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Party-goers pose in front of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity house during the 1922 Greek Swingout weekend, second of the Fall social weekends at Washington & Jefferson College

Phi Kappa Psi, also called "Phi Psi," is an American collegiate social fraternity founded at Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania on February 19, 1852.[1] There are 98 chapters and three colonies at accredited four year colleges and universities throughout the United States.[2] More than 112,000 men have been initiated into Phi Kappa Psi since its founding.

The Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity is composed of chapters and alumni associations, the former of which is the scope of this list. Each chapter is chartered to an individual host institution. These host institutions must be accredited four year degree granting colleges and universities in a state, province, territory, or federal district of Canada or the United States. To date, chapter charters have only been granted to groups at U.S. institutions.

When Phi Kappa Psi is extending to an institution that does not currently have a chapter, a probationary group called a "colony" is formed. After criteria are met, that colony receives its charter and becomes a chapter.

A chapter becomes inactive when it relinquishes its charter, or the charter is revoked by the fraternity.

Chapter naming convention

The Phi Psi chapter house at Lafayette College

The chapter naming convention is composed of the top level subnational division of that chapter's host institution, and a Greek letter in alphabetical order from when the charter was originally issued. For example, the first Phi Psi chapter is from Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The first letter in the Greek alphabet is Alpha. The chapter name is Pennsylvania Alpha. The second chapter was installed at the University of Virginia, so it is the Virginia Alpha chapter. The third chapter was installed at Washington & Lee University, in Virginia, so it is the Virginia Beta chapter. The George Washington University chapter is only one ever chartered in the District of Columbia, so it is the District of Columbia Alpha chapter.

If borders change, the chapter name does not. Virginia Delta was chartered at Bethany College in 1859. After the Civil War, Bethany College was in West Virginia, but the chapter remained Virginia Delta.

Chapters are named based on when the charter is granted, not when it is installed. As a result, there have been rare instances when the chapter naming convention may not appear to be consistent with the charter dates. For example, four charters have been granted in Iowa. The second granted was the fourth installed, so Iowa Beta chartered after Iowa Gamma and Iowa Delta.

List of chapters and colonies

  • Italicization of an entire row indicates an inactive chapter or a colony.
  • The S column indicates the status of a chapter or colony:
  — Active chapter
  — Colony
  — Inactive or suspended chapter
  • The # column indicates order in which each chapter was originally chartered.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
S # Chapter Name Chartered
 Host Institution Notes Ref(s)
1 Pennsylvania Alpha 1852–1868,
1873 		Washington & Jefferson College Grand Chapter (1852–1856). Founded at Jefferson College, which merged with Washington College (home of Pennsylvania Delta) in 1865 to create Washington & Jefferson College. At that time, Pennsylvania Alpha and Pennsylvania Delta merged, and continued under the name of Pennsylvania Alpha [3][4][5]
2 Virginia Alpha 1853–1861,
1865 		University of Virginia Grand Chapter (1856–1861), inactive during the Civil War [6][4][7]
3 Virginia Beta 1855–1861,
1865–2015 		Washington and Lee University First fraternity at Washington & Lee, inactive during the Civil War. At chapter's request, a new fraternity, founded at Washington & Lee in 1865, changed its name because of similarities from Phi Kappa Chi to Kappa Alpha Order. Recolonized in the Fall 2018 semester. [3][8][9][10]
4 Pennsylvania Beta 1855 Allegheny College First fraternity at Allegheny. The Pennsylvania Beta chapter of Phi Kappa Psi is the oldest continuously-chartered chapter of any college fraternity in U.S. history. [3][11]
5 Pennsylvania Gamma 1855–1988,
1991 		Bucknell University First fraternity at Bucknell, this chapter existed as an alumni chapter from 1873 until 1880 as a response to the university's anti-fraternity legislation [3][12][13]
6 Pennsylvania Delta 1855–1865 Washington College Grand Chapter (1861–1866), merged into Pennsylvania Alpha when their host institutions merged [3][4][5]
7 Virginia Gamma 1855–1861,
1865–1900 		Hampden–Sydney College Inactive during the Civil War, reestablished soon after. Charter was withdrawn by the fraternity in 1900 due to declining enrollment and a saturated fraternity system [3][14]
8 Pennsylvania Epsilon 1855-2012,

