua Publishing standard version, but the Dingwen Printing version (Taibei, 1977) uses identical pagination.
- ^ Pei Songzhi suspected Zhang Fan's (張璠) Hou Han Ji was unfinished because of the poor quality of the writing. See Records of the Three Kingdoms, 4.133.
- ^ a b c Most historiographers (including Zhao Yi and Qian Daxin, 1700s; and Shen Jiaben, early 1900s) consider Jiuzhou Ji to have been a single work which included both Jizhou Ji and Yanzhou Ji. Wang Zuyi (王祖彝), in 1956, considered the work to have been nine separate volumes, and listed them as distinct works cited by Pei Zongzhi. See Gao Min, p 13.
- ^ The historical bibliography in the Book of Sui does not record a San Chao Lu, but it does record a San Chao Lüe (三朝略), written by Zhang Wen. See Gao Min, 12.
- ^ Although he quotes from it extensively, Pei Songzhi had serious reservations about Guo Song's (郭頒) Wei Jin Shiyu, calling it "lame, shallow, and wholly without rhythm". He decries the Shiyu as the poorest history he has consulted, and laments that its errors have passed through sourcing into the works of Sun Sheng and Gan Bao. See Records of the Three Kingdoms, 4.133
- ^ The Book of Sui records a Yuankang San Nian Diji, which would be dated to 293 rather than 282. This may be the same record as quoted by Pei Songzhi. See Book of Sui, 33.984
- ^ Shen Jiaben gives Du Du (杜篤) as the eponymous Mr Du; the Book of Sui gives Du Yi (杜夷). See Gao, p 18.
- ^ a b c d Pei Songzhi cites a number of works written by Lu Ji, including Bian Wang Lun, Da Mu Fu, Lu Xun Ming, and Gu Tan Zhuan. A single collection of Lu Ji's works was available by the Liang Dynasty at the latest. See Book of Sui, volume 35, p 1063; Lu Ji Ji, preface, p 9. It is clear from his citation style that Pei Songzhi did not have access to a collection. When he does cite a collection by name (Cao Cao's Cao Gong Ji, or Cao Zhi's Chen Si Wang Ji, the collection is placed in the main table, while individual titles present in modern collections (Cao Cao's Bao Shang Ling, Cao Zhi's Bian Dao Lun) are placed in the second table to indicate uncertainty as to what title Pei Songzhi was citing. Since he never cites a collection of Lu Ji's works, all individual titles are placed in the main table to reflect the titles Pei Songzhi had available.
- ^ It is unknown whose genealogy Hua Jiao narrates in his Pu Xu. Shen Jiaben suggested it was an independent genealogy of his own family. See Lu Yaodong, p 16.
- ^ Gao Min reasons that based on the physical distance between the two Wang clans, and the fact that the Book of Sui records a family register of the Wangs of Taiyuan, the two instances in which Pei Songzhi cites Wang Shi Pu must have been citing two distinct documents. See Gao Min, 9.
- ^ According to the biography of Cao Xiu, the author of Wenshi Zhuan was Zhang Yin (張隱); according to the biography of Xun Yu, the author was Zhang Heng; according to the biography of Wang Can, the author was Zhang Zhi (張騭). Editors of historical bibliographies have concluded that the author was most probably Zhang Zhi (張騭). However we have no chronologically close proof of authorship, nor indeed any strong indication that there was only a single book named Wenshi Zhuan in circulation, rather than two or three written by different authors surnamed Zhang. See Gao Min pp 13–14.
- ^ Pei Songzhi does not name explicitly the compiler of Xiandi Ji. The Book of Sui gives Liu Fang (劉芳); modern scholars prefer Liu Ai (劉艾). See Gao, p 16.
- ^ a b At its first reference, Pei Songzhi explicitly attributes Yi Bu Qijiu Zhuan to Chen Shou. However, he later attributes both an Yi Bu Qijiu Zhuan and Yi Bu Qijiu Zhi (志) to one Chen Shu (陳術). See Records of the Three Kingdoms, 42.1027, biography of Li Zhuan (李譔). According to the biography of Chen Shou in the Chronicles of Huayang, Chen Shu was a contributor to a Ba–Shu Qijiu Zhuan, which prompted Chen Shou to compile Yi Bu Qijiu Zhuan. It is also attributed to Chen Shou in the Book of Jin. The Book of Sui attributes Yi Bu Qijiu Zhuan to a Chen Changshou (陳長壽). See Gao Min (2007), p 14. Yizhou Qijiu Zhuan, cited by Pei Songzhi only once, may be identified with Yi Bu Qijiu Zhuan.
- ^ The Bowu Ji may be identifiable with another work of Zhang Hua. See Gao Min, p 12.
- ^ The text quoted by Pei Songzhi does not appear in the transmitted poem. See Records of the Three Kingdoms p 62; Collected Works of Lu Ji, pp 26–7.
