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Ali al-Akbar ibn Hasan

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For the son of Husayn ibn Ali who died at the Battle of Karbala (680), see Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn.
Ali Akbar
Born868–874
DiedUnknown
Termez
Other names(nickname), Abdullah, Akbar, Asghar, al-Taqi, al-Muttaqi, Muhammad or Mahmoud
TitleSayyid ul Sadaat Sultan Saadat (leader of the sayyids)

Imamzadeh (son of the Imam)

Najm Ahl al-Bayt Rasul Allah (Star of the Household of the Prophet of Allah)
Children
  • Sayyid Abu Muhammad Mahmud al-Makki
  • Sayyid Ali al-Asghar
  • Sayyid Uthman
  • Sayyid Musa
  • Sayyid Isa
  • Sayyid Husayn
ParentHasan al-Askari
RelativesMuhammad (forefather),
Fatimah (sister),
Muhammad al-Mahdi (brother),
Musa (brother),
Ja'far (brother),
Ibrahim (brother)[1][2][3][4]

Sayyid Ali al-Akbar ibn al-Hasan (Arabic: سید علي الأكبر بن الحسن, romanized: Sayyid ʿAlī al-Akbar ibn al-Ḥasan) was a Sunni Muslim saint, and according to some historians of genealogy the second son of Imam Hasan al-Askari, the eleventh Imam in Shia Islam. He was also the brother of the twelfth Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi. His existence was hidden because of contemporary political conflicts with the political leadership of the Abbasids, reaching its peak at that time.[5][6][7]

Sayyid Ali al-Akbar is venerated in Sunni and Shiite sufi Islam as the patriarch of various Sufi Saints.[8][9]

Introduction

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The genealogical records of some Middle Eastern families, especially from Persia and Khorasan, indicate that 11th Imam had a second son, Sayyid Ali.[10][11] This is supported by the belief of various followers Sufi saints, like the sunni saints Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, Moinuddin Chishti and Bahauddin Naqshband, who were the founders of the Chishtiyya and Naqshbandiyya sufi orders and also the prominent Sufi Saint Khwaja Maudood Chishti.

In his Usul al-Kafi, al-Kulayni wrote, "All confirms the claim that Hasan al-Askari had more than one wife, in addition to slave girls, with whom he had relations" and, "when the caliph received news of Imam Hasan al-Askari's illness, he instructed his agents to keep a constant watch over the house of the Imam... he sent some of these midwives to examine the slave girls of the Imam to determine if they were pregnant. If a woman was found pregnant she was detained and imprisoned."[5][12][7]

Descendants

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According to the earliest reports as cited below from official family tree documents and records, Imam Hasan al-Askari fathered seven children and was survived by six.[13][14] The names of his illustrious biological children were: Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi, Musa, Ja’far, Ibrahim, Fatima and ‘Ali, sometimes referred to as al-Akbar, al-Asghar, al-Taqi, al-Muttaqi or al-Amir, Abu Abdullah, Shah Abul Maali.[15][16][17][18][4][19] Еarly books on sayyid genealogy also mention that the descendants of Sayyid Ali ibn Sayyid imam Hassan al-Askari lived in the city of Sabzevar in shiite muslims Iran.[20][21]

  • Sultan Saodat graves of Sayyid Ali Akbar and his relatives.
    Sultan Saodat graves of Sayyid Ali Akbar and his relatives.
  • Descendant of Sayyid Ali Akbar, Hazrat Ishaan
    Descendant of Sayyid Ali Akbar, Hazrat Ishaan

Notable descendants of Sayyid Ali Akbar include the eleventh generation Sufi saints, Maudood Chishti and Bahauddin Naqshband.[22][23][24] One descendant after eighteen generations was Hazrat Ishaan. Maternal descendants of Sayyid Imam al-Askari and Hazrat Ishaan included the brothers, Sayyid Mir Jan, Sayyid Mahmud Agha and Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha, the Chief Justice of the Emirate of Afghanistan. And paternal descendant of Sayyid Imam Al-Askari Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī also known as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī and commonly known as Al-Afghani - a political activist and Islamic ideologist who travelled throughout the Muslim world during the late 19th century and Sayyid Mohammed Uthman al-Mirghani, known as "Al-Khatim", was the founder of the Khatmiyya sufi tariqa that has a following in Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia and Ethiopia.