2017–Present

Gettysburg College First fraternity at Gettysburg, which is the site of Miller Hall, 1882, the first chapter house built in the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity and the oldest building in the inter-fraternity world on its original site that is still in use by undergraduates. Grand Chapter (1884–1886). Rechartered in 2017. [3][15][16][4]
9 South Carolina Alpha 1857–1861,
1867–1872,
1884–1892,
1972–1991 		University of South Carolina Went inactive at the beginning of the Civil War, re-chartered in 1867 and remained active until the university's decision to desegregate in 1872 led to the withdrawal of almost the entire student body. Re-chartered in 1884 and remained active until state politics crippled the university to the point that the student body dramatically decreased in size and the chapter closed in 1892. The 1972 rechartering remained in force until the chapter was no longer viable due to low membership [3][17][18]
10 Mississippi Alpha 1857–1861,
1881–1912,
1930 		University of Mississippi University and chapter closed during American Civil War. Re-chartered in 1881, but anti-fraternity legislation closed all fraternities on campus in 1912. Re-chartered in 1930 [3][19][20]
11 Virginia Delta 1859–1882 Bethany College First fraternity at school, which is now in West Virginia. Served as Grand Chapter (1866–1869.) In 1880 because of a faculty refusal to punish a student guilty of a vicious assault on a member of the chapter the members voted to all leave the college [3][21][4][22]
12 Tennessee Alpha 1859–1860 LaGrange Synodical College In 1861 every member of the chapter enlisted in the Confederate Army. In 1863 the college was burned to the ground by the Union Army and never recovered [3][23]
13 Pennsylvania Zeta 1859–2007 Dickinson College Grand Chapter (1869–1875) [3][4]
14 Pennsylvania Eta 1860 Franklin & Marshall College Phi Beta Tau, founded in 1858 in opposition to the perceived arrogance of the two existing fraternities, became a Phi Psi chapter two years later [3][24]
15 Tennessee Beta 1860–1861,
1867–1879 		Cumberland University Ceased operating during the Civil War, returned as a viable chapter until the chapter membership became concentrated in the law department, and all but one member withdrew or graduated in 1877 [3][25][26]
16 Mississippi Beta 1860–1861 Mississippi College First fraternity at college, the chapter had been in existence only a few weeks when the Civil War broke out and every member enlisted. Several were killed and the chapter never recovered [27][3][28]
17 Ohio Alpha 1861 - 2016 Ohio Wesleyan University Grand Chapter (1875–1878), instrumental in the establishment of the New York Alpha chapter at Cornell University; closed by the University in Spring, 2016 after a new pledge of the chapter was found dead in the Delaware run, a creek close to campus, earlier in the year. [3][4][29]
18 Illinois Alpha 1864–1870,
1878 		Northwestern University Only chapter established during the Civil War. Oldest active fraternity at Northwestern. [3][30]
19 Indiana Alpha 1865 DePauw University Instrumental in the establishment of the chapters at Indiana University, University of Missouri and Wabash College [3][31]
20 Kentucky Alpha 1865–1866 Transylvania University Faculty opposition forced the chapter to disband, it is the smallest and shortest lived in Phi Kappa Psi's history [3][32][33]
21 Illinois Beta 1865–1869,
1880–1886,
1894–1970,
1985–1997 		University of Chicago Illinois Beta was chartered at a University of Chicago that opened in 1857, but closed in 1886. A new University of Chicago was created in 1890, and Illinois Beta was revived when Phi Kappa Psi chartered there in 1894 [34][3]
22 Ohio Beta 1866–1988,
1991 		Wittenberg University Oldest fraternity on campus [35][36]
23 Iowa Alpha 1867–1876,
1885 		University of Iowa Grand Chapter award recipient (2002, 2008) [3]
24 District of Columbia Alpha 1868–1899,
1991-2016 		George Washington University Grand Chapter (1881–1884), in 1899 the entire active membership enlisted in the Spanish–American War and the charter was recalled. Chapter suspended in 2016. Recolonization started in Spring 2020 semester. [3][4][37][38]
25 Iowa Gamma 1868–1871 Cornell College First fraternity at the school, disbanded at the request of Cornell College's president due to anti-fraternity sentiment [3][39][40]
26 New York Alpha 1869–1877,