- ^ a b c d Pei Songzhi cites five similar titles of works compiled by Sun Sheng: Yitong Zaji, Zaji, Yitong Zayu, Zayu, and Yitong Ping. Of these, only Yitong Zayu appears in official bibliographies. Qian Daxin (1700s), Lin Guozan (林國贊; 1800s), and Shen Jiaben (early 1900s) treated the five titles as all referring to a single book, while Zhao Yi (1700s) took the opposite approach and considered treated the five titles as distinct works. Wang Zuyi (王祖彝; 1956) took Yitong Ping and Yitong Zayu to be two separate works, and the remaining three titles to refer to Yitong Zayu. Gao Min (2007) admits the possibility that all five titles refer to a single book, while raising the question of how the single scholar Pei Songzhi should come to cite the book by so many different monikers. Gao Min also quotes Sun Sheng's biography in the Book of Jin, which paints him as a prolific writer, in support of the theory that all five titles refer to distinct works. He advances a new theory, that Sun Sheng produced a work titled Yitong Ping, also referred to as Yitong Ji; and a work titled Zayu, also referred to as Zaji. He offers no explanation for Yitong Zayu, or why it should be the only title recorded by official bibliographies. See Gao Min, p 13. No theory is grounded in firm evidence.
- ^ Probably refers to Yuanzi Zheng Lun (袁子正論), or Yuanzi Zheng Shu (袁子正書), the latter of which may have been a more complete version of the former. See Book of Sui, volume 34, p 998.
- ^ Guo Chong's five stories on the deeds of Zhuge Liang are introduced in Records of the Three Kingdoms, 35.917. They are mentioned in the Shu Ji as being written essentially as propaganda to further Zhuge Liang's career. Pei Songzhi calls them "all dubious".
- ^ For the nature of the Zhan Guo Ce, see Crump, pp 11–22, esp. p 15.
- ^ The traditional view is that, since no Jin Shu by Gan Bao is recorded in official bibliographies, Gan Bao's Jin Shu as cited by Pei Songzhi must have been referring to Gan Bao's Jin Ji. Lin Guozan (林國贊) and Wang Zuyi (王祖彝) considered Gan Bao's Jin Shu to have been a separate work. Gao Min strengthens this claim by noting a paragraph in which Pei Songzhi cites both a Jin Shu and Jin Ji attributed to Gan Bao. There is not conclusive evidence to support one theory or the other (Records of the Three Kingdoms, 9.187, nn 1–2). Pei Songzhi uses language compatible with the possibility that Gan Bao and Sun Sheng, who were contemporaries, collaborated on a Jin Shu. See Records of the Three Kingdoms, 4.133; Gao Min, 13.
- ^ Only Shen Jiaben and Gao Min consider Wudi Baiguan Ming to be a separate work, rather than a chapter of Jin Baiguan Ming or Baiguan Ming. See Gao, p 18.
- ^ Yizhou Qijiu Zaji may be identifiable with Chen Shu's Yi Bu Qijiu Zhi or Xu (續) Yi Bu Qijiu Zhuan, listed without attribution in the Book of Sui. Gao Min, p 14
- ^ Zhao Yi, Qian Daxin, and the editors of Records of the Three Kingdoms consider Baoshang Ling to be part of the Cao Gong Ji. Shen Jiaben, Wang Zuyi (王祖彝), and Gao Min consider it a distinct title. See Gao Min, p 16.
- ^ The Book of Sui records a collection of works by Jiang Ji, but does not mention Li Jiao Yi by name. Gao Min raises the possibility that this document is part of the larger Wei Jiaosi Zou. See Gao Min, p 7.
- ^ Only Shen Jiaben and Gao Min consider Jiu Shi to be a book title; Zhao Yi, Qian Daxin, Wang Zuyi (王祖彝), and the editors of the modern, punctuated Records of the Three Kingdoms read jiu shi as a common noun. If it is a book title, Jiu Shi may be identifiable with Han–Wei–Wu–Shu Jiu Shi (漢魏吳蜀舊事) or Jin–Song Jiu Shi (晉宋舊事). See Gao Min, p 12.
- ^ Pei Songzhi writes "孫綽評曰", which can be read as either "Sun Chuo critiqued, saying" or "Sun Chuo's Critiques say". Qian Daxin and Gao Min read the note in the latter fashion, proposing Sun Chuo's Critiques was part of his collected works, recorded in the Book of Sui as 晉衛尉卿孫綽集 (Collected Works of Sun Chuo, Chief Minister for the Palace Garrison of the Court of Jin). See Gao Min, 12. Zhao Yi, Shen Jiaben, Wang Zuyi (王祖彝), and the punctuators of the modern Records of the Three Kingdoms do not read the phrase in question as the title of a book.
