Alpena Light

Alpena Light
Location	End of N breakwater at Thunder Bay River mouth, 150 ft. from shore, Alpena, Michigan
Coordinates	45°03′36″N 83°25′23″W / 45.06°N 83.423°W
Tower
Constructed	1914
Foundation	Breakwater
Construction	Cast iron
Height	Tower - 34 feet (10 m)
Shape	four-legged pyramid skeleton tower
Markings	Red Daymark with upper part enclosed
Heritage	National Register of Historic Places listed place
Fog signal	HORN: 1 blast ev 15s (2s bl). Operates May 1 to Oct. 20.
Light
First lit	1914
Focal height	13 m (43 ft)
Lens	Fourth order Fresnel lens
Range	12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi)
Characteristic	Fl R 6 secs.

The Alpena Light, also known as the Thunder Bay River Lighthouse^[11] or Alpena Breakwater Light,^[6] is a lighthouse on Lake Huron near Alpena, Michigan. Standing on the north breakwater of Alpena Harbor, the light marks the entrance to the Thunder Bay River from Thunder Bay.^[6] The current lighthouse, built in 1914, replaced earlier wooden structures which had been in use since 1877 and 1888.^[12] The current light is a weather-protected structure on a steel frame. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006, and the state inventory list the same year.^[13]

History and description

The history of the Alpena Lights closely follows the history of the local timber industry. Shipping in and out of the Thunder Bay River has historically concentrated on logs, cut lumber, and rolls of paper and newsprint. The first petition for a lighthouse at the mouth of the Thunder Bay River, from a consortium of men active in the local lumber industry, came in 1857. Other pleas followed.^[6]

Congress partly responded to these appeals in 1867 with an appropriation of $10,000 to build a light at nearby Trowbridge Point. After further appeals directly to the United States Lighthouse Board, the Board advised Congress to move the location of the prospective light to the mouth of the Thunder Bay River. This recommendation was a key element in the final location of the Alpena Light. Congress approved the recommendation in 1868.^[6]

First and second lights

In August 1875, the first Alpena Light was established as a temporary 25-foot (7.6 m)-tall "pole light" approximately ten miles off shore.^[13]^[14]

In 1877, a second light was built from a timber design of Major Godfrey Weitzel. It was a brown wooden pyramidal tower, complete with a Sixth Order Fresnel lens.^[6] In July 1888 it burned with much of the town.^[13] After it burnt, keeper E.G. Howard—who had managed to save the keeper's house from the conflagration—again put up a temporary pole with a light.^[6] The original fog bell from the "1870 light" [sic] is on display at the Huron Lights Museum north of town.^[15]

Current (third) light

The current Alpena Light (1914), the third light of that name,^[12]^[16] is thought to be the only lighthouse of this type in the U.S.^[17] Russ Rowlett, who maintains the online Lighthouse Directory, flatly states that: "this tower is the only surviving example of its design."^[18] However, the structure of this light is similar in concept to Lake Superior's Chequamegon Point Light.^[19] There are also skeletal towers of various other designs in the western Great Lakes.^[20]

Originally painted black, its daymark function was enhanced in 1950 by painting it bright red.^[4]

The current lens was installed circa 1996.^[13] The original Fresnel lens is presently located at the Grand Traverse Lighthouse.^[21]

From 1878 to 1965 there were five lighthouse keepers at this location.^[22]

The Alpena Light fog horn has gone through different iterations. In 1891, there was a fog bell with an automated striking mechanism, which was upgraded in 1920 to an electric alarm, and in 1932 to the current modern automated fog horn.^[13]

The Alpena Light onshore complex once included a brick oil storage building, built in 1896; it was removed after the light's electrification. The light was automated in 1974.^[21]

The current Alpena Light is 34 feet (10 m) tall; references in some sources to this light being "80 feet (24 m) tall" are factually incorrect.^[17]^[23] Compare the U.S. Coast Guard Light List,^[2] the Terry Pepper Seeing the Light database of heights,^[1] and the Lighthouse Directory.^[18]

Getting there

The Alpena Light is best viewed from the transient docks at the City of Alpena’s marina.^[17] It has been variously called "Sputnik"^[16] and "Little Red" by locals. Others are dismissive, opining that it is "Long on duty, short on beauty."^[17] Another colorful local phrase is, "Don't kick the can."^[11] The light marks the Alpena harbor of refuge and is located just east of downtown Alpena.