1886-2020 		Cornell University Chartered in the same year that Cornell began teaching by three Phi Psis who transferred from the Ohio Wesleyan chapter. New York Alpha went inactive in 1877 when Psi Upsilon recruited existing members into their chapter, a practice that is now prohibited by all members of the North American Interfraternity Conference, of which both fraternities belong. The chapter re-chartered in 1886 from the efforts of six Phi Psis, one from this chapter, two from the Syracuse University chapter, and three from the Hobart College chapter. [3][41]
27 Pennsylvania Theta 1869 Lafayette College Grand Chapter (1878–1881) [3][4]
28 Indiana Beta 1869–2014, 2019 Indiana University Delta Psi Theta was a local fraternity that chose to go national, considered three fraternities, and selected Phi Kappa Psi in 1869. Rechartered on February 9, 2019. [42][43]
29 Missouri Alpha 1869–1876,
1908-2014, 2019 		University of Missouri First fraternity established on this campus, it occupies a house that is a former plantation. [42][44][45]
30 Tennessee Gamma 1870–1875 University of Nashville Chapter closed as result of an outbreak of Asiatic Cholera that caused the institution to close [42][46]
31 Indiana Gamma 1870–1901,
1948 		Wabash College Chartered at the initiative of the DePauw University chapter, Indiana Gamma closed in 1901 after enrollment in the college dropped dramatically. A local fraternity, Gamma Phi, was formed in 1947 by Phi Psis with the intention of becoming a Phi Kappa Psi chapter, and succeeded in 1948 [42][47][48]
32 Ohio Gamma 1871–1892 College of Wooster First fraternity at the school, a conflict between the student body and the faculty caused a substantial amount of the student body to withdraw, which made the chapter nonviable. By 1913, national chapters banned. [42][49][50]
33 Illinois Gamma 1871–1884 Monmouth College After four years the college ordered its fraternities to disband, but for ten years thereafter the chapter continued sub rosa until pressure from the faculty resulted in the chapter agreeing to disband [42][51]
34 Virginia Epsilon 1871–1879 Randolph–Macon College Founded largely through the efforts of a Phi Kappa Psi alumnus, who was a member of the faculty; after he died, the chapter quickly faded away [42][52]
35 New York Gamma 1872–1876,
1892–1991 		Columbia University [42]
36 Wisconsin Alpha 1875–1894,
1897–1939,
 University of Wisconsin–Madison Phi Kappa Psi was the third fraternity to establish a chapter at Madison. [42][53]
37 Kansas Alpha 1876 University of Kansas Grand Chapter Award recipient (2004) [42][54]
38 Michigan Alpha 1876–1972,
1983 		University of Michigan [42]
39 Wisconsin Beta 1876–1877 Racine College College no longer exists. There was a faculty of 5 and a student body of 50 [42]
40 Pennsylvania Iota 1877–1973,
1978 		University of Pennsylvania [42]
41 Maryland Alpha 1879–1969,
1975 		Johns Hopkins University [42]
42 Ohio Delta 1880–2018 Ohio State University Suspended by the university until 2022 [42]
43 California Alpha 1881–1892 University of the Pacific First chapter in the fraternity to own and occupy a house in which the members lived. Members transferred to the new Stanford University and became the founders of California Beta. [42]
44 New York Delta 1881–1892 Hobart College The chapter was always small, and with fewer than 100 students in attendance at the college, fraternity prospects were scarce [42]
45 Wisconsin Gamma 1881–1970,
1978 		Beloit College [42]
46 Iowa Delta 1882–1889 Simpson College College declined and students scattered [42]
47 Minnesota Alpha 1883–1888 Carleton College Most of the members became the founders of Minnesota Beta [42]
48 New York Beta 1884–1995,
2001 		Syracuse University [42]
49 New York Epsilon 1887–1982 Colgate University Formerly named Madison University. In the 1980s the university launched an effort to accommodate women on the formerly all-male campus. The university offered an interest-free loan to the chapter to be used for house repairs in exchange for accepting coed members. The house corporation donated the chapter house to Colgate. The chapter originated as the Pi Delta Society, a local on that campus. See the closely related Gamma Phi Society, also a local. [42]
50 Minnesota Beta 1888 University of Minnesota [42]
51 Pennsylvania Kappa 1889–1963 Swarthmore College Chapter returned charter in 1963 and became a local fraternity today known as "Phi Psi" [42]
52 West Virginia Alpha 1890–2013,

