Opel Senator
| Opel Senator | |
|---|---|
 A first generation Opel Senator | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Opel (General Motors) |
| Production | 1978–1993 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Executive car (E-segment) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Opel Diplomat |
| Successor | Opel Omega |
The Opel Senator is an executive car (E-segment) produced by the German automaker Opel, two generations of which were sold in Europe from 1978 until 1993. A saloon, its first incarnation was also available with a fastback coupé body as the Opel Monza and Vauxhall Royale Coupé.[1]
Through the international divisions of General Motors, it was also known in various markets as the Chevrolet Senator, Daewoo Imperial (in South Korea), Vauxhall Royale (until 1983) and Vauxhall Senator (which took the place of the Royale on Vauxhall models when the Opel brand was phased out from 1983).[2] It was also sold as the Opel Kikinda in Yugoslavia, where it was produced under licence by IDA-Opel in Kikinda, Serbia, after which it was named.[3]
The original Senator shared its platform with the smaller Opel Rekord, the latter being lengthened to make the Senator.
The second generation of that car, from 1987, shared its base with the Opel Omega, which was again lengthened to produce the Senator.
Senator A (1978–1986)
| Senator A | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Also called | Chevrolet Senator (South Africa) Opel Kikinda (Yugoslavia) Vauxhall Royale (UK, until 1983) Vauxhall Senator (UK, from 1983) |
| Production | 1978–1986 |
| Assembly |
|
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 4-door saloon/sedan |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Platform | V platform (RWD) |
| Related | Bitter SC Coupé Opel Monza Holden Commodore (VB) |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,685 mm (105.7 in) |
| Length | 4,810 mm (189.4 in) |
| Width | 1,722 mm (67.8 in) |
| Height | 1,415 mm (55.7 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,640 kg (3,616 lb) |
The Senator A was a lengthened version of the Opel Rekord E, complemented by a three-door fastback coupé version on the same platform called the Opel Monza, which was planned as a successor for the Opel Commodore coupé.
Names and markets
The Senator A and Monza were initially sold in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall Royale (and Vauxhall Royale Coupé), because the Opel marque was not so well established, but they were also under their Opel names. The vehicle was also available in South Africa as the Chevrolet Senator until 1982, when it was re badged as an Opel.[4] The Chevrolet Senator was fitted with a locally built version of Chevrolet's 250 inline-six (4,093 cc), with 132 PS (97 kW).[5] The later South African Opel Senator received Australian built, six cylinder engines.
-
Opel Senator A1 rear
(1978–1986) -
Vauxhall Senator
.JPG)
Engines
The engine range for the first phase of the model's life included the 2.8S and the newly developed 3.0E, which had 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) and 248 N⋅m (183 lb⋅ft) with fuel injection. The three speed automatic transmission was Opel's own design introduced in 1969, and was manufactured in Opel's transmission plant in Strasbourg, it was modified to cope with the new and improved power outputs.
Opel's own four speed manual transmission was not up to the job and they turned to transmission producer Getrag, who installed their 264 four speed manual gearbox in the early four cylinder Monzas. This was replaced by the five speed 240 for the 2.5 and 2.8 engines, and the 265 gearbox for the 3.0E.
The straight-six engines were all of the Opel cam-in-head engine design, as used in the earlier Commodore models and originating from the 1.7 and 1.9 litre straight four engines first used in the 1966 Kadett and Rekord. Opel would stick with the CIH engine design up until the 2.4 Frontera in 1993.
With the 3.0 litre engine, the Monza was the fastest car Opel had built, capable of 215 km/h (134 mph), and 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 8.5 seconds. In June 1981, the fuel injected 2.5E engine also used in the smaller Commodore was added to the Senator/Monza lineup.[6] With 136 PS (100 kW) it was very close to the now irrelevant 2.8 and its 140 PS (100 kW), and the 2.8S was discontinued in 1982.
Facelift
The original Senator and Monza were facelifted in November 1982, although the Senator "A2" (as it is usually called) only went on sale in March 1983. In the United Kingdom, it was initially sold only as an Opel, before being rebadged as a Vauxhall in 1984. The A2 Monza was only sold as an Opel.
The facelifted car looked similar to its predecessor, with relatively minor changes: smoothed-off headlights increased in size, and chrome parts were changed to a matt black or colour coded finish. The car was much more slippery, with drag resistance down (from 0.45 to 0.36 ).[7] The top of the range 3.0E received upgraded Bosch LE-Jetronic fuel injection.
