Henley Passport Index

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The Henley Passport Index (HPI) is a global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom for their citizens.[1] It started in 2006 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index (HVRI)[2] and was modified and renamed in January 2018.[3][4] The site provides a ranking of the 199 passports of the world according to the number of countries their holders can travel to visa-free. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free 'score'. In collaboration with the International Air Transport Association (IATA), and based on official data from their global database[5] Henley & Partners has analysed the visa regulations of all the countries and territories in the world since 2006.[6]

2020 Henley Passport Index

2020 rank[7] Country Visa-free destinations
1  Japan 191
2  Singapore 190
3  Germany 189
=  South Korea 189
5  Finland 188
=  Italy 188
=  Luxembourg 188
=  Spain 188
9  Austria 187
=  Denmark 187
11  France 186
=  Ireland 186
=  Netherlands 186
=  Portugal 186
=  Sweden 186
16  Belgium 185
=   Switzerland 185
=  Norway 185
=  United Kingdom 185
=  United States 185
21  Czech Republic 184
=  Greece 184
=  Malta 184
=  New Zealand 184
25  Australia 183
=  Canada 183
27  Hungary 182
28  Lithuania 181
=  Poland 181
=  Slovakia 181
31  Iceland 180
=  Latvia 180
=  Slovenia 180
34  Estonia 179
35  Liechtenstein 178
=  Malaysia 178
37  Monaco 175
38  Chile 174
=  Cyprus 174
40  Romania 172
41  Bulgaria 171
=  United Arab Emirates 171
43  Argentina 170
=  Brazil 170
=  Croatia 170
=  Hong Kong 170
47  San Marino 168
48  Andorra 167
49  Brunei 166
50  Barbados 161
51  Israel 160
52  Mexico 159
53  Saint Kitts and Nevis 156
54  Bahamas 155
55  Uruguay 153
56  Antigua and Barbuda 151
=  Seychelles 151
58  Costa Rica 150
=  Trinidad and Tobago 150
60  Holy See 149
61  Mauritius 148
=  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 148
63  Saint Lucia 146
=  Taiwan 146
65  Macau 144
67  Grenada 143
68  Paraguay 142
69  Panama 141
70  Dominica 140
71  Peru 135
72  El Salvador 134
=  Honduras 134
=  Serbia 134
75  Guatemala 133
76  Samoa 131
=  Solomon Islands 131
78  Vanuatu 130
79  Nicaragua 129
=  Ukraine 129
=  Venezuela 129
82  Colombia 128
=  Tuvalu 128
84  Tonga 125
85  Montenegro 124
=  North Macedonia 124
87  Kiribati 122
=  Marshall Islands 122
89  Moldova 120
90  Palau 119
91  Micronesia 118
=  Russia 118
93  Bosnia and Herzegovina 117
94  Georgia 116
95  Albania 114
96  Turkey 111
97  Belize 101
=  South Africa 101
99  Kuwait 95
=  Qatar 95
=  East Timor 95
102  Ecuador 91
103  Nauru 89
104  Fiji 88
=  Guyana 88
106  Jamaica 86
107  Botswana 85
=  Maldives 85
109  Papua New Guinea 84
110  Bahrain 82
111  Oman 79
112  Bolivia 78
=  Suriname 78
=  Thailand 78
115  Namibia 77
=  Saudi Arabia 77
117  Kazakhstan 76
118  Belarus 75
=  Lesotho 75
120  China 74
=  Eswatini 74
122  Malawi 73
123  Kenya 72
124  Indonesia 71
=  Tanzania 71
=  Zambia 71
127  Tunisia 69
128  Gambia 68
129  Azerbaijan 67
=  Philippines 67
=  Uganda 67
132  Cape Verde 66
133  Dominican Republic 65
=  Ghana 65
=  Zimbabwe 65
136  Cuba 64
=  Morocco 64
138  Armenia 63
=  Kyrgyzstan 63
=  Sierra Leone 63
141  Benin 62
=  Mozambique 62
=  Mongolia 62
144  São Tomé and Príncipe 61
145  Rwanda 60
146  Burkina Faso 59
=  Mauritania 59
148  India 58
=  Tajikistan 58
150  Gabon 57
=  Ivory Coast 57
=  Uzbekistan 57
153  Senegal 56
154  Equatorial Guinea 55
=  Guinea 55
=  Madagascar 55
=  Togo 55
158  Cambodia 54
=  Mali 54
=  Niger 54
=  Vietnam 54
162  Bhutan 53
=  Chad 53
=  Comoros 53
=  Guinea-Bissau 53
=  Turkmenistan 53
167  Central African Republic 52
168  Algeria 51
=  Jordan 51
170  Angola 50
=  Burundi 50
=  Egypt 50
=  Laos 50
174  Cameroon 49
=  Haiti 49
=  Liberia 49
177  Congo 48
178  Djibouti 47
=  Myanmar 47
180  Nigeria 46
181  Ethiopia 44
182  South Sudan 43
183  DR Congo 42
=  Eritrea 42
=  Sri Lanka 42
186  Bangladesh 41
=  Iran 41
188  Kosovo 40
=  Lebanon 40
=  Sudan 40
191  North Korea 39
192  Libya 38
=    Nepal 38
=  Palestine 38
195  Somalia 33
=  Yemen 33
197  Pakistan 32
198  Syria 29
199  Iraq 28
200  Afghanistan 26

Definition of the Index

The HPI consists of a ranking of passports according to how many other territories can be reached 'visa-free' (defined below). All distinct destination countries and territories in the IATA database are considered. However, since not all territories issue passports, there are far fewer passports to be ranked than destinations against which queries are made.[8]

Methodology

To determine the score for each country or territory,[9] the IATA database is queried in the following way:

1. Each of the 199 passports for which the score is to be determined, is checked against every one of the 227 possible travel destinations for which travel restriction information exists in the IATA database. These interrogations continue throughout the year so scores will continuously change.