2017

West Virginia University Only chapter to have their own Chapel attached to the chapter house. [42][55]
53 California Beta 1891 Stanford University Grand Chapter Award recipient (2001, 2005, 2007, 2010) [42][54]
54 New York Zeta 1891–1912 Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn [42]
55 Nebraska Alpha 1895-2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln Currently a colony as of the Spring 2018 semester. [42][56]
56 Massachusetts Alpha 1895–1948 Amherst College The chapter charter was revoked by the fraternity Executive Council after the chapter broke its promise to the EC in a matter involving membership selection [42]
57 New Hampshire Alpha 1896–1967 Dartmouth College [42]
58 California Gamma 1899–1972,
1976–1991,
1996–1998,
2010 		University of California, Berkeley [42][57]
59 Indiana Delta 1901 Purdue University [42]
60 Tennessee Delta 1901–2009,
2012-2018 		Vanderbilt University Chapter may return in 2022 [42][58][59]
61 Rhode Island Alpha 1902–1978,
1984-2012 		Brown University Chapter turned in its charter in 1978 when it decided that it did not want to be part of the national fraternity. It changed its name to "Phi Psi." The local fraternity soon changed its mind, was accepted back as a colony, and re-chartered in 1984 [42]
62 Texas Alpha 1904 University of Texas at Austin Chartered from the last chapter of the regional fraternity Phi Phi Phi (Tri-Phi), which was founded in 1897 [42]
63 Illinois Delta 1904 University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign [42]
64 Ohio Epsilon 1906 Case Western Reserve University [42]
65 Pennsylvania Lambda 1912 Pennsylvania State University [42]
66 Iowa Beta 1913–1999,
2007 		Iowa State University [42]
67 Colorado Alpha 1914–1994,
1998 		University of Colorado at Boulder [42][60]
68 Washington Alpha 1914 University of Washington [42]
69 Oklahoma Alpha 1920–1996,
1999 		University of Oklahoma [42]
70 Oregon Alpha 1923–1999,
2010-2018 		University of Oregon Chapter house can be seen in the 1978 movie Animal House. It was used for exterior shots of Omega House. Eligible to return in Fall 2020. [42][61][62]
71 California Delta 1927-2018 University of Southern California [42]
72 Pennsylvania Mu 1927–1934 Carnegie Mellon University [42]
73 California Epsilon 1931–2011, 2015–Present University of California, Los Angeles [42][63]
74 North Carolina Alpha 1934–2001 Duke University [64][65]
75 Arizona Alpha 1947–1962,
1977–2012 		University of Arizona Former Phi Kappa Psi Executive Director Ralph "Dud" Daniel was a founding father in 1947. Charter revoked on January 20, 2012 primarily because of "repeated instances of hazing over a period of time," which remain unproven. [64][66]
76 Oregon Beta 1948 Oregon State University Grand Chapter Award recipient (2015) [64]
77 Ohio Zeta 1950–1997,
2009 		Bowling Green State University [64]
78 Ohio Eta 1950 University of Toledo The chartering of Ohio Eta initiated the most members at one time in Phi Kappa Psi history, as 150 men were initiated into the fraternity [64]
79 New York Eta 1950–1970,
1984 		University at Buffalo The chapter was discontinued after the University dissolved all of Greek Life and came to life again after the University re-instituted Greek Life in 1984 [64]
80 Indiana Epsilon 1953 Valparaiso University Chartered on February 21, 1953 from the local fraternity Phi Delta Psi, which was founded in 1914. When it became Phi Kappa Psi, it was the first local fraternity at Valparaiso University to go national. Grand Chapter Award recipient (2003) [64][67][54]
81 Texas Beta 1953 Texas Tech University Chartered from the Centaur Club, which was founded in 1929. One of the original eight national fraternities at the college [64]