Interiors were improved, and engines changed. Now, the fuel-injected straight-four 110 PS (81 kW) two-liter cam-in-head unit from the Rekord E2 was available, although with little fanfare; this and the 2.5 essentially replaced the Commodore which was itself quietly retired in 1982. Power of the 2.0 was soon increased to 115 PS (85 kW). In March 1983 a 2.3-litre turbodiesel (shared with the Rekord) became available, and a few months later ABS-brakes (hitherto only available for the Senator CD) became an available option across the entire Senator/Monza range.[7] At the Paris Show in September 1984 the 2.5E was given a new LE-Jetronic Bosch fuel injection system; power inched up to 140 PS (100 kW). The 2.0E was replaced by the torquier 2.2E, still with the same max power. Only the 3.0E engine remained untouched, although its name was changed to 3.0i.[7] On the transmission side, the Strasbourg-built THM180 three-speed automatic was replaced by a four-speed unit. The trim surrounding the windows was more blacked out than before as well, although ample chrome remained.[8]
Shortly thereafter, in November 1984 a supercharged version (Comprex) was shown - at the time, the only production car in the world to use this technique. Going on sale in 1985, this very rare experimental version (1,000 units planned) were officially built by Irmscher rather than Opel.[9] The Comprex offered 95 PS (70 kW) and a 172 km/h (107 mph) top speed, and acceleration figures showed a twelve percent improvement over the turbodiesel.[10] Like the other Rekord and Senator diesels it had a pronounced bulge in the bonnet. The Comprex offered marginally higher power power than the turbodiesel, but more importantly, 90 percent of the maximum torque was available from 1300 rpm.[10] From September 1985 until the end of production in the end of summer 1986, a catalyzed version of the 3.0E was available, with power down to 156 PS (115 kW).
Variants
A four-wheel drive conversion was also available, engineered by Ferguson, who had previously provided similar modifications for the Jensen FF. Rather expensive, this could also be retrofitted to an existing car.[11] The system uses a viscous coupling to distribute power with a 60/40 rearward bias, to improve traction whilst maintaining the Senator's handling characteristics.[12] These were used by British Forces Germany under the BRIXMIS (British Commanders' in Chief Mission to the Soviet Forces in Germany) operations for the collection of technical intelligence. The same kit was also used by Bitter Cars for a four-wheel-drive version of their SC coupé, beginning in the end of 1981.[11]
A limited edition convertible edition was also available in Germany, where the company "Keinath" reinforced the car heavily, and this added to the all round weight to the car.
Senator B (1987–1993)
| Senator B | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Also called | Vauxhall Senator |
| Production | 1987–1993 |
| Assembly | Germany: Rüsselsheim |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 4-door saloon/sedan |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Platform | V platform (RWD) |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | |
| Transmission | 4-speed automatic 5-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,730 mm (107.5 in) |
| Length | 4,845 mm (190.7 in) |
| Width | 1,785 mm (70.3 in) |
| Height | 1,455 mm (57.3 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,640 kg (3,616 lb) |
A new model, the Senator B (marketed without the "B" suffix), arrived in the spring of 1987, a long wheelbase version of the Opel Omega. There was no Monza equivalent.
There were various versions of the Senator B: twelve valve 2.5 L and 3.0 L sized engines were released in 1987 along with a luxury "CD" model with the 3.0 L engine. The CD version boasted Electronic adjustable suspension, "ERC" for the first time in a mass produced European car. air conditioning, heated seats also in the backseat, genuine walnut panels, leather covered centre console, trip computer and cruise control.
The cars were available with either five speed manual or four speed automatic gearboxes. A digitally controlled 4-speed automatic from Aisin-Warner equipped with three different switching programs Sport, Economy and Winter. It was also equipped with torque delay at each shift, called "torque retard" for not notable gear changes. In winter mode the car starts on the third gear and switches immediately to fourth as soon as possible to prevent spinning wheels and instability. This mode remains to the speed of 80 km/h and then automatically switches off. The gearbox also had built-in diagnostic system and emergency program. Later Lexus and Volvo used similar versions of this transmission. As a luxury car, there were many options but much was also standard, option was leather seats and heated seats both front and rear, electronic air conditioning including refrigerator in the glove box.
LCD instrumentation was an option, digital electronic power steering ZF-Servotronic, the same as in the BMW 7 Series, was standard, as was a new front axle design which allowed the axle to slide under the car in a crash and thus increasing the length of the deformation zone and prevent deformation of the footwell. The 3.0 24V was equipped with BBS styled multispoke alloy wheels made by Ronal.
A 24 valve 3.0 L was introduced in 1989, generating 204 PS (150 kW; 201 hp) (compared with 177 PS (130 kW; 175 hp) for the older twelve valve version). This model was very popular with the police force in the United Kingdom, with several cars being supplied to upgraded police specification. The main feature of the new engine was a "Dual Ram" system, increasing torque at low engine speeds by means of a redirected air flow system engaged at 4,000 rpm.
For 1990 the 2.5 L was replaced by a 2.6 L Dual Ram, and the 3.0 L twelve valve was deleted from the range in 1992. CD versions of the 2.6 L, and a 24 valve 3.0 L were available up to the model's withdrawal in 1993.