- ^ Pei Songzhi quotes from the Xiangyang Ji, which states the deeds of Pang Tong's brother Pang Lin (龐林) and his wife Xi Zhen (習禎) are related in a text named Fu Chen Zan. The note goes on to paraphrase their story, but it is unclear whether Pei Songzhi is paraphrasing this text or the paraphrase is present in the Xiangyang Ji.
- ^ Pei Songzhi's reference to the Yue Guang Zhuan is beneath a citation from Jin Zhugong Zan, but Gao Min notes that the latter's compiler, Fu Chang (傅暢), predeceased at least one of the men discussed in the note, Pei Xian (裴憲), by a period of at least five years. Gao Min then goes on to undermine his own argument by stating that Xie Kun (謝鯤), author of the Yue Guang Zhuan, probably died a further four years prior to Fu Chang. See Gao Min, p 9.
- ^ The quotation from Xin Xianying Zhuan is below a citation from the Shiyu. The punctuators of the modern Records of the Three Kingdoms, following Zhao Yi and Qian Daxin, have made it clear they believe Pei Songzhi was quoting Xin Xianying Zhuan as carried by the Shiyu. Shen Jiaben, Wang Zuyi (王祖彝), and Gao Min accept Xin Xianying Zhuan as a work cited by Pei Songzhi, rather than a work cited by one of his sources.
- ^ Pei Songzhi simultaneously paraphrases from the funerary inscription of Lu Zhi (陸芝) and from Gan Bao's Jin Ji. The actual wording of the inscription is not directly quoted.
- ^ Pei Songzhi does not cite Han Guan Yi directly, and only mentions in passing that it and Huangfu Mi's Diwang Shiji agree with Yu Xi's Zhilin on the matter of imperial seals.
References
- ^ Gao Min, p 13, citing Lin Guozan (林國贊)
- ^ Book of Jin, 82.2143, biography of Wang Yin
- ^ Pei Songzhi quotes the Shiji here without attribution.
- ^ Records of the Three Kingdoms, 1.12. In idem, 57.1337, Xiandi Chunqiu is attributed to Yuan Ye (袁曄). Some premodern versions attribute the work to Yuan Yan (袁黶); see Gao Min, pp 14 and 16.
- ^ Book of Sui, 33.973
- ^ a b Book of Sui, volume 33, p 974
- ^ Gao Min, p 12
- ^ Records of the Three Kingdoms, 22.642
- ^ Schaberg, pp 234–5
- ^ Records of the Three Kingdoms, 1.40, nn 2–8
- ^ Records of the Three Kingdoms, 5.161
- ^ On the origins of the Zuo Zhuan, see Schaberg, pp 322–3.
- ^ For the first example of Pei Songzhi quoting a former historian directly, see 1.11 n 2. For an example of Pei Songzhi reporting hearsay, see 47.1144.
Bibliography
- Crump, J.I., Jr., transl. Chan-Kuo Ts'e. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.
- Fang Xuanling inter al., eds. 晉書 (Book of Jin), 648. Beijing: Zhonghua Publishing, 1974. 10 vols.
- Gao Min (高敏), 《三國志》裴松之注引書考 ("Books Used by Pei Songzhi on Noting of History of the Three Kingdoms"). Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology (Social Science), 25.3 (June 2007), pp 5–21.
- Lu Ji, 陸機集 (Collected Works of Lu Ji), Jin Taosheng (金濤聲), ed. Beijing: Zhonghua Publishing, 1982.
- Lu Yaodong (逯耀東), 裴松之三國志注引雜傳集釋 ("Collected Explanations of Various Biographies Cited in Pei Songzhi's Annotation of Records of the Three Kingdoms"). 台大歷史學報, 1 (May 1974), pp 1–18.
- Pei Songzhi, 三國志注 (Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms). 429. Hong Kong: Zhonghua Publishing, 1971. 5 vols.
- Qian Daxin, 廿二史考異 (Examination of Discrepancies in the Twenty-Two Histories). 1797. Cited in Gao.
- Schaberg, David, A Patterned Past: Form and Thought in Early Chinese Historiography. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001.
- Shen Jiaben, 沉簃籍先生遺書乙篇 (Mr Shen Yiji's Leftover Documents, Volume Two). 1910s. Cited in Gao.
- Wang Zuyi (王祖彝), 三國志人名錄 (List of Personal Names in Records of the Three Kingdoms). Commercial Press, 1956. Cited in Gao.
- Wei Zheng inter al., eds. 隋書 (Book of Sui), 636. Beijing: Zhonghua Publishing, 1973. 6 vols.
- Zhao Yi, 廿二史劄記 (Notebook of the Twenty-Two Histories). 1770s. Cited in Gao.
External links
Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article:
- Records of the Three Kingdoms 《三國志》 Chinese text with annotations by Pei Songzhi and matching English vocabulary