82 Michigan Beta 1954 Michigan State University [64]
83 Connecticut Alpha 1956–1970 Trinity College [64]
84 Missouri Beta 1960–1976 Westminster College [64]
85 Florida Alpha 1962–1969,
1987 		Florida State University [64]
86 Arizona Beta 1962–2007, 2020 Arizona State University Original chapter started by two colonizers from Washington Alpha. Rechartered on February 8, 2020. [64]
87 Alabama Alpha 1964 University of Alabama [64]
88 California Zeta 1964–1972,
1982–1995 		University of California, Santa Barbara [64]
89 New Jersey Alpha 1965–1993 Rider University The chapter ended as a result of hazing and racial insensitivity by a chapter Fraternity Educators, and the chapter's cover-up. The charter was suspended by emergency order of the national fraternity president and Executive Director [64][68]
90 Nebraska Beta 1965-2017 Creighton University Chapter suspended as of the Spring 2017 semester and may not return until the Fall 2021 semester. [64]
91 Rhode Island Beta 1966–1988,
1990–2008,
2016 		University of Rhode Island Rechartered in 2016 [64][69]
92 Ohio Theta 1966 Ashland University Grand Chapter Award recipient (2000) [64][54]
93 California Eta 1966 California Polytechnic State University [64]
94 Louisiana Alpha 1966 Louisiana State University [64]
95 Florida Beta 1967–1971,
1977–1991 		University of Florida [64]
96 Oklahoma Beta 1967–1991 Oklahoma State University [64]
97 Tennessee Epsilon 1967 University of Tennessee [64]
98 California Theta 1967–1995, 2018 California State University, Northridge Cal Theta is CSUN's first fraternity, founded in 1958 as a local fraternity, Kappa Delta Psi, which then affiliated with Phi Kappa Psi in 1967. It closed in 1995 due to the damage done to the CSUN campus by the 1994 Northridge earthquake but was rechartered on April 7, 2018. [64]
99 New Jersey Beta 1967–1994,
2010 		Monmouth University [64][57]
100 Texas Gamma 1969–1993,
2002-2017 		Texas State University [64]
101 Louisiana Beta 1969–1991,
2015 		University of Louisiana at Lafayette The Louisiana Beta chapter returned to campus as a Colony in 2013. [64]
102 Minnesota Gamma 1969 Minnesota State University, Mankato [64]
103 New Mexico Alpha 1969–2006 Eastern New Mexico University [64]
104 Pennsylvania Nu 1970 Indiana University of Pennsylvania [64]
105 Ohio Iota 1970–1997, 2015 University of Akron [64]
106 Tennessee Zeta 1970–1985 University of Memphis [64]
107 Indiana Zeta 1971-2014 Butler University [64]
108 Ohio Kappa 1971–1978,
2018 		Kent State University The chapter was organized by the fraternity staff and came concurrent with a wave of student protest on the campus culminating with the Kent State shootings [64]
109 Ohio Lambda 1972-2015 Miami University Grand Chapter Award recipient (1992, 1994, 1998) [64][54]
110 Alabama Beta 1974–1988,
2005 		Auburn University [64]
111 Montana Alpha 1975–1983 University of Montana [64]
112 Virginia Zeta 1976–2010,
2018 		Virginia Tech Virginia Zeta returned as a colony in 2016 and rechartered on September 29, 2018. [64]
113 Georgia Alpha 1976 University of Georgia [64]
114 California Iota 1979–1995,
1998–2000,
2006 		University of California, Davis [64]
115 Arkansas Alpha 1979–1991 University of Arkansas The chapter was never able to acquire a chapter house through the university. When they lost the property they were using as a chapter house, membership declined to the point that the charter was pulled. [64]
116 Pennsylvania Xi 1984 Edinboro University of Pennsylvania [64]
117 Illinois Epsilon 1985-2017 Illinois State University After a 100-year Greek ban from 1882 to 1982 IL Epsilon was colonized in 1984 and chartered a year later in 1985. Currently suspended as of the Fall 2017 semester and may not return until the Spring 2019 semester. [64]