With the second generation Omega presented at the end of 1993, and available for sale from March 1994,[13] Opel considered that it was sufficiently represented in the upper end of the market by the top specification Omega B. Production of the Opel Senator B ended in the Autumn/Fall of 1993 with a disappointing 69,943 cars produced since the car's launch six and a half years earlier. Annual production had slumped from 14,007 in 1990 to 5,952 in 1992, with only 2,688 cars produced in 1993[13]
| Technical data of Opel Senator B (1987–1993) | |||||||
| Opel Senator | 2.5 i 25NE | 2.6 i C26NE | 3.0 i C30NE | 3.0 i C30SE | Irmscher 4.0 i C40SE | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engine: | I-6 – 12V | I-6 – 24V | |||||
| Displacement: | 2490 cc | 2594 cc | 2969 cc | 3983 cc | |||
| bore x Stroke: | 87 x 69,8 mm | 88,8 x 69,8 mm | 95 x 69,8 mm | 98 x 88 mm | |||
| Max power @ rpm: | 140 PS (103 kW) @ 5200 | 150 PS (110 kW) @ 5600 | 156 PS (115 kW) @ 5400 177 PS (130 kW) @ 5800 |
204 PS (150 kW) @ 6000 | 272 PS (200 kW) @ 5800 | ||
| Max torque @ rpm: | 201 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft) @ 4000 | 216 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft) @ 3600 | 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft) @ 3900 235 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft) @ 4400 |
265 N⋅m (195 lb⋅ft) @ 3600 | 387 N⋅m (285 lb⋅ft) @ 3300 | ||
| Fuel System: | Electronic multipoint injection (Bosch LE-Jetronic) | Digitally controlled multipoint injection (Bosch Motronic) | |||||
| Cooling: | water | ||||||
| Transmission: | 4-sp automatic, 5-sp manual |
5-sp manual | |||||
| Brakes: | Front: ventilated disc brakes Ø 280 mm, rear: ventilated disc brakes Ø 270 mm | Front: ventilated disc brakes Ø 296 mm, rear: disc brakes Ø 270 mm | |||||
| Body structure: | Sheet steel, unibody construction | ||||||
| Track front/rear: | 1,462 mm (57.6 in)/1,484 mm (58.4 in) | ||||||
| Wheelbase: | 2,730 mm (107.5 in) | ||||||
| Length: | 4,845 mm (190.7 in) | ||||||
| Dry weight: | 1,440–1,640 kg (3,175–3,616 lb) | ||||||
| Top speed: | 210 km/h (130 mph) | 215 km/h (134 mph) | 225 km/h (140 mph) | 240 km/h (149 mph) | 255 km/h (158 mph) | ||
| 0–100 km/h
(0-62 mph): |
10.5 s | 9.8 s | 9 s | 7.8 s | 6.5 s | ||
References
- ^ Vauxhall Royale and Royale Coupe (1978 - 1984), Honest John, 22 August 2013
- ^ "Austin Rover Online". Aronline.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-07-19. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
- ^ Sajam Automobila U Beogradu 1986. Godine
- ^ Chevrolet Senator
- ^ Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (March 3, 1982). "Automobil Revue '82" (in German and French). 77. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag, AG: 250–251. ISBN 3-444-06062-9.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Automobil Revue '82, pp. 432-433
- ^ a b c Pirotte, Marcel (1985-01-24). "Essai detaillé: Opel Senator 2.2i" [Detailed Test]. Le Moniteur de l'Automobile (in French). 36 (813). Brussels, Belgium: Editions Auto-Magazine: 107.
- ^ Pirotte, p. 113
- ^ Mastrostefano, Raffaele, ed. (January 1985). "Anteprima: Futuro Prossimo" [Preview: The Future is Near]. Quattroruote (in Italian). 30 (351). Milan, Italy: Editoriale Domus: 61.
- ^ a b Toivonen, Rauno, ed. (1985-03-19). "Comprex sarjatuotantoon" [Comprex for serial production]. Tekniikan Maailma (in Finnish). Vol. 41, no. 5/85. Helsinki: TM-Julkaisu. p. 33. ISSN 0355-4287.
- ^ a b Frère, Paul. "Hat der Vierradantrieb eine Zukunft?/L'avenir des quatre roues motrices?" [Does four-wheel drive have a future?]. Automobil Revue '82 (in German and French): 101.
- ^ Kacher, Georg (1981-08-24). "All-wheel-drive Senator". Autoweek. Vol. 31, no. 34. Crain Press Inc. p. 8. ISSN 0192-9674.
- ^ a b Eberhard Kittler (2001). Opel Senator B (1987-1993). Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart. pp. 323–325. ISBN 3-613-02052-1.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)
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