Annemarie Schimmel wrote, "Khwaja Mir Dard's family, like many nobles from Bukhara, led their pedigree back to Baha'uddin Naqshband, after whom the Naqshbandi order is named, and who was a descendant, in the eleventh generation of the eleventh Shia imam, Sayyid al-Hasan al-Askari."[12]

Prince Sayyid Raphael Dakik of Afghanistan, Hazrat Ishaan of the Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya and Barakzai Prince (Mir Muhammad Jan Khel of the Telai cadet branch) is a Sunni descendant of Sayyid Ali Akbar after 34 generations in an immediate line through Bahauddin Naqshband, Hazrat Ishaan and Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha.[25]

Controversy

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There are some Shiite genealogists like Walid Al-Baaj, who describe that there were old genealogical sources, stating that Sultan Sadat Sayyid Ali Akbar was the second son of Sayyid imam Muhammad al-Askari who is considered the elder brother of imam Hasan al-Askari, and his descendants.[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Al-Baaj wrote a book about the descent of Ali Akbar from Muhammad ibn Ali al Hadi and not Hasan al Askari in 1999.[33]

Harvard Professor Annemarie Schimmel highlights the descent of Bahauddin Naqshband from Hasan al Askari through Sayyid Ali Akbar, referring to the Sunni noble Khwaja Mir Dard´s family and "many nobles, from Bukhara; they led their pedigree back to Baha`uddin Naqshband, after whom the Naqshbandi order is named, and who was a descendent, in the 13th generation of the 11th Shia imam al-Hasan al-Askari".[34]

Burial place

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The genealogy of Khwaja Samandar Muhammad ibn Baqi al-Termizi - the famous sheikh and poet, writer and scholar, author of "Dastur al Mulk" (Guide to Kings) (XVII сentury), goes back to Sultan Sadat - Al-Amir Sayyid Ali Akbar Termizi - in turn Al-Amir Sayyid Ali Akbar bin Sayyid imam Al-Askari, it is mentioned in his history book called "Dastur al Mulk". The 15th century famous poet, musicologist, scholar of language and other sciences Sahib Balkhi Sharifi wrote about the Sayyids of Termiz. His one of the poems begins with the name of Sultan Saadat (Sultan of Sayyids), i.e. the praise of Al-Amir Sayyid Ali Akbar al Termizi. Therefore, Sultan Saadat (Sodot) is the Sultan of Sayyids and the owner (historians suggest that Sayyid Ali Akbar bin Sayyid imam Muhammad Al-Askari's burial place is located in the main mausoleum Sultan Saodat memorial complex) "Sultan Saodat (Sadat)" Mausoleum (erected 9-15 centuries) in Termez city - and Sultan Sadat is Sayyid Ali Akbar al Termizi, which is also mentioned with the nickname (kunyat) Sayyid Abu Muhammad who presumably died at the end of the 9th century or early 10th century in Termez. Many tombs and nameless graves of more than a thousand sayyids are located in the "Sultan Saodat" memorial complex and its territory in Termez.[35][36][37][38][39]