118 Delaware Alpha 1985–1990, 2014 University of Delaware [64]
119 Pennsylvania Omicron 1985–1992 Lehigh University [64]
120 Indiana Eta 1987 Indiana State University [64]
121 New Jersey Gamma 1987–1995,
2012 		Rutgers–New Brunswick [64][61][59]
122 Pennsylvania Pi 1987–1993 Temple University Charter was voluntarily returned to the national organization by alumni who did not approve of the direction the chapter was heading. [64]
123 Kentucky Beta 1988-2016 University of Kentucky [64]
124 Texas Delta 1988–1997 Southern Methodist University [64]
125 Maryland Beta 1988–1996 University of Maryland, Baltimore County [64]
126 New Jersey Delta 1990-2018 The College of New Jersey Chapter may return to campus in Fall 2021 [64]
127 California Kappa 1991 University of California, Irvine [70]
128 Massachusetts Beta 1991 Brandeis University [70]
129 North Carolina Beta 1991 East Carolina University [70]
130 New York Theta 1992 Rochester Institute of Technology Grand Chapter Award recipient (2006, 2013) [70][54]
131 Pennsylvania Rho 1992 York College of Pennsylvania [70]
132 Louisiana Gamma 1993 Loyola University New Orleans [70]
133 Illinois Zeta 1993 DePaul University [70]
134 California Lambda 1996 San Diego State University On 6 May 2008, four members of Phi Kappa Psi at San Diego State University were among dozens of individuals, arrested as the result of an undercover investigation into drug trafficking on the University's campus and in the San Diego college area. The chapter was suspended for 18 months before being fully reinstated on May 1, 2010 [70][71][72]
135 Pennsylvania Sigma 1996 University of the Sciences [70]
136 Illinois Eta 1999 Southern Illinois University Edwardsville [70]
137 New Jersey Epsilon 2000 Rowan University Grand Chapter Award recipient (2012) [70]
138 Georgia Beta 2000 Georgia Institute of Technology [70]
139 Pennsylvania Upsilon 2002 Drexel University [70]
140 Pennsylvania Tau 2002–2003 Penn State Altoona [70]
141 Texas Epsilon 2002 Stephen F. Austin State University [70]
142 Minnesota Delta 2002 University of Minnesota Duluth [70]
143 Illinois Theta 2003 University of Illinois at Chicago [70]
144 Pennsylvania Phi 2004 Lycoming College [70]
145 New York Iota 2004 Binghamton University [70]
146 New York Kappa 2004 State University of New York at Oneonta First chapter to charter at a Grand Arch Council (San Diego 2004) [70][73]
147 Ohio Mu 2005 University of Dayton Grand Chapter Award recipient (2009, 2011) [70][54]
148 Illinois Iota 2007 Northern Illinois University [70]
149 Maryland Gamma 2007 University of Maryland, College Park [70]
150 Texas Zeta 2008 Houston Baptist University [70]
151 Ohio Nu 2008 Ohio University [70]
152 California Mu 2008-2018 Occidental College [70]
153 Indiana Theta 2008-2017 Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis Chapter suspended as of the Fall 2017 semester and may not return until the Spring 2019 semester. [70]
154 California Nu 2009 University of California, Riverside [74]
155 Ohio Xi 2010 Capital University [57]
156 California Xi 2010 California State University, Long Beach [57]
157 Ohio Omicron 2011 Muskingum University [59]
158 Virginia Eta 2012 Virginia Commonwealth University
159 Indiana Iota 2012 Ball State University [75][76]
160 Alabama Gamma 2015 University of Alabama Huntsville [75][76]
161 Ohio Pi 2019 Denison University Chartered on February 23, 2019
162 Maryland Delta 2019 Towson University Chartered on October 19, 2019
163 Virginia Theta 2019 James Madison University Chartered in November 2019
164 Texas Eta 2020 Texas A&M University