The light today

Over the years, this light has been a source of civic pride, and has been the subject of many postcards.^[24] The Great Lakes lighthouse festival is centered in Alpena in the second weekend of each October, and this light was used in 1999 as a pictorial cancellation of stamps celebrating the event.^[25] Passing freighters in the river come very close to the light.^[26]

A scaled down replica of this light was built at Lake Havasu, Arizona.^[27] The replica is in Mohave County, Arizona, was sponsored by the County Board of Supervisors, and was built by members of the Lake Havasu Lighthouse Club. It was dedicated on November 5, 2006, and is at GPS:3 4° 26.99' N - 114° 22.38' W. It is on the western tip of Havasu Island,^[28] and has a red light that flashes sixty times per minute.^[27]

As of 2010, the Alpena Light is an active aid to navigation.^[2]

In June 2011, the General Services Administration made the Alpena Light (along with 11 others) available at no cost to public organizations willing to preserve them.^[29]^[30]

References

^ ^a ^b Database, Pepper, Terry. "Seeing the Light: Lighthouses on the western Great Lakes".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Light List, Volume VII, Great Lakes (PDF). Light List. United States Coast Guard.
^ Michigan Lighthouse fund, Alpena Light.
^ ^a ^b Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy, Alpena Pier Light.
^ Pepper, Terry. "Database of Focal Heights". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Alpena Breakwater Light.
^ But see, claimed "190 mm plastic optic." U.S. Lighthouses, Alpena Light.
^ Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society, Alpena (Lake Huron) Light ARLHS USA-007.
^ Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society, World List of Lights (WLOL).
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
^ ^a ^b Thunderbay National Marine Sanctuary, Thunder Bay River Lighthouse.
^ ^a ^b Beacons in the Night: Michigan Lighthouse Chronology, Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e National Park Service , Maritime Heritage Program, Inventory of Historic Light Stations - Michigan Lighthouses, Alpena Light.
^ Lighthouse Central, Alpena Light Photographs, History and Directions, The Ultimate Guide to East Michigan Lighthouses by Jerry Roach (Publisher: Bugs Publishing LLC - July 2006).] ISBN 0-9747977-1-5.
^ Huron Lights museum.
^ ^a ^b "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Michigan". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Alpena County Tourist Bureau.
^ ^a ^b Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of the United States: Michigan's Eastern Lower Peninsula". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
^ Wobser, David, Chequamegon Point Light, from an article that originally appeared in Great Laker Magazine at boatnerd.com.
^ See, List of Tower Types, Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light.
^ ^a ^b Anderson, Kraig, Lighthouse Friends, Alpena Harbor Lighthouse.
^ Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, List of Alpena keepers.
^ See also Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy, Alpena Pier Light.
^ Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy, Alpena Lighthouse, postcard views.
^ Alpena Light cancellation.
^ Picture, ship passing Alpena Light at boatnerd.com.
^ ^a ^b Photo of Lake Havasu Alpena Light replica.
^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of the United States: Arizona". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. under Alpena Replica
^ "For sale: Waterfront property; cozy, great views, plenty of light, needs TLC". CNN. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
^ Beatty, MaryAnne. "GSA Making 12 Historic Lighthouses Available at No Cost to Public Organizations Willing to Preserve Them". GSA Website. US General Services Administration. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

