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ARA San Juan (S-42)

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TR-1700 submarine ARA San Juan (S-42)
History
Argentina
NameARA San Juan
BuilderThyssen Nordseewerke, Emden, Federal Republic of Germany
Completed28 June 1983
Commissioned19 November 1985
StatusIn active service. Missing as of 20 November 2017
General characteristics
Class and typeTemplate:Sclass2-
Displacement
  • 2,140 tonnes (surfaced)
  • 2,336 tonnes (submerged)
Length65.93 m (216.3 ft)
Beam8.36 m (27.4 ft)
Draught7.34 m (24.1 ft)
Propulsion
  • 1 shaft 4 × MTU diesels
  • 1 × Siemens electric motor
Speed
  • 15 knots (28 km/h) surfaced
  • 25 knots (46 km/h) submerged
Range12,000 nmi (22,000 km) at 8 kn (15 km/h) surfaced
Endurance30 days
Complement37
Sensors and
processing systems
  • Radar Thompson CSF Calypso
  • Sonar Atlas Elektronik CSU 3/4, Thompson Sintra DUUX-5
Armament

ARA San Juan (S-42) is a Template:Sclass2- diesel-electric submarine in active service with the Argentine Navy. The submarine was constructed in Germany and entered service on 19 November 1985. San Juan underwent a mid-life update from 2008 to 2013.

On 15 November 2017, San Juan stopped communicating during a routine patrol off the coast of Argentina. A multi-nation search operation was mounted to try to find the submarine, which was believed to have suffered an electrical malfunction.

Design

Main article: TR-1700-class submarine

Built by Thyssen Nordseewerke,[1][2] San Juan was laid down on 18 March 1982 and launched on 20 June 1983. It has a single-hull design, with a lightweight bow and stern and a watertight superstructure in the central part. Its sister vessel, ARA Santa Cruz is the only other one of its type, though the program originally sought to produce a larger number of submarines.[3]

Operational history

File:ARA San Juan.jpg
ARA San Juan at Tandanor shipyards.

The submarine entered service on 19 November 1985. A mid-life update was carried out in Argentina between 2008 and 2013, taking longer than expected due to budget constraints.[4][5] The upgrade cost around 100 million pesos ($12.4 million) and comprised more than 500,000 work hours during which the submarine was cut in half and had its four MTU engines and batteries replaced.[6] The updates were carried out at the Argentine Industrial Naval Complex's (CINAR) Tandanor and Storni shipyards.[3] Later, San Juan was tasked with carrying out surveillance exercises in the economic zone around Puerto Madryn, particularly in the role of combating illegal fishing.[7][8]

Name

The submarine's name derives from the Argentine province of San Juan, given that the names of all Argentine submarines begin with the letter S. Past ships with the same name are a destroyer (1911), surveyor (1929) and torpedo boat (1937).[9]

Disappearance

In November 2017 San Juan was sailing from the Ushuaia naval base to the Mar del Plata base.[10] On 17 November 2017 it was announced that it not been heard from since 15 November, and that search and rescue operations had been launched some 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) southeast of San Jorge Gulf.[11] There are at least 44 servicemen on board the missing submarine,[12] which carries oxygen for no more than seven days when submerged.[13] Among them is Argentina's first female submarine officer, Eliana María Krawczyk.[14]

On 18 November 2017 the Ministry of Defense reported that there had been attempts at communication that day from a satellite phone that was believed to be from the submarine,[15][16] but it was later determined that the calls were not from the submarine.[13]

On 19 November the Argentine Armed Forces stated that severe weather with 8-metre (26 ft) waves in the area was hampering the search effort and that weather conditions would not be favourable until 21 November.[17][18]

On 20 November, the Argentine Navy announced that a "critical phase" for the rescue was approaching. Though the submarine has enough supplies to last 90 days above water, it only has enough oxygen for 7-10 days underwater and it is speculated that it was underwater when communications were lost given the rough weather. The Navy also stated that if the issue had simply been a communications failure, then the San Juan would have arrived at Mar del Plata on 19 or 20 November.[13][19] The Argentine Navy later reported that sonar systems on two of its ships and sonar buoys dropped by the US P-8A Poseidon aircraft detected noises possibly coming from the San Juan, while a senior United States Navy officer told CNN that this sounded like banging on the hull in order to alert passing ships.[19][20][21] In a statement made to the press, the Argentine Navy advised caution and for the press not to speculate on the nature of the noise, which had been recorded and was being analysed, though they did state that the noise was "permanent and repetitive."[22][21] The analysis of the audio determined that the origin of the sound was probably of biological origin.[23] The Royal Navy stated that 10-metre (33 ft) waves had slowed the search, but easing weather led to improved sonar conditions.[21] At the end of the day the oceanographic vessels of the Argentine Navy Puerto Deseado and ARA Austral with support of the icebreaker Almirante Maximiano of the Brazilian Navy carried out an extensive scan in the place where the biological sound started.[24]

Search and rescue effort

  •  Norway – On 18 November the private company DOF ASA offered the Skandi Patagonia for the search and rescue mission. The vessel had previously aided in the rescue of a cargo ship in the area in 2009.[31][32]
  •  Spain – Has offered three containers of supplies including oxygen and food rations should an underwater rescue be carried out.[26]

