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Artur Văitoianu

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Artur Văitoianu
General Artur Văitoianu
Prime Minister of Romania
In office
1 October 1919 – 9 December 1919
MonarchFerdinand I
Preceded byIon I.C. Brătianu
Succeeded byAlexandru Vaida-Voievod
Minister of National Defense
In office
29 November 1918 – 26 September 1919
Prime MinisterIon I. C. Brătianu
Preceded byEremia Grigorescu
Succeeded byIoan Rășcanu
Minister of the Interior
In office
24 October 1918 – 29 November 1918
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byAlexandru Marghiloman
Succeeded byGheorghe Gh. Mârzescu
In office
19 January 1922 – 30 October 1923
Prime MinisterIon I. C. Brătianu
Preceded byIon Cămărășescu
Succeeded byIon I. C. Brătianu
Personal details
Born(1864-04-14)14 April 1864
Izmail, United Principalities
Died17 June 1956(1956-06-17) (aged 92)
Bucharest, Romanian People's Republic
NationalityRomanian
Political partyNational Liberal Party
Alma materUniversity of Bucharest
ProfessionSoldier, politician
Military service
AllegianceKingdom of Romania
Branch/serviceRomanian Land Forces
Years of service1884–1920
RankGeneral de corp de armată
Commands10th Infantry Regiment, 11th Infantry Brigade, 10th Infantry Division, 2nd Army Corps
Battles/wars

Artur or Arthur Văitoianu (14 April 1864 in Izmail – 17 June 1956) was a Romanian general who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for about two months in 1919 (27 September – 30 November). During his mandate, the first elections of Greater Romania were held.

Career

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He was born in Izmail, then part of the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. His father, Teodor Weithoffer Văitoianu, was a Bessarabian German, while his mother, Maria Missir, was Romanian.[1][2][3][4] He rose through the ranks of the Romanian Army and, during the World War I Battle of Mărăști, he commanded the Second Corps.

Earlier in the War, during the Romanian Campaign of 1916, he commanded the 10th Infantry Division at the Battle of Predeal Pass, in defense of Prahova Valley. He managed to block the Central Powers from reaching Bucharest via the shortest way, thus preventing them from cutting off and surrounding the Romanian Army and by implication knock the country out of the war. It was a decisive victory that enabled Romania to wage war until 1918, when it had to surrender after Russia did the same, leaving Romania alone on the Eastern Front and surrounded by the Central Powers, a situation that far surpassed its military capacities.

A War and Interior Minister in Ion I. C. Brătianu's cabinet, he came to lead the executive upon the latter's resignation over the Allied Powers' refusal to recognize the territorial awards promised to Romania upon its 1916 entry into the conflict (on the basis of Romania having signed a separate peace with the Central Powers, the Treaty of Bucharest, in the previous year); in the short hiatus, no Romanian authority was present at the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain with Austria.[5]

Văitoianu took office as Romanian troops were engaged in an expedition to Hungary, where they were fighting against the newly proclaimed Hungarian Soviet Republic. The Supreme War Council of Allied Powers gave Romania an 8-day ultimatum to retreat its troops from Budapest to the provisional border settled by the Paris Peace Conference and to cease confiscation of Hungarian property, as well as to sign the peace with Austria and agree to guarantee minority rights throughout Greater Romania.[5] Văitoianu's government refused to comply, and handed in its resignation on 30 November, leaving room for the bloc formed in Parliament by the Romanian National Party of Transylvania and the Peasants' Party of the Regat to form the Alexandru Vaida-Voevod cabinet, one which soon agreed to the Allies' demands.[5]

He was a high-ranking member of the National Liberal Party-Brătianu for much of his political career.

Artur Văitoianu was buried in the World War I heroes' crypt in Mărăști.[6] In 2007, the local authorities claimed that Văitoianu's and Averescu's remains were stolen from their crypts, asking for the Prosecution Office to investigate.[7]

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Notes

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  1. ^ "Arthur Vaitoianu" (PDF). arhivelenationale.ro.
  2. ^ "Arthur Vaitoianu – Calator prin Romania".
  3. ^ ""Oameni care au fost". Generalul de corp de armată Arthur Văitoianu, erou la Mărăști şi Oituz și om politic... De Nicolae Uszkai, Brașov". 8 November 2022.
  4. ^ Țîcu, Octavian (22 May 2018). "Dificultățile reîntregirii (II): Guvernarea lui Arthur Văitoianu (1)" – via moldova.europalibera.org.
  5. ^ a b c Hitchins, p.289
  6. ^ "Mausoleul eroilor de la Mărăști" (in Romanian). Romanian Office for Heroes' Memory. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  7. ^ "De la Mausoleul Mărăști au dispărut și osemintele generalului Văitoianu". Gândul (in Romanian). 20 February 2007. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

References

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