v t e Lighthouses in Michigan
Main: List of lighthouses in the United States
Northern Upper Peninsula	Au Sable Big Bay Point Copper Harbor Copper Harbor Front Range Crisp Point Eagle Harbor Eagle Harbor Range Lights Eagle River Fourteen Mile Point Grand Island East Channel Grand Island Harbor Rear Range Grand Island North Grand Marais Range Lights Granite Island Gull Rock Huron Island Isle Royale Manitou Island Marquette Breakwater Outer Marquette Harbor Mendota (Bete Grise) Munising Front Range Munising Rear Range Ontonagon Ontonagon Harbor West Breakwater Portage River (Jacobsville) Passage Island Presque Isle Harbor Breakwater Light Rock Harbor Rock of Ages Sand Hills Sand Point Light (Baraga) St. Martin Island Stannard Rock Thunder Bay Island Whitefish Point
Southern Upper Peninsula	DeTour Reef Lansing Shoals Manistique East Breakwater Martin Reef Menominee Pier Minneapolis Shoal Naubinway Island Peninsula Point Poverty Island Sand Point Seul Choix Squaw Island St. Martin Island
St. Mary's River	Frying Pan Island Pipe Island Point Iroquois Round Island Light (St. Mary's River) Six Mile Point Range Rear Winter Point Range Front
Portage River/Ship Canal	Keweenaw Waterway Lower Entrance Keweenaw Waterway Upper Entrance Portage Lake Rouleau Point Range Front and Rear Lights
Straits of Mackinac	Bois Blanc McGulpin Point Old Mackinac Point Round Island Round Island Passage St. Helena Island Wawatam
Western Lower Peninsula	Beaver Island Harbor Beaver Island Head Big Sable Point Cedar River Charlevoix Charlevoix South Pier Frankfort Frankfort South Range Grand Haven North Pierhead Grand Haven South Pierhead Entrance Grand Haven South Pierhead Inner Grand Traverse Grays Reef Holland Harbor Ile Aux Galets Little Sable Point Little Traverse Ludington Manistee Pierhead Manning Memorial Mission Point Mission Point (1933) Muskegon Breakwater Muskegon Pier North Manitou Shoal Pentwater North Pierhead Pentwater South Pierhead Point Betsie Portage Lake South Fox Island South Haven South Manitou Island St. Joseph North Pier Inner St. Joseph North Pier Outer Waugoshance White River White Shoal
Eastern Lower Peninsula	Alpena Caseville Harbor Charity Island Cheboygan Crib Cheboygan River Front Range Detroit River Fort Gratiot Forty Mile Point Fourteen Foot Shoal Gibraltar Gravelly Shoal Harbor Beach Lake St. Clair Mariners Memorial Middle Island Miller Memorial New Presque Isle Old Presque Isle Peche Island Rear Range Poe Reef Pointe aux Barques Port Austin Port Sanilac Saginaw Bay Saginaw River Rear Range Spectacle Reef St. Clair Flats Front and Rear Range Light Sturgeon Point Tawas Point Thunder Bay Island Tri-Centennial Light of Detroit William Livingstone Memorial Windmill Point
Historical (lost) lights	Au Sable North Pierhead Belle Isle Clinton River Ecorse Ecorse Range Rear Gibraltar Grassy Island Grassy Island North Channel Range Lights Grassy Island South Channel Range Lights Grosse Ile North Channel Range Lights Grosse Ile South Channel Range Lights Harwood Point East Range Front Kalamazoo River Mama Juda Mama Juda Range Front Manistee Main Middle Lake George Monroe Pier New Buffalo North Manitou Island Saginaw Bay Sand Beach North Entrance East Squaw Point St. Mary's River Lower Range Front Vidal Shoals Channel Range Front and Rear Lights Windmill Point Range Front and Rear Lights
Related	Lightship Huron List of lifesaving stations in Michigan Wixom Lake, Musselman Island lighthouse

v t e National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Lists by county	Alcona Alger Allegan Alpena Antrim Arenac Baraga Barry Bay Benzie Berrien Branch Calhoun Cass Charlevoix Cheboygan Chippewa Clare Clinton Crawford Delta Dickinson Eaton Emmet Genesee Gladwin Gogebic Grand Traverse Gratiot Hillsdale Houghton Huron Ingham Ionia Iosco Iron Isabella Jackson Kalamazoo Kalkaska Kent Keweenaw Lake Lapeer Leelanau Lenawee Livingston Luce Mackinac Macomb Manistee Marquette Mason Mecosta Menominee Midland Missaukee Monroe Montcalm Montmorency Muskegon Newaygo Oakland Oceana Ogemaw Ontonagon Osceola Oscoda Otsego Ottawa Presque Isle Roscommon Saginaw Sanilac Schoolcraft Shiawassee St. Clair St. Joseph Tuscola Van Buren Washtenaw Wayne Detroit Wexford
Other lists	Bridges Historic districts Houses Michigan State Historic Sites (listings) National Historic Landmarks Properties of religious function Railway stations