2. Each query is made with the following conditions:

  • passports are issued in the country of nationality
  • passport holders are an adult citizen of the country which issued the passport and a lone traveller rather than in a tourist group
  • entry is sought for tourism or business
  • the stay is at least three days

3. Further conditions include:

  • queries are made only for holders of normal passports rather than diplomatic, service, emergency, or temporary passports and other travel documents are disregarded
  • passport holders do not meet any complex requirements for entry (for example, possessing a government-issued letter, translations, or empty pages)
  • passport holders have all necessary vaccinations and certificates;
  • passport holders are arriving at and departing from the same airport
  • passport holders are seeking a short stay rather than a transit
  • the port of entry is a major city or capital, in cases where this is required
  • requirements by the destination country or territory regarding a particular length of validity of passports are disregarded
  • passport holders meet all basic requirements for entry (for example, holding a hotel reservation or having proof of sufficient funds or return tickets)
  • advance passenger information and advance approval to board are not considered to be a visa requirement or travel restriction, neither is the requirement to pay airport tax

It is assumed that the visa policies of Greenland and the Faroe Islands are identical to Denmark.

4. If no visa is required for passport holders from a particular country or territory to enter the destination, then that passport scores 1. [The passport also scores 1 if a visa on arrival, a visitor's permit, or an electronic travel authority (ETA) can be obtained because they do not require pre-departure government approval, perhaps because of specific visa-waiver programs in place.]

5. Where visas are needed, or where passport holders have to get government-approved electronic visas (e-Visas) before departure, a score of 0 is given. If passport holders must get government approval before leaving in order to obtain a visa on arrival, this also scores 0.

6. The total score for a particular passport is then assigned according to the conditions defined above.[10]

April 2020 results

As of 2020, a Japanese passport offers its holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a total of 191 countries, a Singapore passport offers its holders 190 countries, and South Korean passport and German passports each offer 189 visa-free or visa-on-arrival countries to their holders.[11] An Afghan passport has once again been labelled by the index as the least powerful passport in the world, with its nationals only able to visit 26 destinations visa-free.[12]

2006–2015

European countries are notable for their stability over the past decade, and Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, and Sweden all remain in exactly the same position as 10 years before. The 'Top 10s' were almost identical, with 30 countries in 2015, compared to 26 a decade before. While Liechtenstein dropped, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Malta, Slovakia, and South Korea all made it into the top 10.

Taiwan, Albania, the United Arab Emirates, Bosnia, and Serbia all moved up more than 20 places in the Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index over the period, while the biggest drops were experienced by Guinea (−32), Liberia (−33), Sierra Leone (−35), and Bolivia (−37).

See also

References

  1. ^ Smith, Oliver (29 February 2016). "The world's most powerful passports". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  2. ^ "Visa Restriction Index 2006 to 2016 2018". visaindex.com. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  3. ^ Andrejevic, Mark and Volcic, Zala (2016). Commercial Nationalism: Selling the Nation and Nationalizing the Sell. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. ISBN 9781137500984
  4. ^ "Rights of Passage — Henley Passport Index 2018". Henley & Partners Passport Index. Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd. 3 April 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018. ...what are the political factors governing the strength of your passport? Perhaps more importantly, if your passport is not serving you, what can you do to enhance it? The 2018 Henley Passport Index was designed with these questions in mind. Launched 9 January, and replacing the Henley Visa Restrictions Index, the Henley Passport Index provides a ranking
  5. ^ Abrahamian, Atossa Araxia (2015). The Cosmopolites: The Coming of the Global Citizen, pp. 70–93. Colombia Global Reports, New York. ISBN 9780990976363
  6. ^ "The Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index 2016" (PDF). henleyglobal.com. Henley & Partners. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  7. ^ "Henley Passport Index 2008 to 2020". Henley Passport Index. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  8. ^ Kalin, Christian H. Global Residence and Citizenship Handbook (5 ed.). Ideos Publications. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-3-9524052-7-7.
  9. ^ Kalin, Christian H. Global Residence and Citizenship Handbook (5 ed.). Ideos Publications. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-3-9524052-7-7.
  10. ^ "Henley Passport Index 2006 to 2018". Henley & Partners Passport Index. Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The index and its contents are based on data provided by the International Air Transport Authority (IATA) and supplemented, enhanced, and updated using extensive in-house research and open-source online data. The index includes 199 different passports and 227 different travel destinations. Updated in real-time throughout the year, as and when visa-policy changes come into effect...On a fixed date each year, Henley & Partners receives exclusive data from the International Air Transport Authority (IATA), which forms the basis of the Henley Passport Index. In order to maintain the accuracy of the data provided by IATA in the face of constant updates to visa policy, and in order to create detailed visa lists for all 199 passports in our database, the Henley & Partners research team uses publicly available and reliable online sources to cross-check each passport against all 227 possible travel destinations. This research process is ongoing throughout the year. It is coupled with a rigorous monitoring system to pick up relevant visa-policy shifts.
  11. ^ "Henley Index: Japan tops 2020 list of world's most powerful passports". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  12. ^ Madden, Duncan (10 January 2020). "The Most Powerful Passports In The World In 2020". www.forbes.com. Retrieved 11 January 2020.

External links

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