Footnotes

  1. ^ Anson & Marchesani 1991, p. III 83.
  2. ^ Collinsworth 2010, p. 6.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Phi Kapppa Psi 2009, p. xv.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Van Cleve 1902, pp. 61–85 Chapter describing the Grand Chapter form of government
  5. ^ a b Van Cleve 1902, p. 168.
  6. ^ Campbell 1952, pp. 12, 223.
  7. ^ Van Cleve 1902, p. 169–171.
  8. ^ Anson & Marchesani 1991, p. II 205.
  9. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 172–173.
  10. ^ Anson & Marchesani 1991, p. III 56.
  11. ^ Van Cleve 1902, p. 174.
  12. ^ Anson & Marchesani 1991, p. II 23.
  13. ^ Van Cleve 1902, p. 176.
  14. ^ Van Cleve 1902, p. 179.
  15. ^ Anson & Marchesani 1991, p. II 71.
  16. ^ Harper 1989, p. 38.
  17. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 182–183.
  18. ^ Jones et al. 2002, p. 164.
  19. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 183–185.
  20. ^ Gorgas 1952, p. 149.
  21. ^ Anson & Marchesani 1991, p. II 17.
  22. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 185–187.
  23. ^ Van Cleve 1902, p. 187.
  24. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 189–190.
  25. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 192–193.
  26. ^ Campbell 1952, pp. 108–109.
  27. ^ Anson & Marchesani 1991, p. II 116.
  28. ^ Van Cleve 1902, p. 191.
  29. ^ Van Cleve 1902, p. 209.
  30. ^ Campbell 1952, p. 98.
  31. ^ Van Cleve 1902, p. 198.
  32. ^ Campbell 1952, p. 104.
  33. ^ Jones et al. 2002, p. 159.
  34. ^ Van Cleve 1902, p. 200.
  35. ^ Phi Kapppa Psi 1997, p. ii.
  36. ^ Anson & Marchesani 1991, p. II 219.
  37. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 207–208.
  38. ^ Jones et al. 2002, p. 146.
  39. ^ Anson & Marchesani 1991, p. II 45.
  40. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 205–206.
  41. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 208–210.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at Phi Kapppa Psi 2009, p. xvi.
  43. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 211–212.
  44. ^ Anson & Marchesani 1991, p. II 117.
  45. ^ Miller 2009 gives the history of the Missouri Alpha chapter house and the land it occupies.
  46. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 216–218.
  47. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 219–222.
  48. ^ Gorgas 1952, pp. 701–703.
  49. ^ Anson & Marchesani 1991, p. II 220.
  50. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 225–226.
  51. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 222–224.
  52. ^ Van Cleve 1902, pp. 224–225.
  53. ^ Miller 2011a.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g Phi Kapppa Psi 2010, p. 3.
  55. ^ Collinsworth, Shawn. "Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity Suspends the Charter of its Chapter at West Virginia University". Phi Kappa Psi. Phi Kappa Psi. Archived from the original on 2014-03-26. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  56. ^ Ruggles, Rick. "Alcohol use cited as UNL suspends Phi Kappa Psi fraternity". Omaha World-Herald.
  57. ^ a b c d Reed 2010.
  58. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-10-25. Retrieved 2010-05-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  59. ^ a b c Collinsworth 2012, p. 6.
  60. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-05-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  61. ^ a b Peart 2010.
  62. ^ "ACME Animal House Filming Locations - College as it should have been". Archived from the original on 2010-05-08. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
  63. ^ http://www.dailybruin.com/index.php/blog/off_the_press/2011/08/phi_kappa_psi_chapter_at_ucla_has_been_suspended_for_at_least_four_years
  64. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba Phi Kapppa Psi 2009, p. xvii.
  65. ^ http://communityhousing.duke.edu/greek/resources/history[permanent dead link‍]
  66. ^ Phi Kappa Psi (January 24, 2012). "Executive Council Revokes the Charter of Arizona Alpha". phikappapsi.com/. Indianapolis: Phi Kappa Psi. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2012. At the center of the case against the chapter were repeated instances of hazing over a period of time. The chapter's efforts to hide the truth and mislead those investigating the allegations also contributed to the final action. All of these factors were in addition to multiple chapter violations of the Fraternity's risk management policy and those rules and regulations of the University of Arizona.
  67. ^ Strietelmeier 1959, p. 57.
  68. ^ "Rider College Is Closing Fraternity". The New York Times. New York. 30 January 1993. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  69. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-03-24. Retrieved 2016-12-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  70. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Phi Kapppa Psi 2009, p. xviii.
  71. ^ "Dozens of college students busted in drug sting". NBC News. Associated Press. May 6, 2008.
  72. ^ Nour, Reem (May 10, 2010). "Fraternity reinstated at SDSU". The Daily Aztec. Archived from the original on May 14, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  73. ^ Rakowski 2005, p. 25.
  74. ^ Proie 2009, pp. 22–23.
  75. ^ a b https://www.webcitation.org/64Oc7cJiE?url=http://www.phikappapsi.com/JoinUs/CurrentColonies
  76. ^ a b https://www.webcitation.org/64Oc87fhG?url=https://sitecorecms.bsu.edu/CampusLife/GreekLife/aboutus/chapters/fraternities/phikpsi.aspx

References

Books

Periodicals

Websites

  • Mitchell, Martha (1993). "Fraternities". Encyclopedia Brunoniana. Providence RI: Brown University. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
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