Jump to content

Jericho synagogue

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Arminden (talk | contribs) at 17:05, 7 September 2020 (→See also). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Jericho synagogue
Replica of the "Peace on Israel" mosaic from Jericho. Mosaics museum at the Good Samaritan Inn, 2011.
Jericho synagogue is located in State of Palestine
Jericho synagogue
Shown within State of Palestine
LocationJericho, West Bank
Coordinates31°52′27″N 35°26′57″E / 31.874167°N 35.449167°E / 31.874167; 35.449167
History
PeriodsByzantine / Talmudic
Site notes
Excavation dates1936
ConditionPreserved
Public accessRestricted

The Jericho synagogue dates to the late 6th or early 7th century CE and was discovered in Jericho in 1936. All that remains from the ancient prayer house is its mosaic floor, which contains an Aramaic inscription presenting thanks to the synagogue donors, and a well-preserved central medallion with the inscription "Shalom al Yisrael", "Peace on Israel". This led to the site also being known as Shalom Al Yisrael Synagogue.

History and description

Discovery

The synagogue, dating from the Byzantine period, was revealed in excavations conducted in 1936 by Dimitri Baramki of the Department of Antiquities under the British Mandate.[1]

The well-off Arab Jerusalemite, Husni Shahwan, who owned the land, built a house on top of the mosaic, careful to preserve it.[2]

Description

The mosaic floor incorporates Jewish symbols such as the Ark of the Covenant, the Temple Menorah, a shofar and a lulav. There is also a Hebrew inscription, "Peace [up]on Israel" (שלום על ישראל), after which the mosaic was named.[3] The phrase "Peace on Israel" has been widely used on Jewish and sometimes Samaritan synagogue floors from the Byzantine and, in one known case, Early Muslim period.[4][5][6][7]

1967-1995

After the 1967 Six-Day War, the site came under Israeli military control and remained under the responsibility of the owners, the Shahwan family.[2] Tourists began visiting the site, as did religious Jews who came regularly for prayers.[citation needed] In the months after the Six Day War, Moshe Dayan thanked Mohammed, the son of Husni Shahwan, for the way the family had managed to protect the synagogue remains, which counted among the better preserved in the country.[2] Mohammed Shahwan, who had just lost the bank he had owned due to the war, placed a guard over the mosaic floor and started charging a modest admission fee from visitors for the years until[2][1] 1987, when the First Intifada broke out and the Israeli authorities confiscated the mosaic, the house and a small part of the farm around it.[2] They offered compensation to the Shahwan family, but that was rejected.[citation needed]

After the 1995 Oslo Accords

After the 1995 Oslo Accords, control of the site was given to the Palestinian Authority PA. It was agreed that free access to the site would continue and it would be adequately protected.[8] The PA has deployed a special security force to protect it.[citation needed]

At the beginning of the Al-Aqsa Intifada the site became a source of conflict. On the night of 12 October 2000, vandals entered and desecrated the building, damaging the private house on top of the ancient mosaic. Later, the PA repaired the damage.[9] The Torah scroll stored at the synagogue was rescued from the fire which had been started and was taken to Mevo'ot Yericho.

In 2005 a group of Israelis was able to visit the synagogue after it was restored by the Municipality of Jericho. Originally the IDF allowed only monthly visits - on the first of the Jewish month - in order to conduct prayer services. Beginning in July 2007, prayer services have been allowed once a week.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b - Visiting the City of Jericho, "Jewish Life in Jericho" website by Ari Z. & Yosef N. Zivotofsky, accessed September 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e Alpert, Carl (8 December 1967). ""Peace on Israel"". Canadian Jewish Chronicle Review. p. 10. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  3. ^ The lost Jewish presence in Jericho
  4. ^ Hachlili, Rachel. "Ancient Mosaic Pavements: Themes, Issues, and Trends", BRILL; mentions Jericho and Huseifa. Accessed 5 September 2020.
  5. ^ Eretz Museum website. Mentions the 6th-century Samaritan prayer house from the Eretz Museum grounds. Accessed 5 September 2020.
  6. ^ Ein-Gedi is...one of the most important archaeological sites in the Judean Desert. JewishAgency.org. Mentions the Ein Gedi synagogue. Accessed 5 September 2020.
  7. ^ Synogogue—In Ramallah?, bridgesforpeace.com, March 1, 2006. Mentions the stolen 7th-century (Early Muslim period) mosaic found in Ramallah and probably coming from the Shuafat-Ramallah area. Accessed 5 September 2020.
  8. ^ The Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip, protocol Concerning Redeployment and Security Arrangements
  9. ^ "The Palestinian Authority and the Jewish Holy Sites". JCPA. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  10. ^ "פעם בשבוע תפילה בביה"כ העתיק ביריחו (Once a Week - Prayer at the Ancient Synagogue in Jericho)". Arutz 7 - Israel National News (Hebrew). Retrieved 2015-11-13.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho_synagogue&oldid=977225184"