List of notable descendants

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Ibn Abi l-Thalj (d.322 hijrah) Majmuat nafisa fi tarikh al-a'imma, pages 21-22
  2. ^ Ali Al Arbali (d.693 h.) Siraj al-Ansab, page 222
  3. ^ "Shajara-e-nasab lineages of descendants of Imam Hasan al-Askari". Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
  4. ^ a b page 41 "النجف الأشرف) السيد محمد مهدي ابن السيد محمد اصفهاني الموسوي الكاظمي "دوائر المعارف في الأسماء الحسنى)
  5. ^ a b Islamic Culture and the names of the Ahl al-Bait - Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan ("Genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan") Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya, Lahore p.63.
  6. ^ Kulayni M. Y. and Sarwar M. (trans.) al-Kafi, chapter 124 "The Birth of Imam Abi Muhammad al-Hasan ibn 'Ali" p.705.
  7. ^ a b "ZiaIslamic "Gulzar auliya"". Archived from the original on 2016-08-11.
  8. ^ "Naqshbandiya shajarasi izidan". Archived from the original on 2017-08-03. Retrieved 2017-08-03.
  9. ^ "Ҳазрат Хожа Баҳоуддин Нақшбанд". Archived from the original on 2017-08-03. Retrieved 2017-08-03.
  10. ^ Kashani “Kitab al aqaid al iyman” page 259
  11. ^ "Two hundred seventy-seven pirs" by Salim Bukhari
  12. ^ a b Schimmel A. Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim India BRILL 1976, ISBN 9004047719
  13. ^ Muhammed bin Yusuf Al Zarandi (d.720 hijrah) “Marij a’wusul ila ma’rifat fadlal” page 176
  14. ^ Ibn Abi l-Thalj (d.322 hijrah) “Majmuat nafisa fi tarikh al-a’imma” pages 21-22
  15. ^ Abul Hasan Ali bin Isa (d.1293 m.) “Kashf ul-Ghumma”
  16. ^ Fahr Al-Razi Shafeiy (b.534 hijrah) “Al shajarat al mubaraka fi ansab” page 79
  17. ^ Al Khasibi (b.890 hijrah) "Al-Hidaya al-kubra” page 328
  18. ^ H.Hadjazada “Hidaqat ul Awliya”
  19. ^ "Shajara-e-nasab lineages of descendants of Imam Hasan al-Askari r.a.-Shajara.org". Retrieved 2020-06-29.
  20. ^ Ali Al Arbali (d.693 h.) “Siraj al-Ansab” page 222
  21. ^ https://shajara.org/1426-shajara-e-nasab-lineages-of-descendants-of-imam-hasan-al-askari/ Shajara-e-nasab lineages of descendants of Imam Hasan al-Askari r.a.
  22. ^ Tariq, Mujtaba. "Faizan-e-Umoor.com Hazrat Bahaauddin Naqshbandi (R. A.)". baabeamoor.com.[dead link]
  23. ^ "Род Бахауддина Накшбанда по линии матери происходит от хазрата Абу Бакра Сиддика (р.а.)". Studopedia.
  24. ^ Naqshbandiya shajarasi izidan Archived 2017-08-03 at the Wayback Machine Shajara website.
  25. ^ Tazkare Khanwade Hazrat Ishaan, p. 61, 281
  26. ^ Sheikh Qumi, Muntahi al-Amal, 1379, chapter-3, p-20
  27. ^ Hossein Madani, book "Tuhfat al-Azhar", Al-Tarat al-Maktub, chapter-1, pp-9-10
  28. ^ Kharz ad-din, book "Markat al-Maarif", 1371, chapter-2, pp-242
  29. ^ Badawi, Saba al-Jazeera, book Saba al-Dujail Information and Guidance Centre, p-10
  30. ^ https://shajara.org/sulton-sodot-saodat-amir-sayyid-ali-akbar/ Sultan Sadat Sayyid Ali bin Sayyid Muhammad al-Baaj bin imam Ali al-Hadi
  31. ^ Naqib al-Ashraf Ibn Abd al-Ahad Sherazi "Shajara-e-nasab", p-27-39, Islamic University, Association of Naqabats,2012
  32. ^ https://shajara.org/sulton-sodot-saodat-amir-sayyid-ali-akbar/ About Sayyid Ali Akbar bin Sayyid Muhammad al-Baaj bin imam Ali al-Hadi
  33. ^ http://www.alnssabon.com/t91117.html#post432618 Al-Baaj the offspring of Sayyid Muhammad Saba al-dujail ibn al-Imam Ali al-Hadi
  34. ^ Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim India” p.32, Annemarie Schimmel
  35. ^ "Dastur al Mulk" (Guide to Kings) (XVII сentury) by Khwaja Samandar Muhammad ibn Baqi al-Termizi, translator professor of history Jabbor Esonov, "Sharq", Tashkent 2001, page 22
  36. ^ "Durdonahoi Nasr" book, "Adib", Dushanbe 1985, page 375
  37. ^ "Sayyidlar Shajarasi", "Islamic university", Tashkent 2017, page 14
  38. ^ "Sulton Sodot Amir Sayyid Ali Akbar". Shajara.
  39. ^ «Buyuk Termiziylar» (Буюк Термизийлар) book by Mirzo Kenjabek, “Uzbekistan National encyclopedias” 2017, page-267
Banu Hashim
Clan of the Banu Quraish
Born: 242 AH ≈ 856 CE Died: 314 AH ≈ 926 CE
Shia Islam titles
Preceded by Sultan Sadat
Muhammadite Shia
and Sunni Islam
866–926 		Succeeded by
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