See also

References

  1. ^ Latinoamericana, Comunidad Submarinista. "Reparación de Media Vida Submarino Tipo TR1700 ARA San Juan S-42 (Segunda Parte)". Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  2. ^ Miller, David (2002). The Illustrated Directory of Submarines. Zenith Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-7603-1345-8. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. ^ a b Castro, Pablo (5 March 2009). "Reparación de Media Vida Submarino Tipo TR1700 ARA San Juan S-42 (Primera Parte)". www.elSnorkel.com (in European Spanish). Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  4. ^ Kiernan, Sergio (3 August 2014). "El arte de reparar submarinos". Pagina 12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  5. ^ Piñeiro, Luis (20 September 2016). "Comienza en Argentina la modernización del submarino TR-1700 ARA Santa Cruz-noticia defensa.com". Defensa.com. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  6. ^ "Argentine Navy receives refurbished TR1700 class submarine ARA San Juan". MercoPress. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  7. ^ "How Did Argentina Lose a Submarine And Its Crew?". Telesur. 17 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  8. ^ Morales, Fernando (17 November 2017). "Cómo es el submarino ARA San Juan que es intensamente buscado". Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  9. ^ "Por qué se llama San Juan el submarino que es intensamente buscado". Diario de Cuyo. 17 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  10. ^ "Argentine navy loses contact with submarine". BBC. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  11. ^ "Desapareció un submarino argentino y se desplegó un operativo de rescate" (in Spanish). La Nacion. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  12. ^ Melgar, Ana; Gallón, Natalie; Hanna, Jason. "Argentine navy says it's lost contact with submarine". CNN. Retrieved 17 November 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ a b c Uki Goñi (20 November 2017). "Missing Argentinian submarine running out of air as search enters 'critical phase'". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  14. ^ Politi, Daniel; Londoño, Ernesto (17 November 2017). "Search Underway for Argentine Navy Submarine With 44". New York Times. Retrieved 17 November 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "Habrían intentado comunicarse siete veces desde el submarino ARA San Juan". Infobae (in Spanish). 18 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  16. ^ "Detectaron siete llamadas satelitales que se habrían realizado desde el ARA San Juan". www.telam.com.ar. 18 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  17. ^ "La búsqueda del submarino Ara San Juan: recién el martes las condiciones serán favorables". La Nacion. 19 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  18. ^ "Argentinian Navy unsure if satellite signals are from lost submarine". ABC News. 20 November 2017.
  19. ^ a b CNN, John Kirby, Ana Melgar and Joe Sterling, (20 November 2017). "Argentinian navy detects noises that may be from missing sub". CNN. Retrieved 20 November 2017. {{cite news}}: |last1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Lugones, Paula (20 November 2017). "Submarino ARA San Juan: según la Marina de EE.UU., detectaron "posibles ruidos" de la nave". Clarin (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  21. ^ a b c Goñi, Uki (20 November 2017). "Argentina's navy detects fresh noises as hope revived in hunt for missing sub". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  22. ^ "La Armada confirma el registro de un "ruido" en el área de búsqueda del submarino Ara San Juan". La Nacion. 20 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  23. ^ "La Armada confirmó que el ruido registrado durante la búsqueda del Ara San Juan "no corresponde a un submarino"". Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  24. ^ https://twitter.com/Armada_Arg/status/932775871844356096. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ^ "Tres barcos y dos aviones de la Armada buscan al ARA San Juan". Diario La Capital de Mar del Plata (in European Spanish). Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  26. ^ a b c "La Armada Española le ofreció a la Argentina equipamiento para el rescate del submarino ARA San Juan". Infobae (in Spanish). 20 November 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  27. ^ a b c "En fotos: las embarcaciones y aeronaves que participan de la búsqueda del ARA San Juan". La Nacion. 18 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  28. ^ a b c d "En detalle: la tecnología que enviaron empresas privadas y otros países para la búsqueda del ARA San Juan". La Nacion. 18 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  29. ^ Bermúdez, Gabriel (19 November 2017). "Submarino ARA San Juan: llega el avión más moderno de EE.UU. para sumarse a la búsqueda". Clarin (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  30. ^ a b c d "Submarino ARA San Juan: todos los medios navales y aéreos que trabajan en la búsqueda". La Nacion. 20 November 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  31. ^ "Un buque de rescate apto para operaciones submarinas se dirige a Comodoro Rivadavia". Infobae (in Spanish). 18 November 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  32. ^ "Skandi Patagonia". www.dof.no. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  33. ^ "UK offers help as Argentinian military submarine ARA San Juan goes missing at sea". Sky News. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  34. ^ Británica, Embajada (17 November 2017). "Following a request from the Argentine Government, @RoyalNavy's HMS Protector has been deployed to join the search and rescue effort for the #ARASanJuan. Our thoughts are with the crew of the submarine and their families.pic.twitter.com/s60QU7NePr". @UKinArgentina. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  35. ^ "HMS Protector helps hunt for missing Argentinian submarine ARA San Juan". Sky News. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  36. ^ Farmer, Ben (19 November 2017). "Elite Royal Navy rescue team sent as possible calls detected from missing Argentine submarine". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  37. ^ Navy, Royal (19 November 2017). "HMS Protector (@protector_hms) has now arrived in the South Atlantic to join international efforts to find and rescue a missing Argentine submarine. The @RoyalNavy's Submarine Parachute Assistance Group has also been deployed. More details: www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2017/november/19/171118-protector-assists-submarine-search …pic.twitter.com/qP8U3DdEWh". @RoyalNavy. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  38. ^ Gallagher, Sean (17 November 2017). "Argentine Navy diesel sub disappears, NASA plane joins in search". Ars Technica. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  39. ^ "U.S. Navy P-8A Poseidon to Support Argentina Search for Submarine" (Press release). U.S. Southern Command. 17 November 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  40. ^ "US Navy to Deploy Undersea Rescue Capabilities to Argentina". Navy News Service. U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command Public Affairs. 18 November 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  41. ^ "Submarine Rescue Systems - OceanWorks". www.oceanworks.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to ARA San Juan (S-42).


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